Mesoscopic multiterminal Josephson structures: I. Effects of nonlocal weak coupling

We investigate nonlocal coherent transport in ballistic four-terminal Josephson structures (where bulk superconductors (terminals) are connected through a clean normal layer, e.g., a two-dimensional electron gas). Coherent anisotropic superposition of macroscopic wave functions of the superconductors in the normal region produces phase slip lines (2D analogs to phase slip centres) and time-reversal symmetry breaking 2D vortex states in it, as well as such effects as phase dragging and magnetic flux transfer. The tunneling density of local Andreev states in the normal layer was shown to contain peaks at the positions controlled by the phase differences between the terminals. We have obtained general dependence of these effects on the controlling supercurrent/phase differences between the terminals of the ballistic mesoscopic four-terminal SQUID.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure

Quasiclassical calculation of spontaneous current in restricted geometries

Calculation of current and order parameter distribution in inhomogeneous superconductors is often based on a self-consistent solution of Eilenberger equations for quasiclassical Green's functions. Compared to the original Gorkov equations, the problem is much simplified due to the fact that the values of Green's functions at a given point are connected to the bulk ones at infinity (boundary values) by ``dragging'' along the classical trajectories of quasiparticles. In finite size systems, where classical trajectories undergo multiple reflections from surfaces and interfaces, the usefulness of the approach is no longer obvious, since there is no simple criterion to determine what boundary value a trajectory corresponds to, and whether it reaches infinity at all. Here, we demonstrate the modification of the approach based on the Schophol-Maki transformation, which provides the basis for stable numerical calculations in 2D. We apply it to two examples: generation of spontaneous currents and magnetic moments in isolated islands of d-wave superconductor with subdominant order-parameters s and d_{xy}, and in a grain boundary junction between two arbitrarily oriented d-wave superconductors. Both examples are relevant to the discussion of time-reversal symmetry breaking in unconventional superconductors, as well as for application in quantum computing.Comment: 6 pages, Submitted for publication in the proceedings of MS+S2002 conference, Japa

Decoherence in adiabatic quantum computation

We have studied the decoherence properties of adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) in the presence of in general non-Markovian, e.g., low-frequency, noise. The developed description of the incoherent Landau-Zener transitions shows that the global AQC maintains its properties even for decoherence larger than the minimum gap at the anticrossing of the two lowest energy levels. The more efficient local AQC, however, does not improve scaling of the computation time with the number of qubits $n$ as in the decoherence-free case. The scaling improvement requires phase coherence throughout the computation, limiting the computation time and the problem size n.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, published versio

Continuous Monitoring of Rabi Oscillations in a Josephson Flux Qubit

Under resonant irradiation, a quantum system can undergo coherent (Rabi) oscillations in time. We report evidence for such oscillations in a _continuously_ observed three-Josephson-junction flux qubit, coupled to a high-quality tank circuit tuned to the Rabi frequency. In addition to simplicity, this method of_Rabi spectroscopy_ enabled a long coherence time of about 2.5 microseconds, corresponding to an effective qubit quality factor \~7000.Comment: REVTeX4, 4pp., 4 EPS figure files. v3: changed title, fixed typos; final, to appear in PR

Theory of pinning in a Superconducting Thin Film Pierced by a Ferromagnetic Columnar Defect

This is an analytical study of pinning and spontaneous vortex phase is a system consisting of a superconducting thin film pierced by a long ferromagnetic columnar defect of finite radius $R$. The magnetic fields, screening currents, energy and pinning forces for this system are calculated. The interaction between the magnetic field of vortices and the magnetization outside the plane of the film and its close proximity enhances vortex pinning significantly. Spontaneous vortex phase appears when the magnetization of the columnar defect is increased above a critical value. Transitions between phases characterized by different number of flux quanta are also studied. These results are generalized to the case when the superconductor is pierced by an array of columnar defects.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

The survey of the effect of ginger extract on gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Units

