The Potency of Nanocurcuminoid of Temulawak as A Preventive Agent for Lipid Peroxidation on Inflammation in Rats

The formation of prostaglandins and free radicals in the body occurs in response to inflammation. The use of non-steroidal synthetic drugs to overcome the effects of free radicals often causes harmful side effects to the body. Natural ingredients that have high antioxidant potential, such as curcumin, ginger are expected to overcome this problem. This study aims to measure the antioxidant potential of ginger nanocurcuminoid preparations coated with palmitic acid, by observing the lipid peroxide profile in the liver of inflammatory Spague-Dawley rats. SpagueDawley mice were induced with 1% carrageenan to trigger inflammation, then the lipid peroxide levels were measured after 24 hours. Measurement of lipid peroxide levels was carried out using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 532 nm. The size of the nanocurcuminoid preparation coated with palmitic acid was 561.53 nm with an IP value of 0.309. Lipid peroxide levels in the curcuminoid extract group at a dose of 100 mg / kg BW and the nanocurcuminoid group at a dose of 250 mg / kg BW were 0.27x10-4 nmol / g and 1.22 x10-4 nmol / g respectively. These showed that the antioxidant potential of temulawak nanocurcuminoids at a dose of 250 mg / kg BW was 114 times higher than that of curcuminoid extract at a dose of 100 mg / kg BW

Characterization and Bioactivity Test of Pectin from Musa balbisiana Peel Extracted using Various Acid Solvents

Banana (Musaceaea) is one of the highest production fruits in Indonesia, which amounted to 7,162,685 tons in 2017. Banana peel waste produced can reach 40% of the total production of fresh bananas. Kepok banana peel contains a lot of nutrients and pectin. Pectin levels in banana peel ranged from 1.92% to 3.25% of dry weight. This study aims to characterize pectin from kepok banana peel (Musa balbisiana) extracted using nitric acid, citric acid, and HCl and screening potential of pectin bioactivity based on LC50 values. The highest pectin yield was obtained from extraction using pH 4 citrate buffer which was 3.68 ± 1.23%. In general, the characteristics of the best pectin from kepok banana peel are pectin extracted with HNO3 pH 4 with methoxyl degree 3.74 ± 0.34%, galacturonate content 87.64 ± 8.36%, and esterification degree 24.24 ± 0.098%. Based on the LC50 value the pectin extraction results can be classified into two, namely commercial pectin and pectin HCl pH 1.5 which is low bioactivity (LC50 > 100 ppm), and pH 4 HNO3 pectin and pH 4 citrate buffer pectin which has high bioactivity (LC50 ≤ 30 ppm).   Keywords: Cytotoxicity, galakturonat, kepok banana pectin, methoxy

Potential Indonesian Natural Compound as antiviral for COVID-19 targeting the RdRp: In silico Study

Research related to SARS-CoV-2 drugs is still ongoing. In this initial research, we perform a computational approach on SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is one of the functional proteins in SARS-CoV-2 that can be a target for drug development, which has an essential function in the viral replication process synthesizing the RNA genome of the virus. This study used the RdRp-Remdesivir complex structure from RCSB with ID PDB 7BV2, with a resolution of 2.5 Å. Currently, Remdesivir is under the clinical trial phase as a Covid-19 drug. In this study, we tested a thousand natural Indonesian compounds used as SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors obtained from the Indonesian natural compounds database (HerbalDB). The first stage of this computational analysis was pharmacophore modeling structure-based drug design. The natural compounds were analyzed based on their steric and electronic similarities to Remdesivir. A molecular docking simulation was then performed to obtain binding energy and bond stability to produce natural compounds that can inhibit RdRp SARS-CoV-2. The final stage was the molecular dynamics simulation that explored the conformational space of natural compounds and proteins. The ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) test was carried out on the five best compounds to obtain these natural compounds' computational pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. The simulation identified Sotetsuflavone (CID: 5494868) from Cycas revoluta, Grossamide (CID: 5322012) from Cannabis sativa, and 6-Hydroxyluteolin-6,7-disulfate (CID: 13845917) from Lippia nodiflora are the best compounds that can inhibit RdRp SARS-CoV-2. These potential compounds can then be tested in-vitro and in-vivo in the future. &nbsp

Antihyperglicemic Activity of Curcuma Xanthorrizha Roxb. Nanocurcuminoid Emulsion on Streptozotocin Induced Sprague-Dawley Rat

Curcuminoid, a natural compound isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza RoxB (Temulawak) has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-hyperglicemic properties. The curcuminoid is weakly soluble in water that restricts its bioavailability. This problem could be overcome by incorporating curcuminoid into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Nanocurcuminoid was prepare by using homogenization-ultra sonication methods. Nanocurcuminoid obtained in this study was 523.5 nm in size and polydispersity index of 0.218 with entrapment efficiency of 24.2 %. Rats were made diabetic by induction of 50 mg / kg BW STZ, treated with the chosen formula (doses 5, 10, 20 mg/kg BW) orally for 15 days. Body weight and blood glucose levels were measured from day 0, 4th,7th,11th and 15th. The results showed that 15 days of daily treatment of 10 mg/kg BW nanocurcuminoid emulsion led to a reduction of blood glucose level by 30.93±14.90 % and body weight by 15.5±13.92 %. Curcuminoid formulated in solid lipid nanoparticles could suppress a decrease in body weight and lower blood glucose levels of rats

AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI TERMOFILIK DARI SUMBER AIR PANAS, GUNUNG PANCAR BOGOR

 ABSTRACT Exploration of thermophilic bacteria that produce thermostable enzyme is most useful in application for enzyme base industrial. The aim of of this research is to isolate and amplificate the 16S-rRNA gene from thermophilic bacteria isolate at hotspring, Mount of Pancar, Bogor. The research steps consist of bacteria isolation, chromosomal DNA extraction, and amplification of 16S-rRNA gene. The water sample as source for bacteria was collected from four cauldrons. Temperature and pH for each cauldron are red cauldron 75-80°C, pH 7; black cauldron 55°C, pH 7; white cauldron 57°C, pH 7; and saline cauldron 25°C, pH 6, respectively. The bacteria were cultivated at Luria Bertani (LB) and Thermus media. The chromosomal DNA have been extracted. Gene amplification of 16 S-rRNA have been carried out by using universal primer (Bac F1 and Uni B1). The size of amplicon is ± 1.5kb. Keywords : thermophilic bacteria, chromosomal DNA extraction, amplification of 16S-rRNA gen

CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE EXTRACT POLYPHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME FROM BLACK TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon)

Shrimp is a  very important export  commodity with  high market value world wide. However, it is still facing problem related to the waste and deterioration quality as main issues for the shrimp industry. In this experiment, polyphenoloxidase from the carapace of Penaeus monodon was extracted and characterized. The research was carried out to obtain the optimum extraction condition and to evaluate the properties of enzyme i.e., pH, optimum temperature for activating enzyme, kinetic enzyme, and chelating on metal ion. The best method for PPO enzyme extraction used buffer with 1:3  proportion.  The optimum activity of enzyme was at pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The kinematic enzyme (Km) value and the maximum substrate concentration were 5.42 mM and 7.5 mM, respectively.  Na+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and EDTA with concentration 5 and 10 mM inhibited enzyme activity.  Cu2+at concentration of 10 mM and Mn2+ at concentration 5 mM also inhibited enzyme activity Keywords: carapace, characterization, polyphenoloxidase, shrim

DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR, STABILITY AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KETOPROFEN COATED TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE MODIFIED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE

Ketoprofen coated tripolyphosphate modified chitosan nanoparticle was resulted from ionic gelation process by ultrasonication, centrifugation, and spray dry methods. Particle was analyzed by particle Size Analyzer. Dissolution and stability of them have conducted by Row Hansen methods at 37±0.5 °C and 150 rpm and using climatic chamber at 40±2 °C and relative humidity 75±5% for 3 months, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities have conducted by Plate Reader methods. The result showed that B formulae have particles diameter of 563.1±157.5 nm and entrapment efficiency of 89.663%, respectively. Dissolution behavior showed that ketoprofen restrained released within acid medium and maximum released within base medium of 11.35-15.87% and 45.73-99.25%, respectively. Kinetically, dissolution of ketoprofen within intestinal and gastric pH condition was Korsmeyers-Peppas kinetic models. While, stability behavior showed that B formula has ketoprofen percentage left in nanocapsule after 3 months greater than 90% with water content and shelf life of 19.68%, and 14.19 week, respectively, and degradation kinetic model followed Avrami-Eroveef equation. Anti-inflammation test showed that B formula had the COX-2 inhibitory activity of 90.86% is higher than free ketoprofen

Antifungal Substances Produced by B. subtilis Strain W3.15 Inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum and Trigger Cellular Damage

Soybean Fusarium wilt and root rot disease caused by a necrotrophic ascomycete pathogen, F. oxysporum, triggered severe damage to the plant tissues and organs and impacted heavy losses. Biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis, were commonly used to produce a broad spectrum of antifungal substances and were gradually used in biocontrol studies for plant disease management. Investigation and determination of the inhibiting mechanism of antifungal substance produced by B. subtilis on F. oxysporum should be done to protect the soybean plant. This study revealed that basal nutrient broth (NB) gives the best antifungal activity. The stationary phase of the bacterial growth curve was obtained on two days of cultivation and showed the maximum antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Ethyl acetate (EA) extraction of bacterial supernatant generated crude EA extract, which showed half inhibition (IC50) at 306.42 µg/ml obtained from the dose-response regression curve. Post-treatment mycelia of F. oxysporum with bacterial extract were demonstrated as hyphal deformation followed by malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Furthermore, cellular leakage on fungal cells that may be triggered by antifungal compounds from strain W3.15 occurred. Last, the related antifungal compounds were predicted to be epicatechin and benzophenone from the LC-MS/MS analysis of crude EA extract. Accordingly, the biocontrol agent B. subtilis strain W3.15 promises a strong potency for biofungicide development