Normal categories of normed algebra of finite rank bounded operators

In this article, we introduce the normal category L(S) [R(S)] of principal left [right] ideals of the normed algebra S of all finite rank bounded operators on a Hilbert space H and is shown that they are isomorphic, using Hilbert space duality. We also described the semigroup of all normal cones in L(S) which is isomorphic to the semigroup of all finite rank operators on H. Further, we construct bounded normal cones in L(S) such that the set of all bounded normal cones in L(S) is a normed algebra isomorphic to the normed algebra S.Comment: 16 pages 0 figur

Nova vrsta viskoznog tekućeg svemira Bianchijevog tipa i s vremenski-promjenljivim kozmološkim članom

A new class of Bianchi type I viscous-fluid cosmological models with a variable cosmological constant are investigated in which the expansion is considered only in two directions, i.e. one of the Hubble parameter (H1 = A4/A) is zero. We have considered four cases: (i) coefficients of bulk (ξ) and shear (η) viscosity are taken as constant, (ii) ξ and η are considered to be inversely dependent on time, (iii) Λ is taken as inverse square of t and (iv) ξ and η are considered as proportional to scale of expansion in the model. The cosmological constant Λ is found to be positive and is a decreasing function of time which is supported by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.Istražujemo novu vrstu kozmoloških modela viskoznog tekućeg svemira Bianchijevog tipa I s promjenljivom kozmološkom konstantom, u kojima se širenje razmatra samo u dva smjera, tj., jedan od Hubbleovih parametara, H1 = A4/A, jednak je nula. Razmatramo četiri slučaja: (i) volumni i viskozno-smični koeficijenti, (ξ) i (η), su stalni, (ii) (ξ) i (η) su inverzno razmjerni vremenu, (iii) Λ je razmjeran inverznom kvadratu vremena i (iv) ξ i η razmjerni su ljestvici širenja svemira u modelu. Nalazimo da je kozmološka konstanta pozitivna i opadajuća funkcija vremena, što je u skladu s nedavnim ishodima opažanja supernova Ia. Raspravljaju se također neka fizikalna i geometrijska svojstva tih modela

Refexive Planning for Later Life: A Conceptual Model and Evidence from Canada

In this paper, we present a conceptual model to describe an individual's preparations for later life. Situated in the life course perspective, this model invites a comprehensive and systematic study of later life planning. It describes a dynamic process that portrays the interplay between social structure and human agency. Through its consideration of collective preparations (the public protection programs offered by the state), individual preparations (financial and non-financial), and the interplay between them, this model provides fresh insight into the existing literature on retirement planning, the timing of retirement, savings, and consumption patterns in later life. Moreover, the model may be used to structure research questions, to guide policy decision making and to point the direction for the design and content of future research studies. While the purpose of this paper is primarily the development of a conceptual model, we illustrate the model using the results of a self-completion semi-structured questionnaire on this topic that was completed by a convenience sample of 240 seniors in Canada. We conclude by suggesting a number of research questions that may be generated from the model.retirement planning, financial security, savings, independence

Optimized Deeplearning Algorithm for Software Defects Prediction

Accurate software defect prediction (SDP) helps to enhance the quality of the software by identifying potential flaws early in the development process. However, existing approaches face challenges in achieving reliable predictions. To address this, a novel approach is proposed that combines a two-tier-deep learning framework. The proposed work includes four major phases:(a) pre-processing, (b) Dimensionality reduction, (c) Feature Extraction and (d) Two-fold deep learning-based SDP. The collected raw data is initially pre-processed using a data cleaning approach (handling null values and missing data) and a Decimal scaling normalisation approach. The dimensions of the pre-processed data are reduced using the newly developed Incremental Covariance Principal Component Analysis (ICPCA), and this approach aids in solving the “curse of dimensionality” issue. Then, onto the dimensionally reduced data, the feature extraction is performed using statistical features (standard deviation, skewness, variance, and kurtosis), Mutual information (MI), and Conditional entropy (CE). From the extracted features, the relevant ones are selected using the new Euclidean Distance with Mean Absolute Deviation (ED-MAD). Finally, the SDP (decision making) is carried out using the optimized Two-Fold Deep Learning Framework (O-TFDLF), which encapsulates the RBFN and optimized MLP, respectively. The weight of MLP is fine-tuned using the new Levy Flight Cat Mouse Optimisation (LCMO) method to improve the model's prediction accuracy. The final detected outcome (forecasting the presence/ absence of defect) is acquired from optimized MLP. The implementation has been performed using the MATLAB software. By using certain performance metrics such as Sensitivity, Accuracy, Precision, Specificity and MSE the proposed model’s performance is compared to that of existing models. The accuracy achieved for the proposed model is 93.37%

Review on investigation of corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete with supplementary cementitious materials

Cement concrete is the most widely used material for various constructions. Properly designed and prepared concrete results in good strength and durability. Sometime these mixes are found to be inadequate, hence variety of admixtures are used along with cement. A certain percentage of cement will be replaced separately with metakaolin and silica fumes. Hence the flexural strength test of concrete and evaluation of corrosion behavior of the reinforcement can be performed. The study of flexural property of concrete will be conducted at 7 or 28 days characteristic strength with different replacement level of cement (i.e.0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). Corrosion behavior of reinforcement will be evaluated based on half-cell potential. Concrete samples will be cured in either fresh water of 4% NaCl saline water for 7 or 28 days of curing period. We assumed that the addition of silica fumes and metakaolin will improve the flexural strength characteristics of concrete and corrosion resistivity of reinforcement. Keywords: Flexural strength, corrosion, metakaolin, silica fumes

Solar Resource Assessment in Jammu and Kashmir State

The state of Jammu and Kashmir has diverse agro-climatic zones. The present paper on solar resource assessment in the state of Jammu and Kashmir is based on ten years of average data taken from NREL and SRRA stations. The state is blessed with huge solar potential, both for thermal generation as well as photovoltaic. The same energy can be used for electricity and process heat generation to mitigate growing energy crisis particularly in winter. The data as obtained from NREL and C-WET through SRRA stations revealed that the state is receiving more than 5 kWh/m2/day of average DNI and GHI every month which in itself can be harnessed for solar thermal energy and photovoltaic power. The average DNI and GHI received from last ten years varied from (1 kWh/day/m2) to (8kWh/day/m2) per day

Health Impact and Medicinal Properties of Nutritionally Edible Milky Mushroom (Calocybe Indica)

Dietary mushrooms are considered as valuable health foods since they are known for rich proteinacious food, it consists of about 75 per cent proteins and are low in calories, fat, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Mushrooms as functional foods are used as nutrient supplements to enhance immunity in the form of tablets. Calocybe indica is an indigenous popular edible mushroom, having a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and steroids possibly involved in their medicinal effects and nutritive value. Result of the present supplementation study revealed that milky mushroom is highly suitable and beneficial for promoting and maintaining health. Blood profile of the subjects showed a significant decrease in blood sugar, blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels in the subject