Kontrola uporabe tvari s anabolickim ucinkom u proizvodnji mesa

U ovom radu dan je pregled rezultata pretraživanja uzoraka biološkog materijala na prisutnost tvari s anabolickim ucinkom. Tijekom 2008. godine u okviru Državnog programa monitoringa rezidua u svim županijama Republike Hrvatske uzorkovani su uzorci urina, jetre, krvi i mišica razlicitih životinjskih vrsta i to na farmama tijekom tova životinja te na klaonici. Na istima su provedena ispitivanja tvari iz skupine stilbena, prirodnih i sintetskih steroida, laktona rezorciklicne kiseline i beta-agonista. U analizama su primjenjene validirane kvantitativne metode: imunoenzimska metoda (ELISA) kao screening metoda te tekucinska kromatografija (LC/MS/MS) ili plinska kromatografija (GC/MS/MS) u kombinaciji sa masenom spektrometrijom kao potvrdne metode. Temeljem saznanja o iz- razitoj toksicnosti tvari s anabolickim ucinkom, njihovoj kumulaciji te mogucoj prisutnosti u proizvodima životinjskog podrijetla, ukazano je na važnost provo&enja sustavnog nadzora i kontrole ostataka ovih tvari u svim fazama proizvodnje hrane animalnog podrijetla uz primjenu propisanih zakonskih odrednica i suvremenih analitickih metoda u njihovoj detekciji

Personality traits and the use of the Internet as faktors in attitudes and career decisions in a military environment

