Diorganotin(IV) Complexes with Methionine Methyl Ester. Equilibria and Displacement by DNA Constituents

The coordination of methionine methyl ester with dimethyltin(IV) (DMT), dibutyltin(IV) (DBT) and  diphenyltin(IV) (DPT) was investigated at 25 °C and 0.1 mol dm–3 ionic strength in water for dimethyltin(IV) and in 50 % dioxane–water mixture for dibutyltin(IV) and diphenyltin(IV). Methionine methyl ester forms1:1 and 1:2 complexes with diorganotin(IV). The corresponding formation constants were calculated by using the non-linear least-squares programMINIQUAD-75. The concentration distribution of the various complex species was evaluated as a function of pH. The displacement of coordinated methionine methyl ester with some DNA constituents was calculated based on equilibrium aspects.KEYWORDS: Dimethyltin(IV), dibutyltin(IV), diphenyltin(IV), methionine methyl ester, stability constant

Improved Survival After Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Diagnosis in the Modern Era

Acute graft-versus-host disease remains a major threat to a successful outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. While improvements in treatment and supportive care have occurred, it is unknown whether these advances have resulted in improved outcome specifically among those diagnosed with acute graft-versus-host disease. We examined outcome following diagnosis of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease according to time period, and explored effects according to original graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimen and maximum overall grade of acute graft-versus-host disease. Between 1999 and 2012, 2,905 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (56%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (30%) or myelodysplastic syndromes (14%) received a sibling (24%) or unrelated donor (76%) blood (66%) or marrow (34%) transplant and developed grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (n=497 for 1999–2001, n=962 for 2002–2005, n=1,446 for 2006–2010). The median (range) follow-up was 144 (4–174), 97 (4–147) and 60 (8–99) months for 1999–2001, 2002–2005, and 2006–2010, respectively. Among the cohort with grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease, there was a decrease in the proportion of grade III-IV disease over time with 56%, 47%, and 37% for 1999–2001, 2002–2005, and 2006–2012, respectively (P\u3c0.001). Considering the total study population, univariate analysis demonstrated significant improvements in overall survival and treatment-related mortality over time, and deaths from organ failure and infection declined. On multivariate analysis, significant improvements in overall survival (P=0.003) and treatment-related mortality (P=0.008) were only noted among those originally treated with tacrolimus-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, and these effects were most apparent among those with overall grade II acute graft-versus-host disease. In conclusion, survival has improved over time for tacrolimus-treated transplant recipients with acute graft-versus-host disease

GvHD After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Acute Leukemia: an Analysis of Risk Factors and Effect on Outcomes

Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) registry, we analyzed 1404 umbilical cord bloodtransplantation (UCBT) patients (single (\u3c18 years)=810, double (⩾18 years)=594) with acute leukemia to define the incidence of acuteGvHD (aGvHD) and chronic GvHD (cGvHD), analyze clinical risk factors and investigate outcomes. After single UCBT, 100-day incidence of grade II-IV aGvHD was 39% (95% confidence interval (CI), 36-43%), grade III-IV aGvHD was 18% (95% CI, 15-20%) and 1-year cGvHD was 27% (95% CI, 24-30%). After double UCBT, 100-day incidence of grade II-IV aGvHD was 45% (95% CI, 41-49%), grade III-IV aGvHD was 22% (95% CI, 19-26%) and 1-year cGvHD was 26% (95% CI, 22-29%). For single UCBT, multivariate analysis showed that absence of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was associated with aGvHD, whereas prior aGvHD was associated with cGvHD. For double UCBT, absence of ATG and myeloablative conditioning were associated with aGvHD, whereas prior aGvHD predicted for cGvHD. Grade III-IV aGvHD led to worse survival, whereas cGvHD had no significant effect on disease-free or overall survival. GvHD is prevalent after UCBT with severe aGvHD leading to higher mortality. Future research in UCBT should prioritize prevention of GvHD

Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Outcomes in Patients With AML Transplanted Prior to Achieving Platelet Recovery

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Comparison Between The Efficacy of Different Medical Herbs on Cryptosporidium spp.

