KamLAND Bounds on Solar Antineutrinos and neutrino transition magnetic moments

We investigate the possibility of detecting solar electron antineutrinos with the KamLAND experiment. These electron antineutrinos are predicted by spin-flavor oscillations at a significant rate even if this mechanism is not the leading solution to the SNP. KamLAND is sensitive to antineutrinos originated from solar ${}^8$B neutrinos. From KamLAND negative results after 145 days of data taking, we obtain model independent limits on the total flux of solar electron antineutrinos $\Phi({}^8 B)< 1.1-3.5\times 10^4 cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}$, more than one order of magnitude smaller than existing limits, and on their appearance probability$P<0.15%$(95antineutrino production by spin-flavor precession, this upper bound implies an upper limit on the product of the intrinsic neutrino magnetic moment and the value of the solar magnetic field$\mu B< 2.3\times 10^{-21}$MeV 95LMA$(\Delta m^2, \tan^2\theta)$values). Limits on neutrino transition moments are also obtained. For realistic values of other astrophysical solar parameters these upper limits would imply that the neutrino magnetic moment is constrained to be, in the most conservative case,$\mu\lsim 3.9\times 10^{-12} \mu_B$(95CL) for a relatively small field$B= 50$kG. For higher values of the magnetic field we obtain:$\mu\lsim 9.0\times 10^{-13} \mu_B$for field$B= 200$kG and$\mu\lsim 2.0\times 10^{-13} \mu_B$for field$B= 1000$ kG at the same statistical significance.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

Oceanographic moorings as year-round laboratories for investigating growth performance and settlement dynamics in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (E.A. Smith, 1902)

Background: Oceanographic moorings (OMs) are standard marine platforms composed of wires, buoys, weights and instruments, and are used as in situ observatories to record water column properties. However, OMs are also comprised of hard substrates on which a variety of invertebrates can settle when they encounter these structures along their dispersal routes. In this contribution, we studied the fouling communities found on two OMs deployed in the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Furthermore, a cage containing the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (E. A. Smith, 1902) was incorporated in the OM. The growth of the caged A. colbecki were evaluated after 1 year and their shells used as biological proxy for seawater temperature and salinity. Methods: A variety of settlers were collected from two different OMs deployed in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and species identified using a combination of morphological and genetic (mainly through DNA barcoding) characteristics. Caged scallops were individually marked with permanent tags and their growth studied in terms of size-increment data (SID). Cages were specifically designed to prevent damage to individuals due to water drag during OM deployment and retrieval. Growth parameters from the caged individuals were applied to the A. colbecki juveniles that had settled on the mooring, to trace the likely settlement period. Results: The growth performance of caged A. colbecki was similar to that from previous growth studies of this species. The remarkable survival rate of caged specimens (96.6%) supports the feasibility of caging experiments, even for a species with a fragile shell such as the Antarctic scallop. Some of the new recruits found on the mooring were A. colbecki, the same species we put into special cages fixed to it. The settlement of the A. colbecki juveniles started during the Austral spring with a peak in summer months and, remarkably, coincided with seasonal changes in water temperature and flow direction, which were recorded by the mooring\u2019s instruments. Genetic data from other settlers provided new information about their larval ecology and connectivity. Discussion: Oceanographic moorings are expensive and complex experimental platforms that, at present, are strictly used for the acquisition of physical and biogeochemical data. Their use for in situ ecological experiments on model organisms suitable for caging and to study fouling species has yet to be fully explored. We present the outcomes of a study, which represents a baseline for the characterization of Antarctic fouling biodiversity. We hope that in the near future an internationally coordinated systematic study of settlers could be initiated around the Antarctic continent. This could utilize \u201cnew generation OMs\u201d equipped with standardized settlement structures and agreed sampling protocols for the study of fouling communities

PENGARUH TINGKAT PENAMBAHAN ENZIM FISIN KASAR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO)

Minyak kelapa murni atau virgin coconut oil (VCO) adalah minyak yang diperoleh dari daging kelapa tua yang segar dan diolah dengan suhu rendah atau tanpa pemanasan. VCO dapat diperoleh melalui proses enzimatis salah satunya menggunakan enzim fisin. Enzim fisin termasuk enzim proteolitik yang terdapat pada bagian daun, buah, batang dan getah dari tanaman ara (Ficus sp.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat penambahan enzim fisin kasar terhadap karakteristik virgin coconut oil (VCO). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan . Data hasil penelitian dianalisa secara statistic menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’ New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah tanpa penambahan enzim fisin kasar (perlakuan A), penambahan enzim fisin kasar pada tingkat 0,02% (perlakuan B), 0,04% (perlakuan C), 0,06% (perlakuan D), 0,08% (perlakuan E). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat penambahan enzim fisin kasar terhadap karakteristik virgin coconut oil (VCO) memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen , kadar air, bilangan iod, uji organoleptik pada tingkat kesukaan aroma dan warna. Namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan uji organoleptik pada tinggat kesukaan rasa. Pada penelitian ini rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan C dengan nilai 26,73%, bilangan iod 9,30 g iod/100g, kadar air 0,0394%, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,17% dan memiliki nilai uji organoleptik yang normal. Kata Kunci : VCO, Enzim Fisin Kasar, Metode Enzimati

MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PEDULI LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PROGRAM ADIWIYATA DI SMK NEGERI 57 JAKARTA

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 57 Jakarta, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan, pelaksanaan serta evaluasi pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan melalui program adiwiyata. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2020 hingga Juli 2020. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) pada proses awal perencanaan pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan melalui program adiwiyata diawali dengan rapat analisis visi misi sekolah dan program adiwiat untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik yang berlandaskan peduli lingkungan. Selanjutnya, SMK Negeri 57 membuat peogram “POKJA” Kelompok Kerja, dengan target seluruh warga sekolah dapat memahami arti peduli lingkungan. Selanjutnya, tim manajemen melakukan penentuan sub program “POKJA” dengan menentukan metode dan teknis pembelajaran, melakukan pembiasaan pengembangan nilai karakter peserta didik. (2) pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan melalui program adiwiyata dilakukan melalui pembelajaran, pembiasaan dan juga kegiatan “POKJA”. Dalam pembiasaan yaitu dengan monitoring peserta didik membawa peralatan makan dan minum dari rumah agar dapat mengurangi sampah plastik, yang dilakukan setiap pagi hari didepan gerbang sekolah. Kegiatan yang menunjang program pokja yaitu kegiatan dalam pokja dan ekstrakulikuler. (3) evaluasi pendidikan karakter peduli lingkungan melalui program adiwiyata diawali dari pengamatan guru terhadap perilaku peserta didik, penilaian terhadap kebersihan kelas, kesadaran akan peduli lingkungan, serta kendala-kendala dalam proses pembelajaran, kemudian guru menyiapkan laporan hasil pengamatan. Setelah itu, mengadakan rapat evaluasi. Hasil rapat evaluasi menentukan penilaian dan pemberian penghargaan program kelas terbersih dan terkotor. Selanjutnya memunculkan rekomendasi berupa sanksi atau teguran kepada kelas atau peserta didik yang bersangkutan. Kata kunci: Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter, Peduli Lingkungan, Adiwiyata ABSTRACT This research was conducted at SMK Negeri 57 Jakarta, which aims to determine the planning, implementation and evaluation of character education caring for the environment through the Adiwiyata program. This research was conducted from February 2020 to July 2020. Researchers used a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation study. The results of this study indicate that: (1) in the initial process of planning environmental care character education through the Adiwiyata program, it begins with a meeting to analyze the school's vision and mission and the Adiwiat program to form the character of students who are based on environmental care. Furthermore, SMK Negeri 57 made a Working Group “POKJA” program, with the target that all school members could understand the meaning of caring for the environment. Furthermore, the management team determines the “POKJA” sub-program by determining learning methods and techniques, familiarizing students with the development of character values. (2) the implementation of character education caring for the environment through the Adiwiyata program is carried out through learning, habituation and also "POKJA" activities. In habituation, namely by monitoring students bringing eating and drinking utensils from home in order to reduce plastic waste, which is done every morning in front of the school gate. Activities that support the working group program are activities in the working group and extracurricular activities. (3) evaluation of character education caring for the environment through the Adiwiyata program begins with teacher observations of student behavior, assessment of classroom cleanliness, awareness of environmental care, and constraints in the learning process, then the teacher prepares a report on the results of observations. After that, hold an evaluation meeting. The results of the evaluation meeting determine the assessment and awarding of the cleanest and dirtiest class programs. Furthermore, it raises recommendations in the form of sanctions or reprimands to the class or students concerned. Keywords: Character Education Management, Environmental Care, Adiwiyat

Efeito do treinamento em valores éticos no relato de erros entre enfermeiros de hospitais afiliados à Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Alborz