U poslednjih trideset godina nije bilo istraživanja koja su se bavila problemom donošenja odluke o karijernom napredovanju u Vojsci Srbije, kao ni istraživanja koja su obuhvatala uticaj sajber prostora na pripadnike Vojske Srbije, iako je u tom periodu izvršena profesionalizacija vojne organizacije i značajno izmenjeno okruženje i uslovi u kojima postoji. Zbog toga je osnovni cilj ove disertacije bio da se na teorijskom nivou doprinese nadogradnji i obogaćivanju Teorije planiranog ponašanja, pruži određena empirijska podrška toj i sličnim teorijama, zatim da se analizira značaj osobina ličnosti i socijalnog uticaja na stav o profesionalnom napredovanju, kao i utvrđivanje relacija između osobina ličnosti i korišćenja informacija iz sajber prostora u vezi sa napredovanjem u karijeri. Utvrđivanje strukture stavova i odluke o profesionalnom napredovanju u vojnom okruženu i definisanje integralnog modela činioca koji utiču na proces odlučivanja o profesionalnom napredovanju u vojnom okruženju bio je praktični cilj istraživanja. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 454 ispitanika oficirskog kadra Vojske Srbije, svih činova, osim ispitanika generalskog čina. U radu je korišćena deskriptivna Survey Research metoda (analitička varijanta). Radi prikupljanja podataka o sociodemografskim i statusnim obeležjima ispitanika i njihovih stavova o napredovanju u karijeri korišćen je upitnik konstruisan za potrebe ovog istraživanja - UPITNIK o donošenju odluke o karijernom napredovanju u vojnoj profesiji, koji obuhvata 50 pitanja. Utvrđivanje osobina ličnosti vršeno je sledećim mernim instrumentima: 1) NEO FFI- Petofaktorski model ličnosti; 2) Skale faceta iz domena Savesnosti: C1 – kompetentnost i C4 – težnja za postignućem iz Upitnika NEO 30 FACETS; 2) Skala self-koncepta (GENSELF 40), 3) Skala MM1 za merenje makijavelizma i 4) Skale vrednosnih orijentacija – Opšti aktivizam i Društveni aktivizam. Matematičko razvrstavanje ispitivanih manifestnih varijabli u manji broj latentnih varijabli, kojima se objašnjava najveći deo zajedničke varijanse promenljivih, izvršeno je faktorskom analizom. Za ispitivanje značajnosti razlika u stavovima o napredovanju u karijeri između grupa koje su razvrstane prema sociodemografskim, statusnim i socioekonomskim obeležjima upotrebljena je kanonička diskriminaciona analiza. Utvrđivanje povezanosti između osobina ličnosti ispitanika, kao skupa nezavisnih varijabli, i latentnih varijabli stavova ispitanika o napredovanju u vojnoj karijeri, kao skupa zavisnih promenljivih, vršeno je pomoću kanoničke korelacione analize. Značajnost i veličine uticaja ispitivanih osobina ličnosti ispitanika na njihovo odlučivanje o profesionalnom napredovanju utvrđeno je regresionom analizom, dok je Hi-kvadrat test nezavisnosti dveju kategoričkih varijabli korišćen za ispitivanje povezanosti između dve kategoričke varijable iz skupa stavova o napredovanju u karijeri. Potvrđivanjem svih pet posebnih hipoteza disertacije dokazana je opšta hipoteza ovog istraživanja da se manifestni oblici stavova pripadnika Vojske Srbije mogu objasniti manjim grupama latentnih dimenzija (faktora), kao i da su oni statistički značajno povezani sa određenim sociodemografskim obeležjima i osobinama ličnosti ispitanika. Utvrđena je struktura stavova i odluke o profesionalnom napredovanju u vojnom okruženju i predložen je integralni model činioca koji utiču na proces odlučivanja o profesionalnom napredovanju u Vojsci Srbije (Model). Specifičnost predloženog Modela je u tome što konkretizuje faktore koji su značajni za donošenje odluke o profesionalnom napredovanju u vojnom okruženju, a to su: Objektivne okolnosti i lični stav, Porodični i sredinski činioci, Pogodnosti napredovanja u vojnoj službi i Sajber prostor. Poseban značaj Modela ogleda se u definisanju strukture stavova o profesionalnom napredovanju kao i strukture odluke o profesionalnom napredovanju, na osnovu čega je moguće preciznije izvršiti uticaj na stavove pripadnika Vojske Srbije o karijernom napredovaju i na donošenje pozitivne odluke o napredovanju. Predloženi Model definiše uslove za stvaranje okruženja u kojem će biti moguće usaglasiti potrebe vojne organizacije i potrebe njenih pripadnika, što je značajna razlika u odnosu na pristupe u razvoju zaposlenih, opisanih u savremenoj literaturi, koji se zasnivaju na „..1. Formalnom obrazovanju, 2. Proceni, 3. Radnom iskustvu i 4. Međuljudskim odnosima..” (Noe et al, 2005). Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najznačajnija kognitivna, zatim konativna komponenta stava, kao determinante donošenja odluke o profesionalnom napredovanju, dok je emotivna komponenta najmanje značajna. Takođe, empirijski je utvrđeno postojanje mogućnosti uticaja sajber prostora na donošenje odluke o napredovanju u karijeri. Rezultati disertacije o određivanju strukture stavova vezanih za profesionalno napredovanje ukazuju da bi trebalo nastaviti istraživanje načina za uticanje na promenu ponašanja preko ostalih komponenti Ajzenove Teorije planiranog ponašanja. Takođe, istraživanje bi moglo biti nastavljeno s pripadnicima Vojske Srbije o njihovim očekivanjima u slučaju da donesu odluku o karijernom napredovanju, u kom slučaju bi istraživanjem trebalo da budu obuhvaćene i subjektivne norme, odnosno utvrđivanje strukture društvenog pritiska i strukture socijalnog okruženja na sprovođenje