Le politiche pubbliche di lotta alla povertà: processi attuativi ed impatti dei nuovi schemi di reddito minimo in Emilia-Romagna. Sostegno per l’inclusione attiva (SIA), Reddito di inclusione (REI) e Reddito di solidarietà (RES)

La tesi analizza i processi di implementazione e gli impatti delle nuove politiche di contrasto alla povertà in Emilia Romagna (Sostegno per l'inclusione attiva - Sia; Reddito di inclusione - Rei; Reddito di solidarietà - Res). La ricerca è condotta tramite analisi documentale; analisi dei dati; osservazione sul campo e lavoro sociale; interviste non strutturate; sessanta studi di caso seguiti ognuno per un periodo non inferiore a sei mesi; un questionario di 70 domande inviato a 204 assistenti sociali sul territorio regionale; un questionario di 41 domande inviato a tutti gli ambiti distrettuali sociali dell'Emilia Romagna. A livello teorico fa riferimento agli studi sull'implementazione delle politiche pubbliche e sulla street level bureaucracy

La progettazione personalizzata nelle nuove misure di contrasto alla povert\ue0 (RES-REI) in Emilia-Romagna: Ottanta studi di caso

The paper deals with the implementation of the new measures of minimum income in a Northern Region in Italy (Emilia-Romagna). The Inclusion income (Rei) and the Solidarity income (Res) both provide a cash transfer conditioned to the agreement on a project to activate their recipients. Focusing on 80 case studies, this paper underscores interesting clues on the effects of these projects on work and social inclusion status of recipients

H&E and OCT4/CD34 for the assessment of lympho-vascular invasion in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a relevant prognostic factor in germ cell tumors of the testis (GCTT), and it is included in the pT stage. However, its detection on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides is very challenging, and previous studies reported fair to moderate inter-observer agreement among dedicated uropathologists. In the present study, we tested H&E and a recently developed in-house double staining for OCT4/CD34 to detect LVI in GCTT. Methods: Nine authors [5 non-uropathologists and 4 uropathologists] independently evaluated 34 consecutive and retrospectively enrolled cases of GCTT. We assessed the inter-observer agreement (Fleiss's Kappa) with both H&E and OCT4/CD34. Besides, we compared the consensus diagnosis on both H&E and OCT4/CD34-stained sections with the original diagnosis to evaluate the pT re-staging (McNemar test) and identify the sources of disagreement. Results: The inter-observer agreement among uropathologists plus non-uropathologists was fair with both H&E (KF=0.398; p < 0.001) and OCT4/CD34 (KF=0.312; p < 0.001). OCT4/CD34 (KF=0.290; p < 0.001) slightly reduces the inter-observer agreement compared to H&E (KF=0.321; p < 0.001) for non-uropathologists; in contrast, OCT4/CD34 (KF=0.293; p < 0.001) significantly reduces the inter-observer agreement compared to H&E (KF=0.529; p < 0.001) for uropathologists, changing it from moderate to fair. Consensus diagnosis with H&E modified the LVI status of the original diagnosis in 8/34 (23.5 %) cases (p: 0.070), with pT re-staging in 2/34 (5.9 %) cases (p: 0.500). Consensus diagnosis with OCT4/CD34 modified the LVI status of the original diagnosis in 8/34 (23.5 %) cases (p: 0.289), with pT re-staging in 3/34 (8.8 %) cases (p: 0.250). The consensus diagnosis with OCT4/CD34 modified the consensus diagnosis with H&E in 8/34 (23.5 %) cases (p: 0.727), and these findings resulted in pT-restaging in 3/34 (8.8 %) cases (p: 0.500). The sources of disagreement among uropathologists were: H&E [artefactual clefts misinterpreted as LVI in 4/6 (66.7 %) cases and true foci of LVI misinterpreted as clusters of histiocytes within the vessels in 2/6 (33.3 %) cases], OCT4/CD34 [artefactual clefts misinterpreted as LVI in 2/8 (25 %) cases, true LVI misinterpreted as artefactual clefts in 2/8 (25 %) cases or floaters in 4/8 (50 %) cases]. Conclusions: OCT4/CD34 does not improve the inter-observer agreement for the assessment of LVI in OCT4(+) GCTT. Consensus diagnosis with H&E modifies the LVI status in a significant number of cases, resulting in changes of the pT stage in a relatively small subgroup. Consensus diagnosis with OCT4/CD34 provides little additional benefit since it cannot exclude mimickers of LVI such as floaters and artefactual clefts. These results argue against the adoption of this diagnostic tool for the routine assessment of OCT4(+) GCTT

