The effect of grape-seed oil on diabetes-related hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Grape-seed oil has diverse biological functions and is beneficial in treating metabolic complications, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects of Grape-seed oil in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 16 streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used in this study. Diabetic rats were randomly allocated to either of two groups (n = 8): diabetic rats treated with grape-seed oil or diabetic control. Grape-seed oil (GSO) (25 mg/kg BW) was administered orally for 40 days, and at the end, blood samples were taken directly from the heart. Results: Diabetic rats treated with oil compared to control diabetic rats demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) decline in serum glucose concentration. High plasma concentrations of TG, LDL, and VLDL were reduced (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Surprisingly, between inflammatory markers, TNF-α was significantly (p = 0.02) increased. Furthermore, GSO-treated diabetic rats experienced a significant (p = 0.014) weight gain during the study. However, total cholesterol, HDL, and CRP levels did not change significantly. Conclusion: Treatment with grape-seed oil ameliorated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. However, further investigations in peculiar clinical studies are required.</p

The effect of grape-seed oil on diabetes-related hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: Grape-seed oil has diverse biological functions and is beneficial in treating metabolic complications, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic, and anti-inflammatory effects of Grape-seed oil in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: 16 streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats were used in this study. Diabetic rats were randomly allocated to either of two groups (n = 8): diabetic rats treated with grape-seed oil or diabetic control. Grape-seed oil (GSO) (25 mg/kg BW) was administered orally for 40 days, and at the end, blood samples were taken directly from the heart. Results: Diabetic rats treated with oil compared to control diabetic rats demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) decline in serum glucose concentration. High plasma concentrations of TG, LDL, and VLDL were reduced (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Surprisingly, between inflammatory markers, TNF-α was significantly (p = 0.02) increased. Furthermore, GSO-treated diabetic rats experienced a significant (p = 0.014) weight gain during the study. However, total cholesterol, HDL, and CRP levels did not change significantly. Conclusion: Treatment with grape-seed oil ameliorated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. However, further investigations in peculiar clinical studies are required.</p

Brown fat tissue: Therapeutic potential for insulin resistance, new hopes for tomorrow

The well recognized white adipose tissue is an endocrinal organ secreting various hormones and this article simply indicates to the physiologic concepts brown fat tissues (BAT) which are extremely active endocrine organs and play various metabolic active roles in intermediate metabolism. The physiologic function of Brown adipose tissues contributes to energy-producing parts of the cell. Its amount is rare up to approximately one hundred and thirty gram and implies important characteristics for mammals. An increase in energy expenditure could be an aim by activation of BAT, seems futurity to reduce body weight that needs a vast majority of fundamental research to facilitate its occurrence [1]. Brown fat tissue generates heat and has valuable importance for human metabolism [2,3]. Brown fat tissue is decreased in overweight and obese people and possibly activating brown fat tissue might help for reducing weight and weight-related metabolic disorders like insulin resistance

Unbalanced intake of methyl donor supplements, may lead to DNA methylation and cause breast cancer in offspring

Statistical data in Iran reflects a worrying trend for an increased incidence of breast cancer. recent national data on average annual crude incidence for primary breast cancer indicated 22.6 (95%CI 22.1-23.1) per 100,000. It seems that genome encoding with no changes in the sequence of DNA contributes to Lamarck’s theory as a probable causative factor for the deterioration of this disorder by supplementation. Unconscious methylation of DNA by environmental factors make genetic modifications through epigenetic process in nucleotides that create new make up for DNA and DNMTs, expedite one of the most prevalent health disorders. Uterus environment, youth up to a retired and postmenopausal age are periods for changes in genome assembly that include tiny alterations in CpG islands. A review article had been performed by the electronic search for the manuscripts that had been published among current databases and declared facts about the produced results and the main proves had ascertained from the present articles. They were included by the Med Line and PubMed database and Iran’s vital statistics. As a result consumption of selected nutrients has the ability for methylation by group donors and causes an actual transfer of a methyl to the C5 carbon of cytosine for making 5-methylcytosine. Characteristic of a living organism referred to the Genetic and Epigenetic information and unbalanced intake of selected nutrients with dual function like folic acid persuades the creation of a genetic foundation for breast cancer in offspring.</p

Efectos de la intensidad del ejercicio sobre la miostatina y folistatina del músculo sóleo deratas hiperglicémicas

Abstract. Background: Hyperglycaemia induces dysregulations in skeletal muscle mass and function. Myostatin (Mstn) and follistatin (Fs) are two key regulators of muscle mass, which are known to be dysregulated in people with hyperglycaemia. Exercise is frequently prescribed to counteract these changes; however, the influence of exercise intensity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare two training programs, moderate-intensity constant (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on soleus mRNA levels of Mstn and Fs in an animal model of hyperglycaemia. Material and Methods: 36 male Wistar rats, were divided into control (n=18) and hyperglycaemic (HG, n=18; induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of Streptozotocin) groups. Subsequently, these groups were randomly subdivided into control untrained, control+moderate-intensity constant training (MICT), control+high-intensity interval training (HIIT), HG untrained, HG+MICT, and HG+HIIT (n=6 each subgroup). Training programs were performed for 8 weeks, with a frequency of 5 sessions per week. The total distance covered per session in MICT and HIIT was equal. 48 hours following the last training session, rats were anesthetized and soleus muscles were excised. Results: HIIT reduced and increased significantly the Mstn and Fs mRNA levels respectively, irrespective of hyperglycaemia (p<0.05). When Mstn:Fs ratio was analysed, only HIIT induced a significant increase in hyperglycaemic rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: HIIT over MICT, changed the Mstn and Fs soleus mRNA levels, irrespective of hyperglycaemia. This could indicate that the regulation of these genes is exercise intensity-dependent, whereas hyperglycaemia seems to not blunt this response.Antecedentes: La hiperglicemia induce alteraciones en la masa y fuerza del músculo esquelético. La miostatina (Mstn) y folistatina (Fs) son reguladores de masa muscular, los cuales son alterados por hiperglicemia. El ejercicio es utilizado para neutralizar estos cambios; sin embargo, la influencia de la intensidad del mismo no está aclarada. Este estudio comparó dos programas de ejercicio, intensidad moderada y constante (MICT) e interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT), sobre los niveles de ARN mensajero (ARNm) muscular de Mstn y Fs en ratas hiperglicémicas. Material y Métodos: 36 ratas Wistar fueron divididas en controles (n=18) y con hiperglicemia (HG, n=18; inducida con Streptozotocina intraperitoneal). Además, estos grupos fueron subdivididos aleatoriamente en: control no-entrenado, control+entrenamiento moderado constante (MICT), control+entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT), HG no-entrados, HG+MICT y HG+HIIT (cada subgrupo n=6). El entrenamiento duró 8 semanas, con 5 sesiones por semana. La distancia total recorrida por sesión en cada programa de entrenamiento fue igual. 48 horas posterior a la última sesión, las ratas fueron anestesiadas y los músculos sóleos fueron extraídos. Resultados: El entrenamiento HIIT redujo e incrementó significativamente los niveles de Mstn y Fs respectivamente, independiente de la presencia de hiperglicemia (p<0.05). Además, la razón Mstn:Fs se incrementó significativamente sólo en el grupo de ratas hiperglicémicas entrenadas con HIIT (p<0.05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento HIIT, no MICT, cambió los niveles de ARNm de Mstn y Fs en el músculo sóleo, independiente de la presencia de hiperglicemia. Esto sugiere que la regulación de estos genes es dependiente de la intensidad del ejercicio, en donde la hiperglicemia parece no aminorar esta respuesta