određene vrste ponašanja.In the last thirty years, there have been no studies that dealt with deciding on career advancement in the Serbian Army, nor research that covered the impact of cyberspace on members of the Serbian Army. However, in that period, the military organization was professionalized, the environment and conditions in which it exists changed significantly. Therefore, this dissertation's main goal was to contribute on the theoretical level to upgrade and enrich the Theory of Planned Behavior, provide some empirical support to that and similar theories, then analyze the importance of personality traits and social influence on attitudes towards professional advancement between personality traits and the use of information from cyberspace regarding career advancement. Determining the structure of attitudes and decisions about professional advancement in the military environment and defining an integral model of factors influencing the decision-making process about professional advancement in the military environment was the research's practical goal. The research included 454 respondents of the Serbian Army Forces officers, of all ranks, except for respondents of the rank of general. The paper used a descriptive Survey Research method (analytical variant). To collect data on the respondents' socio-demographic and status characteristics and their views on career advancement, a questionnaire constructed for this research was used - QUESTIONNAIRE on decision-making on career advancement in the military profession, which includes 50 questions. Determining personality traits was performed with the following measuring instruments: 1) NEO FFI - Five-factor model of personality; 2) Facet scales from the domain of Conscientiousness: C1 - competence and C4 - striving for achievement from the NEO 30 FACETS Questionnaire; 2) Scale of self-concept (GENSELF 40), 3) Scale MM1 for measuring Machiavellianism and 4) Scales of value orientations - General activism and Social activism. Mathematical classification of the examined manifest variables into a smaller number of latent variables, which explain most of the common variance of variables, was performed by factor analysis discriminant analysis. Determining the relationship between respondents' personality traits, as a set of independent variables, and latent variables of respondents' attitudes towards military career progress, as a set of dependent variables, was performed using canonical correlation analysis. Professional advancement was determined by regression analysis, while the Chi-square of the test dependence of the two categorical variables was used to examine the correlation between the two categorical variables from the set of attitudes about career advancement. By confirming all five particular hypotheses of the dissertation, the general hypothesis of this research was proved that the manifest forms of attitudes of members of the Serbian Army can be explained by smaller groups of latent dimensions (factors) and that they are statistically significantly related to specific socio-demographic characteristics and personality traits. The structure of attitudes and decisions on professional advancement in the military environment has been determined, and an integral model of factors influencing the decision - making process on professional advancement in the Serbian Army Forces (Model) has been proposed. The specificity of the proposed Model is that it concretizes the crucial factors for deciding on professional advancement in the military environment: Objective circumstances and personal attitude, Family and environmental factors, Suitability of advancement in military service and Cyberspace. The special significance of the Model is reflected in defining the structure of attitudes about professional advancement as well as the structure of the decision on professional advancement, based on which it is possible to more precisely influence the attitudes of members of the Serbian Army Forces on career advancement and making a favorable decision on advancement. The proposed Model defines the conditions for creating an environment in which it will be possible to harmonize the needs of the military organization and the needs of its members, which is a significant difference from the approaches to employee development described in modern literature, based on ". Formal education, 2. Assessment, 3. Work experience and 4. Interpersonal relationships .. "(Noe et al., 2005). The research results showed that the most important is the cognitive, then the conative component of attitude, as determinants of decision-making on professional advancement, while the emotional component is the least important. Also, the possibility of cyberspace's influence on deciding on career advancement has been empirically determined. The dissertation results on determining the structure of attitudes related to professional advancement indicate that research should be continued influencing behavior change through other components of Eisen's Theory of Planned Behavior. The research could also be continued with Serbian Army Forces members about their expectations if they decide on career advancement. The research should include subjective norms, i.e., determining social pressure and the social environment structure to implement certain behaviors