Values provide basis for the ethical dimensions of clinical practice and the behavior of nurses. One of the ways to manage errors in the nursing is reporting errors and recording them. Moreover, weakness in ethical factors is one of the factors involved in non- reporting the nursing errors. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethical values training on error reporting from the viewpoint of nurses. This research is a quasi-experimental study, in which 70 nurses were assigned into intervention and control groups non-randomly using purposeful sampling methods. The data were collected using demographic questionnaire and researcher-developed error reporting from nurses' viewpoint questionnaire. It was completed first by the intervention and control subjects. Then, the researcher-developed questionnaire was re-completed by both intervention and control subjects after holding ethical values training program in three 60- minute sessions for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using SPSS20 software and descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Covariance, T-test, Chi-square and Fisher tests. The research results revealed that the mean and standard deviation of the variables of the error reporting from the viewpoint nurses increased from 1.90 ±0.47 in the pre-test stage to 2.87 ± 0.43 out of mean score of 2 in the post-test stage in the intervention group. The mean scores of change in viewpoint of nurses was reduced in the second stage compared to that in first stage in the control group, while this reduction was not significant (P = 0.002). The research results suggest the positive effect of ethical values training on the error reporting from the viewpoint of nurses. Thus, it is recommended that training courses on ethical values to be held to change the viewpoint of nurses in order to increase the error reporting and improve the safety of patients.Los valores proporcionan una base para las dimensiones éticas de la práctica clínica y el comportamiento de las enfermeras. Una de las formas de gestionar los errores en la enfermería es informar los errores y registrarlos. Además, la debilidad en los factores éticos es uno de los factores involucrados en la no notificación de los errores de enfermería. Por lo tanto, la investigación actual se realizó para evaluar el efecto de la capacitación en valores éticos en el informe de errores desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras. Esta investigación es un estudio cuasi experimental, en el que 70 enfermeras fueron asignadas a grupos de intervención y control de forma no aleatoria utilizando métodos de muestreo intencionados. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario demográfico y el informe de errores desarrollado por el investigador desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras. Se completó primero con los sujetos de intervención y control. Luego, el cuestionario desarrollado por el investigador fue completado nuevamente por los sujetos de intervención y de control después de llevar a cabo el programa de entrenamiento de valores éticos en tres sesiones de 60 minutos para el grupo de intervención. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el software SPSS20 y las estadísticas descriptivas, Mann-Whitney, Covariance, T-test, Chi-cuadrado y Fisher. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que la media y la desviación estándar de las variables del informe de errores de las enfermeras del punto de vista aumentaron de 1.90 ± 0.47 en la etapa de prueba previa a 2.87 ± 0.43 de la puntuación media de 2 en la etapa de prueba posterior en grupo de intervención. Las puntuaciones medias de cambio en el punto de vista de las enfermeras se redujeron en la segunda etapa en comparación con las de la primera etapa en el grupo de control, mientras que esta reducción no fue significativa (P = 0,002). Los resultados de la investigación sugieren el efecto positivo de la formación en valores éticos en el informe de errores desde el punto de vista de las enfermeras. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que se realicen cursos de capacitación sobre valores éticos para cambiar el punto de vista de las enfermeras con el fin de aumentar el informe de errores y mejorar la seguridad de los pacientes.Os valores fornecem uma base para as dimensões éticas da prática clínica e o comportamento dos enfermeiros. Uma das maneiras de gerenciar erros na enfermagem é reportar erros e registrá-los. Além disso, a fraqueza nos fatores éticos é um dos fatores envolvidos na falha em relatar os erros de enfermagem. Portanto, pesquisas atuais foram realizadas para avaliar o efeito do treinamento em valores éticos no relato de erros do ponto de vista do enfermeiro. Esta pesquisa é um estudo quase experimental, no qual 70 enfermeiros foram designados para grupos de intervenção e controle de forma não-aleatória usando métodos de amostragem intencionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário demográfico e do relatório de erros elaborado pelo pesquisador do ponto de vista dos enfermeiros. Foi completado primeiro com os sujeitos de intervenção e controle. Em seguida, o questionário desenvolvido pelo pesquisador foi novamente preenchido pelos sujeitos de intervenção e controle após a realização do programa de treinamento em valores éticos em três sessões de 60 minutos para o grupo de intervenção. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software SPSS20 e estatística descritiva, Mann-Whitney, Covariance, teste T, Qui-quadrado e Fisher. Os resultados da investigação revelaram que a média e o desvio padrão das variáveis do relato de erros do enfermeiro sob o ponto de vista aumentaram de 1,90 ± 0,47 no estágio anterior para 2,87 ± 0,43 do escore médio de 2 no estágio de teste posterior no grupo de intervenção. Os escores médios de mudança no ponto de vista dos enfermeiros foram reduzidos no segundo estágio em comparação aos do primeiro estágio no grupo controle, enquanto que essa redução não foi significativa (P = 0,002). Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem o efeito positivo do treinamento sobre valores éticos no relato de erros do ponto de vista dos enfermeiros. Portanto, recomenda-se que cursos de formação sobre valores éticos sejam realizados para mudar o ponto de vista dos enfermeiros, a fim de aumentar o relato de erros e melhorar a segurança do paciente