Law 328/2000: urban governance and public-private relations in the city of Rome from the welfare reform to today

Since the 1980s, a change in the socio-economic conditions that characterized the previous thirty years of prosperity has been registered throughout Europe. Different welfare systems have been put under various pressures and taken a range of directions in response to change: the private sector has been given an increasing role. The reform of Italian welfare - law n. 328 of 2000 - draws up a system of social policies and services based on a subsidiarity between public and private sectors. This institutional construction presupposes the public’s ability to manage the overall governance of the system - programming, direction, regulation, integration, and control - without incurring the risks prevalent in the private interests, upon the social rights of citizenship. This article intends to investigate how law 328 has been applied at the Roman city level since the time of its approval to the current day. In particular, the ability of public players to plan policies and manage the overall system of governance, along with the role of the third sector in the light of the new regulatory framework created by the reform are discussed

Voting or non-voting? Electoral participation and socio-economic influence in the Italian Lazio Region

Several theories, sometimes opposite ones, have contributed to enrich the analysis and investigate the root causes of people’s disaffection towards participating in elections. Literature identifies many possible variables affecting the vote: institutional, economic, social and cultural factors, such as inertia or mistrust, as well as physical and administrative obstacles. The paper focuses on socio- economic factors and inspects the relationship between non-voting and some socio-economic indicators in Lazio Region. Here the phenomenon of non-voting has shown a constant increase since the end of the seventies. A first diachronic analysis has been conducted at an aggregate regional level, but the limited number of available regional observations led to no significant results. Consequently, in order to establish the link between voters’ participation and 99 socio-economic indicators from Istat 2011 census, a second synchronic analysis has been carried out at a disaggregated level in the 378 municipalities of Lazio

La progettazione personalizzata nelle nuove misure di contrasto alla povertà (RES-REI) in Emilia-Romagna. Ottanta studi di caso

The paper deals with the implementation of the new measures of minimum income in a Northern Region in Italy (Emilia-Romagna). The Inclusion income (Rei) and the Solidarity income (Res) both provide a cash transfer conditioned to the agreement on a project to activate their recipients. Focusing on 80 case studies, this paper underscores interesting clues on the effects of these projects on work and social inclusion status of recipients

Antitumor IgE adjuvanticity : key role of Fc epsilon RI

Working with C57BL/6 mouse tumor models, we had previously demonstrated that vaccination with IgE-coated tumor cells can protect against tumor challenge, an observation that supports the involvement of IgE in antitumor immunity. The adjuvant effect of IgE was shown to result from eosinophil-dependent priming of the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. The protective effect is likely to be mediated by the interaction of tumor cell-bound IgE with receptors, which then trigger the release of mediators, recruitment of effector cells, cell killing and tumor Ag cross-priming. It was therefore of utmost importance to demonstrate the strict dependence of the protective effect on IgE receptor activation. First, the protective effect of IgE was confirmed in a BALB/c tumor model, in which IgE-loaded modified VV Ankara-infected tumor cells proved to be an effective cellular vaccine. However, the protective effect was lost in Fc(epsilon)RIalpha(-/-) (but not in CD23(-/-)) knockout mice, showing the IgE-Fc(epsilo)nRI interaction to be essential. Moreover, human IgE (not effective in BALB/c mice) had a protective effect in the humanized knockin mouse (Fc(epsilon)RIalpha(-/-) hFc(epsilon)RIalpha(+)). This finding suggests that the adjuvant effect of IgE could be exploited for human therapeutics