Embryonic and Fetal Development in - Pigmy Rice Rat - Oligoryzomys sp (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) and its Significance for Being a new Experimental Model

Oligoryzomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) is a common rodent genus from South America that includes a couple of very similar species. Related species have been used as experimental model for understanding several diseases for which these species are reservoirs. In order to provide a better understanding of the embryological aspects of this group, herein we showed data on the embryonic and fetal development in Oligoryzomys sp. Eight specimens of different stages of gestation were obtained from the Collection of the Zoology Museum of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Gestational ages were estimated by crown-rump-length according to Evans and Sack (1973). To address our analysis after examining the gross morphology, tissues from several organs were processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological data on the systems (nervous system, cardiorespiratory system, intestinal tract and urogenital system) were described in detail. Finally, the findings were compared with what is known about embryological aspects in other rodent species in order to establish similarities and differences during the organogenesis in different species.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP

Efficacy of Dexrazoxane in Preventing Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer

Abstract Objectives The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized trials on the efficacy of dexrazoxane in patients with breast cancer who were treated with anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. Background Breast cancer treatment with anthracyclines and trastuzumab is associated with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity. Among the various strategies to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity, dexrazoxane is an option for primary prevention, but it is seldom used in clinical practice. Methods Online databases were searched from January 1990 up to March 1, 2019, for clinical trials on the use of dexrazoxane for the prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracyclines with or without trastuzumab. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Results Seven randomized trials and 2 retrospective trials with a total of 2,177 patients were included. Dexrazoxane reduced the risk of clinical heart failure (RR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.40; p Conclusions Dexrazoxane reduced the risk of clinical heart failure and cardiac events in patients with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab and did not significantly impact cancer outcomes. However, the quality of available evidence is low, and further randomized trials are warranted before the systematic implementation of this therapy in clinical practice

Origin and distribuition of sciatic nerves of the Galea

O preá do semiárido nordestino (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) é um roedor pertencente à família Caviidae. Pouca literatura é encontrada sobre essa espécie em relação a sua morfologia e seu comportamento ambiental e reprodutivo. Com o objetivo de entender a morfologia geral, em foco, na inervação do membro pélvico dessa espécie, neste trabalho, foi explorado o nervo isquiático, o qual é o maior de todos os nervos do organismo. Foram utilizados 10 preás (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) que vieram a óbito por causas naturais, oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (CEMAS/UFERSA). Os animais foram fixados após o óbito em solução aquosa de formaldeído 10% e, após 48 horas de imersão nessa solução, foram dissecados para exposição do nervo isquiático. Dessa forma, os dados obtidos foram compilados em tabelas e expressos em desenhos esquemáticos e fotografias. Os pares de nervos isquiáticos originaram-se de raízes ventrais de L6L7S1 (70%) e de L7S1S2 (30%) e distribuíram-se pelos músculos glúteo profundo, bíceps femural, semitendinoso e semimembranoso.The Galea of the semi-arid northeast (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831) is a rodent belonging to the family Caviidae. Little literature is found on this species in relation to morphology, environmental and reproductive behavior. With a view to understanding the general morphology, particularly, in the innervation of the pelvic limb of this species, ponder the sciatic nerve, which is the largest of all the nerves of the body. 10 cavies were used (five males, five females) that they had died of natural causes, originating from breeders scientific, legally licensed by IBAMA, the UFRSA, Mossoró, RN. The animals were fixed after the death in an aqueous solution of formaldehyde 10% and after 48 hours of immersion in it, were dissected to expose the sciatic nerve. Thus, the data were compiled in tables and expressed in drawings and photographs. The pairs of sciatic nerves were derived from ventral roots L6L7S1 (70%) and L7S1S2 (30%) and were distributed by the deep gluteal muscles, biceps femural, semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles

