Using the compensating and equivalent variations to define the Slutsky Equation under a discrete price change

In our experience, all textbook presentations of the Slutsky Equation under a discrete price change use a compensation scheme based on the compensating variation. Our students have sensed this convention is arbitrary in that they have asked, why consider this compensation scheme, and not one based on the equivalent variation? The present paper outlines how one might address this matter analytically, and then discusses how our findings provide a new insight into the Giffen Paradox.Compensating Variation

Two degree of freedom camera mount

A two degree of freedom camera mount. The camera mount includes a socket, a ball, a first linkage and a second linkage. The socket includes an interior surface and an opening. The ball is positioned within an interior of the socket. The ball includes a coupling point for rotating the ball relative to the socket and an aperture for mounting a camera. The first and second linkages are rotatably connected to the socket and slidably connected to the coupling point of the ball. Rotation of the linkages with respect to the socket causes the ball to rotate with respect to the socket

Robotic system

A robot having a plurality of interconnected sections is disclosed. Each of the sections includes components which are moveable relative to components of an adjacent section. A plurality of electric motors are operably connected to at least two of said relatively moveable components to effect relative movement. A fitted, removable protective covering surrounds the sections to protect the robot

Stuck at home in a cold home: the implications of Covid-19 for the fuel poor

Policies to address the impact of Covid-19 on low income energy consumers have rightly focussed on energy bills, particularly in the context of home confinement and increased energy consumption. In the longer term, however, we need policies to improve home energy standards. The evidence shows that higher standards reduce the risk of getting a respiratory illness, improve the health of those already with a respiratory illness, improve the ability of our immune systems to fight off illness and reduce the use of health services

Distribution and Population Status of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Interior Alaska

We summarize information available on natural history, numbers, distribution, and status of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in six regions of interior Alaska: Upper Yukon, Lower Yukon, Tanana, Kuskokwim, Susitna, and Upper Copper. We identified 347 nesting territories using information from local researchers, a raptor nest atlas, unpublished raptor survey reports, and our own surveys. Nearly 85% of these territories were from the Copper, Susitna, and Tanana drainages. Extrapolating from the number of known nests and approximate survey coverage per drainage, we estimate that 525 to 725 pairs of bald eagles nest in interior Alaska. Observations also suggest that this population has increased substantially since the middle fo this century and that numbers in some areas continue to increase. Reasons for these increases may include (1) improving health of individuals in this population; (2) reduced persecution in Alaska and in wintering areas outside the state; (3) immigration into interior Alaska from rebounding or expanding populations elsewhere; and (4) changing environmental conditions (e.g., warmer temperatures). Banding and migration data suggest that part of the population that nests north of the Alaska Range may winter in areas different from those used by populations that nest south of the Alaska Range. No environmental contaminants measured in eggs occurred at concentrations known to result in sublethal or lethal effects, and most organochlorine pesticide and mercury concentrations were an order of magnitude lower than concentrations in bald eagle eggs elsewhere in the United States.On fait la synthèse de l'information disponible sur l'histoire naturelle, l'inventaire, la distribution et le statut du pygargue à tête blanche (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) dans six régions de l'intérieur de l'Alaska: le Haut-Yukon, le Bas-Yukon, la Tanana, la Kuskokwim, la Copper supérieure et la Susitna. En utilisant l'information obtenue auprès de chercheurs locaux, un atlas sur les nids de rapaces, des rapports d'enquêtes non publiés sur les rapaces et nos propres enquêtes, on a identifié 347 territoires de nidification. Près de 85 p. cent de ces territoires se trouvaient dans les bassins de la Copper, de la Susitna et de la Tanana. En extrapolant à partir du nombre de nids connus et de la superficie approximative d'enquête pour chaque bassin hydrographique, on pense que de 525 à 725 paires de pygargues à tête blanche nichent dans l'intérieur de l'Alaska. Des observations suggèrent également que cette population a augmenté considérablement depuis le milieu du siècle et que les nombres continuent d'augmenter dans certaines régions. Plusieurs raisons expliquent ces augmentations, parmi lesquelles 1) une amélioration de la santé des individus dans cette population; 2) une persécution moindre en Alaska et dans les gîtes d'hivernage en dehors de l'État; 3) une immigration vers l'intérieur de l'Alaska de populations en train de reprendre le dessus ou de se développer; et 4) une évolution des conditions environnementales (réchauffement de la température p. ex.). Les données de baguage et de migration suggèrent qu'une partie de la population nichant au nord de la chaîne de l'Alaska hiverne peut-être dans d'autres régions que celles utilisées par les populations nichant au sud de cette chaîne. Aucun contaminant environnemental mesuré dans les oeufs n'était présent à une concentration connue pour des effets sublétaux ou létaux, et la plupart des concentrations de pesticides organochlorés et de mercure étaient un ordre de grandeur plus basses que les concentrations présentes dans les oeufs du pygargue à tête blanche ailleurs aux États-Unis

The contemporary landscape of fuel poverty research

A key aim of this special issue has been to showcase the breadth of approaches to fuel poverty research emanating from a growing international community of fuel poverty researchers and in doing so, to promote awareness of the range of disciplinary areas influencing contemporary fuel poverty research. Overcoming established disciplinary and methodological siloes represents a considerable challenge for the future of the field and may be key to offering those in policy and practice the clarity and comprehensive insights that they need to fully understand and respond effectively to the problem