Kepatuhan Pembatasan Asupan Cairan terhadap Lama Menjalani Hemodialisa

One of the treatments to save the life of patients with chronic renal failure is hemodialysis therapy, accompanied by fluid intake restriction. The absence of this restriction will lead to accumulated fluid which can result in edema around the body. This condition may cause increased blood pressure and aggravated heart work. In addition, asphyxia can also occur due to the accumulated fluid. This research aimed to figure out the differences and the correlation between hemodialysis patients obedience towards fluid intake restriction and the continuation of hemodialysis experience in PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This research was a descriptive- quantitative study applying cross sectional method. Samples were chosen using accidental sampling technique, involving 60 respondents. The instruments used in this research were questionnaires and patients medical records. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation formula and Kruskall Wallis test. The results of this research showed that there was a correlation with p=0,033, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,088) between the continuatio of hemodialysis treatment and the patients obedience towards fluid intake restriction. In conclusion, the longer time the patients experienced hemodialysis therapy, the less obedience they had in restricting the fluid intake

Evaluasi Kinerja Simpang Bersinyal Jalan 17 Agustus – Jalan Babe Palar Kota Manado

Persimpangan merupakan suatu bagian jalan yang menjadi pusat terjadinya titik konflik dari berbagai pergerakan arus lalu lintas. Persimpangan 17 Agustus – Babe Palar di kota Manado yang merupakan pertemuan empat ruas jalan memiliki kondisi fisik/geometrik jalan yang berbeda dengan simpangan pada umumnya yaitu simpang tiga ganda (senjang) dengan pengaturan satu siklus yang sama, mempengaruhi kelancaran arus lalu lintas di ruas jalan-jalan persimpangan tersebut. Karena adanya jarak antar pendekat simpang yang cukup panjang, sehingga kendaraan yang melintasi pendekat tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang cukup panjang untuk keluar dari persimpangan. Selain itu antrian panjang sering terjadi pada pendekat-pendekat dipersimpangan ini. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran awal untuk mengambil data geometrik dan waktu siklus. Data volume arus lalu lintas diambil selama 3 hari yaitu hari selasa, jumat dan sabtu pada tanggal 11, 14 dan 15 November 2014 dari jam 06.00 – 18.00 WITA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kinerja simpang pada kondisi eksisting dan juga pada kondisi desain. Kemudian membandingkan kinerja pada kondisi eksisting dan kinerja pada kondisi desain. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisa kinerja simpang adalah MKJI 1997. Jam-jam sibuk semua pendekat adalah terjadi dari jam 08.30 sampai dengan jam 17.00 ditandai dengan derajat kejenuhan rata-rata simpang diantara 0.70 sampai 0,80, panjang antrian berkisar antara 60 meter sampai dengan 80 meter serta tundaan 60 smp/detik sampai dengan 75 smp/detik. Pengurangan waktu siklus dari 152 detik menjadi 115 detik, tidak menyebabkan kenaikan derajat kejenuhan simpang secara signifikan yaitu, dari derajat kejenuhan rata-rata = 0,71 menjadi derajat kejenuhan rata-rata = 0,73 (kenaikan sebesar 0,026), tetapi terjadi pengurangan panjang antrian rata-rata simpang sebesar 16 meter dan pengurangan tundaan simpang rata-rata sebesar 13,3 detik/smp

Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Membaca Dan Memahami Teks Bahasa Inggris

This research aimed at finding and analyzing (1) the form of lesson planning using skimming-scanning technique, 2) implementation process by using skimming-scanning process. The research was done at class XI SMK Gunadarma Bandar Lampung. The result of research shown that  1) understanding and analyze English instructional planning by using skimming-scanning technique. 2) instructional process by using skimming-scanning technique could increase students activities, the first cycle, students’ active in a good category was 8 students or 27% and the second cycle students’ active was 11 students or 37%. The third cycle, students’ active was 24 students or 80%Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan menemukan (1) perencanaan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan mengunakan teknik skimming-scanning, 2) proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan mengunakan teknik skimming-scanning. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah: 1) menemukan dan menganalisis perencanaan pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan mengunakan teknik skimming–scannin. 2) Proses pembelajaran dengan teknik skimming-scanning dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa, yaitu siklus I siswa yang aktif 8 siswa atau 27% dan siklus 2 yang aktif 11 siswa atau 37%. siklus 3 siswa aktif 24 atau 80%

Menciptakan Peran Tutor Paud Berbasis Natural Sains dalam Menciptakan Kota Layak Anak

The purpose of this community service is to provide training to early childhood tutor at Muktiharjo Lor Village, District Genuk of Natural Science through natural science experiments that are safe for children. The method used in this training are: (1). Method of approach from the approach used in this program is a lecture and practice in science learning and involve participants directly, (2). Methods of practice, the training is done directly by the tutor early childhood through the experiment-Experiment on Natural Science. The results of this training are: (1) Tutor early childhood is more skilled in providing materials to the students of science, (2) early childhood Tutors are able to do simple science experiments for children, (3) early childhood tutor capable of learning science in a fun package