Correlation between sleep and quality of life in patients with heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a serious and growing public health problem on the world. Among its many features there are low quality of life (QOL) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) due to sleep disorders which impairs its quality. It was identified the EDS and sleep quality in patients with HF and their SDE was correlated to their QOL. Among the 52 subjects of the study, 23 patients completed the study (13M), with average age of 60.5 years, functional class (FC) II and III, ejection fraction ≤45%. Subjects were evaluated for their quality of sleep, EDS and QOL. Questionnaires were applied in the form of interview by using the SF−36 for QOL, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire for quality of sleep and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for SDE. A total of 60.86% of the sample showed poor sleep quality. Correlating QOL to EDS, significant results were obtained in the pain (p=0.04 and r=−43), vitality (p=0.05 and r=−0.40) and social functioning (p=0.003 and r=-0.59). The sample has a poor sleep quality, with presence of SDE negatively correlated with QOL in aspects of vitality, pain and social functioning.A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é um problema grave e crescente de saúde pública no cenário mundial. Dentre suas várias características, estão a baixa qualidade de vida (QV) e sonolência diurna excessiva (SDE) em virtude dos distúrbios do sono, que prejudicam sua qualidade. Identificou-se a SDE e a qualidade do sono (QS) em pacientes com IC e, correlacionou-se a SDE à QV desses pacientes. Dos 52 indivíduos incluídos no estudo, 23 pacientes o concluíram (13 H), com idade média de 60,5 anos, classe funcional (CF) II e III, com fração de ejeção ≤ 45%. Aplicou-se o 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) para QV, Questionário de Pittsburgh para QS, e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth para SDE. Ao final, 60,86% da amostra apresentaram QS ruim. Ao correlacionar-se QV com o grau de SDE, obtiveram-se resultados significativos para dor (p=0,04 e r=-0,43), vitalidade - VT (p=0,05 e r=-0,40) e aspectos sociais -AS (p=0,003 e r=-0,59). A amostra estudada apresenta QS ruim, com SDE estando presente e se correlacionando de forma negativa com QV em seus aspectos de dor, VT e AS.La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es un problema mundialmente grave y creciente en la salud pública. La mala calidad de vida (QV) y la somnolencia excesiva (SDE), debida a los trastornos del sueño, son las principales características que perjudican su calidad. Se identificó la SDE y la calidad del sueño (QS) en pacientes con IC y se los correlacionó con estos pacientes. De los 52 sujetos participantes, concluyeron el estudio 23 pacientes (13 H), con un promedio de edad de 60,5 años, la clase funcional (CF) II y III y fracción de eyección del ≤ 45%. Se aplicó 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) a la QV, el cuestionario de Pittsburgh para la QS y la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth para la SDE. Los resultados mostraron que en el 60,86% de la muestra no se obtuvo una buena QS y al correlacionarse la QV con el grado SDE los resultados fueron significativos al dolor (p=0,04 y r=-0,43), a la vitalidad - VT (p=0,05 y r=-0,40) y a los aspectos sociales - AS (p=0,003 y r=-0,59). En la muestra estudiada se mostró una mala QS, además estaba presente la SDE correlacionándola negativamente con la QV en los aspectos dolor, VT y AS

Integrative literature review of the reported uses of serological tests in leprosy management

An integrative literature review was conducted to synthesize available publications regarding the potential use of serological tests in leprosy programs. We searched the databases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Índice Bibliográfico Espanhol em Ciências da Saúde, Acervo da Biblioteca da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Hanseníase, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, Ovid, Cinahl, and Web of Science for articles investigating the use of serological tests for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I), ML0405, ML2331, leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (LID-1), and natural disaccharide octyl-leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1 (NDO-LID). From an initial pool of 3.514 articles, 40 full-length articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Based on these papers, we concluded that these antibodies can be used to assist in diagnosing leprosy, detecting neuritis, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and monitoring household contacts or at-risk populations in leprosy-endemic areas. Thus, available data suggest that serological tests could contribute substantially to leprosy management.

Arquitetura e estrutura dos rins de Gracilinanus microtarsus (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) (WAGNER, 1842)

Gracilinanus microtarsus is a South American marsupial that belongs to Didelphimorphia order and Didelphidae family. The gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidneys of G. microtarsus was studied. The species has a pair of kidneys located in the sublumbar region of the abdominal cavity, close to the spine. The right kidney is cranial to the left kidney, and both have a bean shape. In a longitudinal cut, the kidney has defined areas, such as the renal cortex and medulla, as well as the renal papilla, calices and renal pelvis. The kidney of Gracilinanus microtarsus is classified as unilobado with a smooth surface and showing microscopic aspect similar to the kidneys of dogs and cats.A cuíca Gracilinanus microtarsus é um marsupial Sul-Americano, pertencente à ordem Didelphimorphia e família Didelphidae. Foi estudada a anatomia macroscópica e microscópica dos rins de G. microtarsus. A espécie possui um par de rins localizados na região sublombar da cavidade abdominal adjacente à coluna vertebral, sendo o rim direito mais cranial que o esquerdo. Os rins possuem formato de feijão e ao corte longitudinal possuem áreas bem definidas como córtex e medula renal, papila, cálice e pelve renal. Em G. microtarsus, o rim é unilobado, apresentando uma superfície lisa e estrutura microscópica similar à de cães e gatos

Correlação entre o peso, comprimento e anexos fetais de mocós (Kerodon rupestris Wied, 1820)