Quality of Fermented, Semi-dry and Pasteurised Sausages on Croatian Market

U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja kemijskog sastava trajnih, polutrajnih i obarenih kobasica proizvedenih tijekom 2009. godine od strane više mesnih industrija. U cilju ispitivanja kakvoće, u uzorcima kobasica određena je količina bjelančevina mesa, sirovih masti, vode te aditiva natrijevog nitrita i polifosfata, uz uporabu standardnih analitičkih metoda. Usporedbom rezultata analiza trajnih kobasica s minimalnim uvjetima, koje za navedenu kategoriju proizvoda definiraju pravilnici, utvrđeno je da svi ispitani proizvodi u pogledu kemijskog sastava udovoljavaju propisanim uvjetima. U tri uzorka polutrajnih kobasica (šunkarica) utvrđen je manji udjel bjelančevina mesa u odnosu na propisano, u trinaest uzoraka polutrajnih kobasica određen je sadržaj polifosfata iznad najveće dopuštene količine te je u jednom uzorku određena povišena razina natrijevog nitrita (tirolska kobasica). Svi uzorci obarenih kobasica udovoljavali su zahtjevima pravilnika, a u pogledu razine aditiva prosječno su sadržavali veću količinu u odnosu na trajne kobasice, osobito u pogledu razine natrijevog nitrita. Rezultati ovog ispitivanja govore i da su trajne kobasice, s obzirom na utvrđene vrijednosti parametara kakvoće, najkvalitetniji kobasičarski proizvod na našem tržištu.This paper presents results of chemical composition testing of fermented, semi-dry and pasteurised sausages produced during 2009 by several meat industries. Quality control testing, in sausage samples, included determination of meat protein, crude fat, moisture, sodium nitrate and polyphosphates content, by mean of standard analytical methods. In comparison of fermented sausages analyses results, with minimum requirements that are set forth in regulations for that product category it was affirmed that all analyzed samples meet a requirements. In three semi-dry sausage samples, lower meat protein content was determined, in thirteen semi-dry sausage samples, higher content of polyphosphates was determined and in one sample a higher content of sodium nitrite was determined. All pasteurised sausage samples met the requirements, and towards additives content they had a higher values than fermented sausages. Results of this investigation have shown that fermented sausages are, according to quality control parameters, most quality sausage product on our market

The Incidence of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Cereals and Methods of their Reduction Practice by the Food Industry

T-2 toxin and its major metabolite HT-2 toxin are type A trichothecene mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium moulds, present mainly in cereals and cereal-based products. The studies quoted under this chapter bring data on the incidence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in unprocessed cereals (n = 285) harvested in Croatia during a two-year period. They also demonstrate the influence of certain thermal food processing methods on the reduction of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in naturally contaminated cereals. In analysed cereals, the highest percentage of T-2- and HT-2-positive samples was determined in oat samples (56.9%), followed by triticale (34.5%), maize (32.1%) and barley samples (22.7%), whereas the highest mean (94.8 ± 63.7 μg/kg) and maximal concentration (420 μg/kg) of the toxins in reference were determined in maize. The summary T-2/HT-2 concentrations found in one maize and one triticale sample were higher than the indicative levels, necessitating further sampling and investigations of conditions under which the production of these toxins takes place. Thermal food processing in terms of roasting (which enabled 28.8–54.4%-toxin reduction) and especially extrusion (which enabled 73.0–92.5%-toxin reduction) efficiently reduces T-2/HT-2 levels, whereas cooking does not significantly aid in their reduction (< 10%-toxin reduction achieved)

