The prevalence of risk for hearing impairment in newborns with congenital syphilis in a newborn hearing screening program (NHS)

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of risk for hearing impairment in neonates with congenital syphilis in a newborn hearing screening program.Study designThe study design is retrospective, documentary, and is cross-sectional. The sample consisted of newborns who were born between January 2019 and December 2021 and who underwent neonatal hearing screening in a public maternity hospital. Demographic data and the presence and specification of risk indicators for hearing impairment (RIHL) were collected. In retest cases, the results and the final score were also collected. For data analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis and Conover-Iman post-hoc tests were used, comparing the groups that passed and failed the hearing screening that had RIHL, using a significance level of p of <0.5.ResultsAmong the RIHL observed in the sample, prematurity was more frequent in newborns who passed the screening (55.26%) than in those who failed the test (45.67%). Congenital syphilis was the ninth most frequent RIHL (8.04%) among the newborns who passed the test and the 15th factor (3.03%), with the highest occurrence in those who failed the hearing screening. When comparing the two groups (pass and fail), we found significant differences (p < 0.05) between them.ConclusionCongenital syphilis was the ninth risk indicator for the most common hearing impairment and, in isolation, did not present a risk for failure in neonatal hearing screening. Notably, congenital syphilis can cause late hearing loss during child development. Thus, there is an indication of audiological monitoring of these neonates

Analysis of the P. lividus sea urchin genome highlights contrasting trends of genomic and regulatory evolution in deuterostomes

Sea urchins are emblematic models in developmental biology and display several characteristics that set them apart from other deuterostomes. To uncover the genomic cues that may underlie these specificities, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and an extensive gene expression and epigenetic profiles of its embryonic development. We found that, unlike vertebrates, sea urchins retained ancestral chromosomal linkages but underwent very fast intrachromosomal gene order mixing. We identified a burst of gene duplication in the echinoid lineage and showed that some of these expanded genes have been recruited in novel structures (water vascular system, Aristotle's lantern, and skeletogenic micromere lineage). Finally, we identified gene-regulatory modules conserved between sea urchins and chordates. Our results suggest that gene-regulatory networks controlling development can be conserved despite extensive gene order rearrangement

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS PESSOAS COM DOENÇA FALCIFORME EM UMA CIDADE DO ESTADO DA BAHIA

Objetivo: caracterizar as pessoas assistidas em um Centro de Referência em doença falciforme em uma cidade do estado da Bahia. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, realizado entre agosto de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. Os dados secundários coletados em 326 prontuários foram processados no STATA, versão 12.0. Resultados: prevalência de adultos jovens, do sexo feminino, solteiras, pretas, com renda de até um salário mínimo, não alfabetizadas, protestantes, com até três filhos. As complicações prevalentes foram crise álgica, icterícia e alterações do baço. As medicações mais utilizadas foram ácido fólico, hidroxiureia, ibuprofeno e dipirona. Permaneceram em tratamento 67,79% das pessoas, enquanto 4,60% foram a óbito. Conclusão: pessoas com doença falciforme assistidas em um centro de referência possuíam elevado grau de vulnerabilidade e estavam sujeitas à variabilidade clínica. Descritores: Doenças de células falciformes. Perfil de saúde. Epidemiologia.</p

Programa Saúde Auditiva do Escolar: Uma integração entre pesquisa e extensão

A audição é um dos sentidos mais significativos para a comunicação humana, de tal maneira que a sua ausência acarreta efeitos negativos no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida da população envolvida. Diante desse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo relatar a experiência das atividades de pesquisa e de extensão desenvolvidas no Programa Saúde Auditiva do Escolar (PSAE), voltadas à educação em saúde auditiva. Foram realizados testes auditivos em uma comunidade escolar e verificadas as alterações auditivas mais prevalentes nessa população. Os principais achados foram obstrução de orelhas por cerume e relato do uso frequente de fones de ouvido. Os resultados encontrados contribuíram para a realização da ação de extensão “Ouvir por toda a vida: Dia Mundial da Audição 2020”, durante a qual foram realizadas quatro atividades por meio de recursos didáticos e lúdicos com essa população, sendo elas (1) “higienização das orelhas”, (2) “mapa do barulho”, (3) avaliação da intensidade do fone de ouvido com o auxílio da “Cocleannny”, (4) roda de conversa com os escolares com o auxílio da “Alexa” (personagem virtual) e (5) roda de conversa com os professores, sobre os problemas mais frequentes detectados. Todas as atividades apresentaram bons resultados, além de engajamento por parte da comunidade escolar, contribuindo para que os escolares possam tomar decisões mais adequadas quanto aos hábitos deletérios antes praticados: excessiva utilização do fone de ouvido e ruído durante as aulas. Palavras-chave: Transtornos da Audição; Estudantes; Educação em Saúde; Prevenção Primária School Auditory Health Program: an integration between research and extension Abstract: Hearing is one of the most significant meanings for human communication, so that its absence has adverse effects on the well-being and quality of life of the population involved. Given this context, this study aimed to report the experience of research and extension activities developed in the School Auditory Health Program (SAHP), focused on hearing health education. Hearing tests were carried out in a school community, and the most prevalent hearing disorders in this population were verified. The main findings were ear obstruction by cerumen and self-report of the frequent use of headphones. The results found contributed to the implementation of the extension action “Listening for life: World Hearing Day 2020”, during which four interactive activities were carried out through didactic and ludic resources with this population, which are (1) “ear cleaning,” (2) “noise map,” (3) earphone intensity assessment with the help of “Cocleanny,” (4) conversation with students with the help of the virtual character “Alexa” and (5) conversation with the teachers, all aiming to reduce the most frequent problems detected. All activities showed promising results and engagement by the school community, helping the students make more appropriate decisions regarding the harmful habits previously practiced, e. g. excessive use of the headset and noise during classes. Keywords: Hearing Disorders; Students; Health Education; Primary Preventio

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2010: volume 4: as disciplinas escolares, os temas transversais e o processo de educação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data