Foi avaliada a existência de correlação entre diferentes anexos fetais de mocós e determinada a relação entre peso do feto e peso da placenta, relação entre o peso do feto e comprimento do cordão umbilical e a relação entre o peso do feto e comprimento do feto. Foram utilizados anexos fetais e fetos de três, cinco e seis fêmeas, respectivamente, no terço inicial, médio e final de gestação, obtidas no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS-UFERSA). Os dados foram expressos em média ± desvio padrão, bem como valores mínimos e máximos, avaliados pelo programa estatístico GraphPad Prism Versão 6.0. Após análise dos pressupostos paramétricos, os dados foram submetidos aos Testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney e regressão linear. A relação entre peso do feto e peso da placenta demonstrou expressão y = 33,73 + 16,38x com cálculo do coeficiente de correlação entre peso do feto e o peso da placenta elevado e positivo, evidenciando dependência entre as variáveis (R2 = 0,7251). A relação entre o peso do feto e comprimento do cordão umbilical demonstrou expressão y = 35,64 + 25,64x e a análise de correlação entre as variáveis, positiva (R2 = 0,7201) indicando elevada dependência entre as variáveis. Quanto à relação entre o peso do feto e comprimento do feto, identificou-se uma relação do tipo y = a + bx, cuja expressão definida foi y = 1,26 + 0,41x, com análise de correlação das variáveis apresentando elevada correlação considerando-se o valor de R2 = 0,7890. As variáveis analisadas demonstram uma influência direta no desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal em mocós confirmando a correlação destes com o tamanho do feto.We evaluated the correlation between different fetal membranes of rock cavies and determined the relationship between fetal weight and placental weight, the relationship between fetal weight and length of the umbilical cord and the relationship between fetal weight and length of the fetus. The fetuses and fetal membranes of three, five and six females respectively in the first third, middle and late gestation were used, obtained from Multiplication Center for Wild Animals of the Federal University Rural of Semiarid (CEMAS-UFERSA). The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, evaluated by the statistical program GraphPad Prism version 6.0. After analysis of parametric assumptions, the data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis' test and Mann-Whitney's test and linear regression. The relationship between fetal weight and placental weight showed the expression y = 33.73 + 16.38x with an estimate of the coefficient of correlation between fetal weight and placental weight high and positive, showing dependence between variables (R2 = 0.7251). The relationship between fetal weight and length of the umbilical cord showed expression y = 35.64 + 25.64x and the correlation analysis between variables, positive (R2 = 0.7201) indicating high dependence between variables. Regarding the relationship between fetal weight and length of the fetus, we identified a relationship of the type y = a + bx, whose expression was defined y = 1.26 + 0.41x, with correlation analysis of the variables showing high correlation considering the value of R2 = 0.7890. The variables analyzed demonstrate a direct influence on embryonic and fetal development in rock cavies confirming the correlation of these with the size of the fetus

Morphology and topography of the liver and pancreas of Rhea americana

As emas são aves ratitas nativas do continente sul americano, são consideradas aves primitivas do ponto de vista filogenético que constituem um grupo altamente especializado. Este estudo buscou caracterizar macro e microscopicamente o fígado e pâncreas de emas. O material foi coletado no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS), na cidade de Mossoró-RN, Brasil, (Registro IBAMA n° 14.78912). Utilizaram-se 20 animais jovens com idade entre dois e seis meses independente do sexo. Em emas, o fígado se relacionava cranialmente com o ápice do coração, dorsalmente com os pulmões, esôfago e o proventrículo gástrico, caudalmente, com o ventrículo gástrico, o baço, o duodeno e parte do jejuno. Apresentava coloração vermelha escura e possuía apenas dois lobos, sendo o direito ligeiramente menor que o esquerdo. Histologicamente, era revestido por uma cápsula de tecido conjuntivo delgada e cada lóbulo hepático pôde ser identificado pela presença evidente de veias centrais, com muitos sinusoides comunicando-se com elas. O pâncreas, ventralmente, apresentava-se como uma fita fina, formado por um lobo dorsal e um lobo ventral. Longitudinalmente o pâncreas em emas localiza-se no mesentério dorsal desde o fígado até a flexura cranial do duodeno, mantendo-se preso às alças duodenais por ligamentos. Histologicamente, era composto por uma cápsula delgada de tecido conjuntivo denso, com discretos lóbulos separados por tecido conjuntivo capsular, compostos por estruturas tubuloalveolares e ductos. O fígado e pâncreas de emas apresentam padrão morfológico similar ao descrito para aves domésticas.The rhea are ratites birds native of the South American continent, which are considered primitive birds from the standpoint of the phylogenetic group that is highly specialized. This study aimed to characterize gross and microscopically the liver and rhea pancreas. The material was collected in a Wild Animals Multiplication Center, Mossoro-RN, Brazil, (Registration no 14.78912 IBAMA). It was used 20 young animals aged between two and six months independent of sex. In the rhea the liver is related to the cranial apex of the heart, dorsally with the lungs, esophagus and gastric proventriculus, caudally with the gastric ventricle, the spleen, the duodenum and part of the jejunum. It was dark red color and had only two lobes, being the right lobe slightly smaller than the left. Histologically was lined by a thin connective tissue capsule and each lobe liver could be clearly identified by the presence of central veins, with sinusoids communicating with the veins. The pancreas, ventrally, showed a thin tape formed by a dorsal lobe and a ventral lobe. Longitudinally the pancreas in rhea is located in the dorsal mesentery since the liver until the cranial duodenal flexure, remaining connected the duodenal handles by ligaments. Histologically was composed of a thin capsule of dense connective tissue, with discrete lobules separated by capsular connective tissue, composed of tubuloalveolares structures and pipelines. The liver and pancreas of rhea have morphology similar to that described for domestic poultry

Promoting Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) During Brazilian Activities of Genomic and Epidemiological Surveillance of Arboviruses

Zika infectio