The possibility of the cyberspace impact on career decision-making progress

Nedostatak spremnosti uključivanja u proces odlučivanja smatra se jednom od najznačajnijih poteškoća u donošenju odluka o karijeri. U ovom radu govori se o mogućnosti uticaja sajber prostora na donošenje odluka o karijernom napredovanju, jer je on postao deo svakodnevnog životnog okruženja. Cilj rada jeste da se, na osnovu rezultata istraživanja opisanih u literaturi, utvrdi mogućnost izvođenja prijateljskih operacija uticaja iz sajber prostora, zasnovanih na psihološkim teorijama, radi uticaja na donošenje odluka o karijernom napredovanju. U radu je utvrđeno postojanje teorijskih osnova i rezultata praktičnih istraživanja koji ukazuju na moguće načine izvođenja operacije uticaja iz sajber prostora na donošenje odluke o karijernom napredovanju. Na osnovu toga, predložena je definicija prijateljske operacije uticaja iz sajber prostora. Ukazano je na značaj pojma sajber ličnost u procesu izbora ciljne grupe operacije uticaja iz sajber prostora i na njegovu ulogu u stvaranju uslova za izvođenje operacije uticaja iz sajber prostora za potrebe hibridnog ratovanja.Human resources play an important role in the life cycle of any organization and in its interaction with the external environment. The disadvantages and advantages of the internal environment are mainly manifested through the part of human resources that directly affects the behavior of the organization. Proper staff selection and career management directly affect the organization, its internal environment and position in the external environment. Employee career management also means creating an environment in which individuals make decisions about career advancement. Lack of willingness to engage in the decision-making process is considered one of the most significant difficulties in making career decisions. In the last ten years, the modern environment for living and working has inevitably encountered cyberspace. The most significant and influential forms of cyberspace in real life are the Internet, social networks and mobile phones. Mobile phones provide Internet access to customers anywhere and anytime, while the Internet provides access to social networks. The average cyberspace user has access to a large amount of data and information that can disrupt or slow him down in decision-making, and even in the career decision process. Social network users have the opportunity to be informed in real time about important events in the environment, as well as about the activities and reactions of important people that can influence their behavior. The subject of this paper is the possibility of the cyberspace influence on career decision because cyberspace has become a part of everyday living space. The aim of this paper was, based on the results of research described in the literature, to determine the possibility of performing friendly influence operations from cyberspace, based on psychological theories, in order to influence decision-making on career advancement. The paper confirms that cyberspace can be used to influence the career decision by performing friendly influence operations based on psychological theories of decision - making and influence. Friendly influence operations in cyberspace are defined as activities of individuals or organizations in cyberspace consciously aimed at trying to change the attitudes and behavior of individuals, small or large groups of people in order to achieve their or their well-being work and / or living environment. The Theory of Planned Behavior has been proposed as a theoretical basis for achieving a friendly influence operation. As the most appropriate ways of approaching the target group of the influence operation on career decision in cyberspace, e-mail is proposed in the paper for submitting personalized affirmative material on career advancement in electronic form, and sending informative and so-called social messages via social networks. The importance of the term cyber personality in the process of selecting the target group of cyberspace impact operations and its role in creating conditions for performing cyberspace impact operations for the needs of hybrid warfare is pointed out

The eff ect of subchronic ractopamine treatment on chemical composition and levels of remains in pig meat

Sažetak Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je ispitati učinak β-adrenergičkog agonista raktopamina na kemijski sastav svinjskog mesa te uvrditi razine ostataka koji se u njemu kumuliraju nakon primjene anaboličkog tretmana na svinjama kao pokusnim životinjama.Raktopamin je primjenjen peroralno u subkroničnoj dozi od 0,1 mg/kg tjelesne težine svakodnevno tijekom 28 dana. Po završetku tretmana, u uzorcima mesa uzorkovanim od tretiranih životinja prvog, trećeg i osmog dana nakon primjene, te uzorcima kontrolnih životinja, ispitan je kemijski sastav određivanjem udjela vode bjelančevina, masti i kolagena. Primjenom imunoenzimske metode u uzorcima mesa određene su i koncentracije ostataka raktopamina. Rezultati istraživanja nisu ukazali na značajne promjene u kemijskom sastavu mesa tretiranih životinja te je utvrđena slaba kumulacija ostataka raktopamina u mesu sa vršnim srednjim vrijednostima koncentracija od 391±62 ng/kg i 450±65 ng/kg prvog dana nakon primjene. Trećeg i osmog dana koncentracije raktopamina u svim analiziranim uzorcima imale su vrijednosti podjednake limitu detekcije (300 ng/kg) ispitne metode ili ostaci nisu detektirani.The aim of this paper was to research the eff ect of β-adrenergic antagonist ractopamine on chemical composition of pig meat and to determine the level of accumulated remains after applying anabolic treatment on pigs as experimental animals. The treatment was conducted by oral use of subchronic dose of ractopamine of 0.1 mg/kg of body weight daily during the period of 28 days. At the end of the treatment, a chemical composition was researched by determining shares of water, raw proteins, fat and collagen in the meat sampled from the treated animals on the fi rst, third and eighth day after the treatment and on samples of control animals as well, by using standard methods of analysis. By using a validated immunoenzymatic method in meat samples, concentrations of ractopamine remains were determined. Research results haven’t pointed to signifi cant changes in the chemical composition of meat of the treated animals and a weak cumulation of ractopamine remains in meat with peak mean concentration values from 391±62 ng/kg and 450±65 ng/kg on the fi rst day after the treatment. On the third and eighth day after the treatment, ractopamine concentration values in all the analyzed samples were equal to detection limit (300 ng/kg) of the test method or the remains weren’t detected