Background and purpose: Delayed gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated patients is common. According to evidences, Ginger can accelerate gastric emptying. This study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract on gastric residual volume of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with before and after schematization, 24 mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in ICUs were divided into two groups, intervention group (12 patients) and control group (n = 12) after matching for sex and severity of disease. After 48 hours of feeding with a standard gavage solution, the intervention group received 120mg of ginger extract in 4 days and the control group received 5 ml water as placebo in 4 days. The mean residual volume was recorded in the fifth and the sixth days. Data analysis was done with independent and paired T-tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean residual volume in the first 48 hours was not significantly different between the groups. But after 48 hours of starting treatment, the average of mean and standard deviation of the residual volume in the fifth and sixth days were (24.58±16.81) in intervention group and (108.33±15.09) in control group that according to the Independent T-test showed a significant difference (P <0.0001). Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that ginger extract reduces gastric residual volume in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalized in intensive care units compared with placebo. © 2013 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved

Peran Camat dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Lahan di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan Tahun 2012

The research present describe the rules of head district in .finished the conflict of land in Pangkalan Kuras District Pelalawan Regency in 2012. This conflict was begin when the Surya Bratasena Company was operated in Pangkalan Kuras. Cooperation form that negotiated by Surya Bratasena Company are plasma inti garden with the 3 village likes Terantang Manuk, Dundangan and Palas Village.The research use the methode are qualitative methodes that analyze problem research by describe the subject and object conditions based on real fact. This research use location in Pangkalan Kuras district Pelalawan Regency and researcher collect data from books, government regulation, jurnal, mass media, website and deep interview with Pangkalan Kuras Head of District, Terantang Manuk, Palas and Dundangan Head of village and Society in Pangkalan Kuras.The conclution of this research are the rules of head district in .finished the conflict of land in Pangkalan Kuras District Pelalawan Regency with coordination and mediation with the group that have a conflict likes Dundangan, Terantang Manuk and Palas Head of Village. In others Pangkalan Kuras Head of District also has done the mediation with create a discussion with Surya Bratasena Company and Pangkalan Kuras society.Keywords: rules, Head of district, conflict and land

Quantum Nondemolition Charge Measurement of a Josephson Qubit

In a qubit system, the measurement operator does not necessarily commute with the qubit Hamiltonian, so that the readout process demolishes (mixes) the qubit energy eigenstates. The readout time is therefore limited by such a mixing time and its fidelity will be reduced. A quantum nondemolition readout scheme is proposed in which the charge of a flux qubit is measured. The measurement operator is shown to commute with the qubit Hamiltonian in the reduced two-level Hilbert space, even though the Hamiltonian contains non-commuting charge and flux terms.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, a paragraph added to describe how the scheme works in charge regim

A comparison of 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine with 3% Mepivacaine in inferior alveolar nerve block

The purpose of this study was evaluation of anesthesia success rate of 3% mepivacaine compared with 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block in thirty voluntary students. All of the subjects were healthy and had not received any medicament. They pariticipated for two appointments and each time randomly received an inferior alveolar nerve injection with one of the anesthetic solutions. Before anesthesia the first molar, second premolar, and canine teeth were tested with electric pulp tester (EPT). After injection, when subjects felt numbness in inferior lip, the time for starting of anesthesia was recorded according to schedule time from 3 to 49 minutes after lip numbness. When teeth had no response to EPT in maximal output, the pupal anesthesia was achieved. The t paired test was used for data analysis. Results showed that although subjects felt numbness in their lips, anesthetic success was defined only 76.6% in molars, 73.3% in premolars, and 66.7% in canine teeth after injection of mepivacaine. Success was defined 66.7% & 76.7% in molars and premolars and 53.3% in canine teeth when 2% lidocaine 1/80000 epinephrine was administered. No statistically significant difference was found in onset, success or failure rate between both anesthetic solutions in lidocaine group, however, premolar and molar teeth showed significant differences with canine teeth. Keywords: Inferior alveolar nerve block, Lidocaine, Mepivacain