Influence of the rotational sense of two colliding laser beams on the radiation of an ultrarelativistic electron

With analytical treatment, the classical dynamics of an ultrarelativistic electron in two counter-propagating circularly polarized strong laser beams with either co-rotating or counter-rotating direction are considered. Assuming that the particle energy is the dominant scale in the setup, an approximate solution is derived and the influence of the rotational sense on the dynamics is analyzed. Qualitative differences in both electron energy and momentum are found for the laser beams being co-rotating or counter-rotating and are confirmed by the exact numerical solution of the classical equation of motion. Despite of these differences in the electron trajectory, the radiation spectra of the electron do not deviate qualitatively from each other for configurations with varying rotational directions of the laser beams. Here, the radiation of an ultrarelativistic electron interacting with counterpropagating laser beams is given in the framework of the Baier-Katkov semi-classical approximation. Several parameter regimes are considered and the spectra resulting from the two scenarios all have the same shape and only differ quantitatively by a few percent.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

The Neutrino mass matrix after Kamland and SNO salt enhanced results

An updated analysis of all available neutrino oscillation evidence in Solar experiments including the latest SNO ES,CC and NC data (254d live time, NaCL enhanced efficiency) is presented. We obtain, for the fraction of active oscillating neutrinos: sin^2alpha=(\Phi_{NC}-\Phi_{CC})/(\Phi_{SSM}-\Phi_{CC})=0.94^{+0.0.065}_{-0.060} nearly 20\sigma from the pure sterile oscillation case. The fraction of oscillating sterile neutrinos cos^2\alpha \lsim 0.12 (1 sigma CL). At face value, these results might slightly favour the existence of a small sterile oscillating sector. In the framework of two active neutrino oscillations we determine individual neutrino mixing parameters and their errors we obtain Delta m^2= 7.01\pm 0.08 \times 10^{-5} eV^2, tan^2 theta=0.42^{+0.12}_{-0.07}. The main difference with previous analysis is a better resolution in parameter space. In particular the secondary region at larger mass differences (LMAII) is now excluded at 95% CL. The combined analysis of solar and Kamland data concludes that maximal mixing is not favoured at 4-5 sigma. This is not supported by the antineutrino reactor results alone. We estimate the individual elements of the two neutrino mass matrix, writing M^2=m^2 I+M_0^2, we obtain (1 sigma errors): M_0^2=10^{-5} eV^2\pmatrix{ 2.06^{+0.29}_{-0.31} & 3.15^{+0.29}_{-0.35} \cr 3.15^{+0.29}_{-0.35} & 4.60^{+0.56}_{-0.44} }

Studi Komparatif Massa Serbuk a-Lactose Monohydrate 80 M, Mesh 40 dan Mesh 60 terhadap Keseragaman Kandungan Kapsul Ketoprofen

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis keseragaman kandungan kapsul ketoprofen. Bahan aktif yang digunakan adalah ketoprofen dan α-lactose monohydrate 80M sebagai bahan pengencer (diluents) atau pengisi (filler). Ketoprofen adalah derivat asam propionat yang memiliki aktifitas sama dengan ibuprofen dengan efek anti inflamasi sedang, merupakan nonsteroidal antiinflamatory agent sebagai analgesik, antipiretik, dan antiinflamasi.Ukuran partikel massa serbuk α-lactose monohydrate 80M dibedakan dengan menggunakan ukuran pengayak yang berbeda yaitu ukuran pengayak mesh 40 (F1) dan pengayak mesh 60 (F2). Kapsul ketoprofen ditentukan keseragaman kandungan kapsul. Keseragaman kandungan ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil keseragaman kandungan kapsul pada formula 1 dan formula 2 memenuhi persyaratan menurut Farmakope Indonesia IV dan hasil analisis statistika menunjukkan hasil berbeda tidak signifikan (α = 0,05)

Hamevol1.0: a C++ code for differential equations based on Runge-Kutta algorithm. An application to matter enhanced neutrino oscillation

We present a C++ implementation of a fifth order semi-implicit Runge-Kutta algorithm for solving Ordinary Differential Equations. This algorithm can be used for studying many different problems and in particular it can be applied for computing the evolution of any system whose Hamiltonian is known. We consider in particular the problem of calculating the neutrino oscillation probabilities in presence of matter interactions. The time performance and the accuracy of this implementation is competitive with respect to the other analytical and numerical techniques used in literature. The algorithm design and the salient features of the code are presented and discussed and some explicit examples of code application are given.Comment: 18 pages, Late