Kemijski sastav i profil masnih kiselina mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine koza iz Bosne i Hercegovine

Interest in the production and sale of goat milk products has been growing over the past 20 years. The chemical composition of goat milk, which greatly affects its nutritional and therapeutic value, makes its products more acceptable to consumers. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Alpine and Saanen goat milk. The results showed that there were differences in certain chemical components between the milk of these two breeds. Protein, fat and ash content in Alpine goat milk was 4.53 g/100 g, 4.65 g/100 g and 0.94 g/100 g, respectively, and these values were higher than in Saanen goat milk (3.64 g/100 g, 3.20 g/100 g and 0.88 g/100 g, respectively). Differences in the fatty acid profile were also observed. Despite being kept under different breeding regimes, no statistically significant differences were observed in the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between breeds. Although there was no difference in total SFA content, there was less palmitic acid (C16:0), as the predominant fatty acid in goat milk, in Alpine (26.94 g/100 g of fat) than in Saanen goat milk (28.60 g/100 g of fat). Unlike SFA and PUFA content, differences were observed in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), with 22.8 g/100 g of fat in Alpine goat milk and 24.0 g/100 g of fat in Saanen goat milk. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the implemented breeding regimes in different geographical areas with different pasture, together with genetic factors of breeds, greatly affect the goat milk chemical composition and fatty acid profile.Interes za proizvodnju kozjeg mlijeka i proizvode od kozjeg mlijeka u stalnom je porastu tijekom posljednjih 20 godina. Kemijski sastav kozjeg mlijeka, koji uvelike utječe na njegovu hranjivu vrijednost, zajedno s terapijskom vrijednošću, čini kozje mlijeko i proizvode od kozjeg mlijeka prihvatljivijim za potrošače. Cilj ove studije bio je usporediti kemijski sastav i profil masnih kiselina kozjeg mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine koza. Rezultati su pokazali da postoje razlike u određenim kemijskim komponentama kozjeg mlijeka alpske i sanske pasmine. Sadržaj bjelančevina, masti i pepela u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina iznosio je 4,53 g/100 g, 4,65 g/100 g i 0,94 g/100 g, a njihov sadržaj bio je veći nego u kozjem mlijeku sanske pasmine (3,64 g/100 g, 3,20 g/100 g, odnosno 0,88 g/100 g). Uočene su i razlike u profilu masnih kiselina. Iako su koze držane u različitim uzgojnim režimima, nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u ukupnom sadržaju zasićenih masnih kiselina (SFA) i polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) između istraživanih pasmina. Iako nije bilo razlike u ukupnom sadržaju SFA između dviju pasmina, sadržaj palmitinske kiseline (C16:0), prevladavajuće masna kiselina u kozjem mlijeku, bio je niži u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina (26,94 g/100 g masti) nego u mlijeku sanske pasmine koza (28,60 g/100 g masti). Za razliku od sadržaja SFA i PUFA, uočena je razlika u sadržaju ukupnih mononezasićenih masnih kiselina (MUFA). Ukupni sadržaj MUFA u kozjem mlijeku pasmine alpina iznosio je 22,8 g/100 g masti, a u kozjem mlijeku sanske pasmine 24,0 g/100 g masti. Na temelju ovih rezultata može se zaključiti da sustavi uzgoja koji se provode na različitim zemljopisnim područjima s različitom ispašom, zajedno s genetskim čimbenicima različitih pasmina koza, znatno utječu na kemijski sastav kozjeg mlijeka i profil masnih kiselina