Peningkatan Kualitas Pos Paud Melalui Pengembangan Program Holistik Integratif (Penelitian Tindakan Pada Pos Paud Se-kalurahan Penggaron Kidul)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan model peningkatan kualitas Pos PAUD melalui PAUD Holistik integratif, sehingga membantu memecahkan masalah dalam penyelenggaraan PAUD yang kurang profesional berupa keterbatasan dalam pengetahuan tentang anak usia dini, gizi dan parenting. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Action research yang meliputi 5 tahapan yang merupakan siklus, yaitu : a). Melakukan diagnosa (diagnosing) ,melakukan identifikasi masalah-masalah pokok yang ada guna menjadi dasar kelompok atau organisasi sehingga terjadi Perubahan,cara yang ditempuh dengan mengadakan wawancara. b).Membuat rencana tindakan (action planning),Peneliti dan partisipan bersama-sama memahami pokok masalah yang ada kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menyusun rencana tindakan yang tepat untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang ada. c).Melakukan tindakan (action taking) ,Peneliti dan partisipan bersama-sama mengimplementasikan rencana tindakan dengan harapan dapat menyelesaikan masalah. d).Melakukan evaluasi (evaluating),Setelah masa implementasi (action taking) dianggap cukup kemudian peneliti bersama partisipan melaksanakan evaluasi hasil dari implementasi tadi,. e).Pembelajaran (learning),Tahap ini merupakan bagian akhir siklus yang telah dilalui dengan melaksanakan review tahap-pertahap yang telah berakhir kemudian penelitian ini dapat berakhir. Seluruh kriteria dalam prinsip pembelajaran harus dipelajari, Perubahan dalam situasi organisasi dievaluasi oleh peneliti dan dikomunikasikan kepada klien, peneliti dan klien merefleksikan terhadap hasil proyek, yang nampak akan dilaporkan secara lengkap dan hasilnya secara eksplisit dipertimbangkan dalam hal implikasinya terhadap penerapan Canonical Action Reaserch (CAR). Berdasarkan temuan dan pembahasan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan sebagai berikut ; (1) Terjadi peningkatan kualitas Pos PAUD melalui program holistik integratif ?é?ádari siklus I ke siklus II.(2)Terjadi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran pendidik PAUD melalui pelatihan.(3) Terlihat pada output sig?é?á =?é?á 0,000 = 0% < 5%, maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima?é?á artinya bahwa rataan nilai postest dan nilai pretest keduanya berbeda.Dari output terlihat bahwa nilai means pretest = 9,48?é?á lebih kecil dari nilai means postest= 14,86. Jadi ?é?ánilai postest lebih baik dari pada nilai pretest.Setelah dilakukan penelitian tindakan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pelatihan program PAUD holistik integratif?é?á dapat meningkatkan kualitas Pos ?é?áPAUD

MENCIPTAKAN PERAN TUTOR PAUD BERBASIS NATURAL SAINS DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KOTA LAYAK ANAK

AbstractThe purpose of this community service is to provide training to early childhood tutor at Muktiharjo Lor Village, District Genuk of Natural Science through natural science experiments that are safe for children. The method used in this training are: (1). Method of approach from the approach used in this program is a lecture and practice in science learning and involve participants directly, (2). Methods of practice, the training is done directly by the tutor early childhood through the experiment-Experiment on Natural Science. The results of this training are: (1) Tutor early childhood is more skilled in providing materials to the students of science, (2) early childhood Tutors are able to do simple science experiments for children, (3) early childhood tutor capable of learning science in a fun package.Key Words: Tutor Early Childhood, Science, Simple Science Experiments for KidsAbstrakTujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan kepada tutor PAUD di Kelurahan Muktiharjo Lor, Kecamatan Genuk tentang Natural Sains melalui percobaan-percobaan natural sains yang aman bagi anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini adalah: (1) metode pendekatan ceramah dan praktik dalam pembelajaran sains dan melibat peserta secara langsung; (2) metode praktik langsung oleh Tutor PAUD melalui percobaan-percobaan tentang natural sains. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah: (1) tutor PAUD lebih terampil dalam memberikan materi sains kepada anak didik; (2) tutor PAUD mampu melakukan percobaan-percobaan sains sederhana bagi anak; (3) tutor PAUD mampu mengemas pembelajaran sains secara menyenangkan.Kata Kunci: Tutor PAUD, Sains, Kota, Layak Ana

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk–outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk–outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk–outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk–outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. Findings: Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7–9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4–9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7–6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8–6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8–6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0–4 years and 5–14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9–27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5–28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3–56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9–21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3–12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6–1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1–1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4–78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2–72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). Interpretation: Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions

Penambahan Abu Daun Bambu sebagai Substitusi Material Semen terhadap Kinerja Beton

Bamboo leaf ash has reactive properties that can react to hard and stiff materials. Based on research, through burning for 2 hours bamboo leaf ash has 75.9% silica. Based on the background, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of bamboo ash as a mixture of cement on the performance of concrete. The method used in this research is the experimental method. Experiments were carried out on normal concrete with K 240 concrete quality which the variation of bamboo leaf ash is 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% from the cement mixture and compressive strength test with a sample of 3 cube-shaped specimens measuring 15 x 15 x 15 cm at the age of 14 days. The data analysis technique used is linear regression using SPSS software. The results show the compressive strength value which is influenced by the variation of the mixture of bamboo leaf ash is Y = 13.871 + 0.419 X where x is the variation of the mixture and y is the compressive strength value of concrete. The value of t-test = 2.504 &gt; t-table = 1.812 indicates a significant influence between the addition of variations in the mixture of bamboo leaf ash to compressive strength. The optimum variation was found in the proportion of bamboo ash mixture of 5% and 7%