Objectives: The study was planned to show the effect of different medicinal plants extracts on Cryptosporidium spp. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was performed in laboratory mice to show the efficacy of different medical plants extracts (Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisea herba-alba, Cardaria draba, Mentha longifolia , Olea europea, Prosopis farcta, Punica granatum, Teucrium polium and Ziziphus spina-charisti on shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Results: In a study on the effect of medical plant extracts on the shedding of oocysts in mice, it was found that different medical plants extracts decrease the shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in mice. Using 250 mg / kg B.W., route it was shown that the efficacy of Prosopis farcta (67.6 %) followed by Artemesia herba alba (57.7 %), Cardaria draba (35.9 %) and the lowest was Teucrium polium (12.7 "/o) but Mentha longifolia had no effect. It was also shown that the efficacy of medical plants extracts (500 mg / kg B.W.) was higher than (250 mg / kg B.W.) in shedding of the parasite oocysts. In a study of the effect of plant extracts on the development of oocysts of Cryptosporidium in the macrophage in Rpm medium, it was found that the efficacy of Punica granatum (75.9%) was highest, followed by Prosopis farcta (67.1%) and Artimesia herba- alba (55%). Conclusions: The medical plant extracts have an effect on Cryptosporidium spp. Infection in albino mice. The possibility of studying the therapeutic research on Cryptospridium spp. in RPM medium

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plasma level at the time of chronic GvHD diagnosis is a potential predictor of non-relapse mortality

Biological markers for risk stratification of chronic GvHD (cGvHD) could improve the care of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Increased plasma levels of B-cell activating factor (BAFF), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) and elafin have been associated with the diagnosis, but not with outcome in patients with cGvHD. We evaluated the association between levels of these soluble proteins, measured by ELISA at the time of cGvHD diagnosis and before the initiation of therapy, with non-relapse-mortality (NRM). Based on the log-transformed values, factor levels were divided into tertiles defined respectively as low, intermediate, and high levels. On univariable analysis, BAFF levels were significantly associated with NRM, whereas CXCL9 and elafin levels were not. Both low (⩽2.3 ng/mL, hazard ratio (HR)=5.8, P=0.03) and high (>5.7 ng/mL, HR=5.4, P=0.03) BAFF levels were associated with a significantly higher NRM compared with intermediate BAFF level. The significant effect of high or low BAFF levels persisted in multivariable analysis. A subset of cGvHD patients had persistently low BAFF levels. In conclusion, our data show that BAFF levels at the time of cGvHD diagnosis are associated with NRM, and also are potentially useful for risk stratification. These results warrant confirmation in larger studies

Characteristics Of TiO2-Cu Thin Films Deposited Via Using Electrospray Technique

In this current research, TiO2 thin films were deposited on the cleaning glass substrates via using Electrospray technique. Various deposition Electric potentials were utilized within the scope of 0-5 KV. To understand potential factors affecting TiO2-Cu thin films, the structural, morphological, optical characteristics and the surface chemical composition were explored. The x-ray diffraction peaks showed that all TiO2-Cu samples composed of an anatase phase with average crystallite size of 46 nm. TiO2-Cu films were uniform surface and particle structures such as a spherical size with a thickness of approximately 260 nm. PL spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties in order to confirm optical absorption in the visible light field. We provided nanoparticles insights into the enhanced properties of TiO2-Cu thin films under different electric potential. The thin film offers a good performance for use as a biosensor

Evidence for B cell exhaustion in chronic graft-versus-host disease

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A number of studies support a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of cGvHD. In this study, we report the presence of an expanded population of CD19+CD21− B cells with features of exhaustion in the peripheral blood of patients with cGvHD. CD21− B cells were significantly increased in patients with active cGvHD compared to patients without cGvHD and healthy controls (median 12.2 versus 2.12 versus 3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Compared with naïve (CD27−CD21+) and classical memory (CD27+CD21+) B cells, CD19+CD21− B cells in cGvHD were CD10 negative, CD27 negative and CD20hi, and exhibited features of exhaustion, including increased expression of multiple inhibitory receptors such as FCRL4, CD22, CD85J, and altered expression of chemokine and adhesion molecules such as CD11c, CXCR3, CCR7, and CD62L. Moreover, CD21− B cells in cGvHD patients were functionally exhausted and displayed poor proliferative response and calcium mobilization in response to B-cell receptor triggering and CD40 ligation. Finally, the frequencies of circulating CD21− B cells correlated with cGvHD severity in patients after HSCT. Our study further characterizes B cells in chronic cGVHD and supports the use of CD21−CD27−CD10− B cell frequencies as a biomarker of disease severity