Lactic acid Production with in situ Extraction in Membrane Bioreactor

Background and Objective: Lactic acid is widely used in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The major problems associated with lactic acid production are substrate and end-product inhibition, and by-product formation. Membrane technologyrepresents one of the most effective processes for lactic acid production. The aim of this work is to increase cell density and lactic acid productivity due to reduced inhibition effect of substrate and product in membrane bioreactor.Material and Methods: In this work, lactic acid was produced from lactose in membrane bioreactor. A laboratory scale membrane bioreactor was designed and fabricated. Five types of commercial membranes were tested at the same operating conditions (transmembrane pressure: 500 KPa and temperature: 25°C). The effects of initial lactose concentration and dilution rate on biomass growth, lactic acid production and substrate utilization were evaluated.Results and Conclusion: The high lactose retention of 79% v v-1 and low lactic acid retention of 22% v v-1 were obtained with NF1 membrane; therefore, this membrane was selected for membrane bioreactor. The maximal productivity of 17.1 g l-1 h-1 was obtainedwith the lactic acid concentration of 71.5 g l-1 at the dilution rate of 0.24 h−1. The maximum concentration of lactic acid was obtained at the dilution rate of 0.04 h−1. The inhibiting effect of lactic acid was not observed at high initial lactose concentration. The critical lactose concentration at which the cell growth severely hampered was 150 g l-1. This study proved that membrane bioreactor had great advantages such as elimination of substrate and product inhibition, high concentration of process substrate, high cell density,and high lactic acid productivity.Conflict of interest: There is no conflict of interest

Identifying Effective Factors on Consumer Intention to Use Mobile Banking Services (Case Study: Banks of Guilan province)

ABSTRACT This study objective is identifying the factors influencing on consumer intention to use mobile banking services in the Guilan province banks. Proposed model of research is based on six concepts of perceived usefulness, perceived system quality, perceived ease, perceived security, perceived compatibility, subjective norm. Statistical population is bank customers of the Guilan province. In terms of the aim the present study is applied and in terms of nature and method is descriptive -analytical with emphasis on correlation branch. Also method of data collection is Field and by questionnaire. In this study, the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. So that the first through the software SPSS for each variable in tables and graphs and statistical indices are described and then analyze the data, test hypotheses and to generalize results from the sample to population is used structural equation modeling and is used by Liserl software, and all hypotheses were confirmed

Study of the relationship between job satisfaction and service quality: A Case study in Tejarat Bank in Amol, Iran

Nowadays, only organizations meet the appropriate status in the competitive area that their main activity is directed to meet the needs of their customers and satisfy them at lowest price and best quality. In fact, successful and effective presence in local and world competitive markets with optimal use of facilities and appropriate utilization of new sources to produce and provide appropriate services with appropriate quality based on the customer satisfaction is an inevitable requirement. The main purpose of the research is to study the relationship between job satisfaction and banking service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. In this study, two standard questions meaning Lin's job satisfaction and Serqual's service quality have been used to collect information. The sample consists of 110 people employees and customers of these branches. In this study, based on Krejcie & Morgan's table, 86 workers and 384 customers of Tejarat Bank in Amol are chosen as samples. The results of the study indicated a positive and meaningful relationship between job satisfaction and service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. Results have shown the meaningful relationship between job satisfaction of workers and all aspects of service quality at branches under study

Study of the relationship between job satisfaction and service quality: A Case study in Tejarat Bank in Amol, Iran

Nowadays, only organizations meet the appropriate status in the competitive area that their main activity is directed to meet the needs of their customers and satisfy them at lowest price and best quality. In fact, successful and effective presence in local and world competitive markets with optimal use of facilities and appropriate utilization of new sources to produce and provide appropriate services with appropriate quality based on the customer satisfaction is an inevitable requirement. The main purpose of the research is to study the relationship between job satisfaction and banking service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. In this study, two standard questions meaning Lin's job satisfaction and Serqual's service quality have been used to collect information. The sample consists of 110 people employees and customers of these branches. In this study, based on Krejcie & Morgan's table, 86 workers and 384 customers of Tejarat Bank in Amol are chosen as samples. The results of the study indicated a positive and meaningful relationship between job satisfaction and service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. Results have shown the meaningful relationship between job satisfaction of workers and all aspects of service quality at branches under study

Study of the relationship between job satisfaction and service quality: A Case study in Tejarat Bank in Amol, Iran

Nowadays, only organizations meet the appropriate status in the competitive area that their main activity is directed to meet the needs of their customers and satisfy them at lowest price and best quality. In fact, successful and effective presence in local and world competitive markets with optimal use of facilities and appropriate utilization of new sources to produce and provide appropriate services with appropriate quality based on the customer satisfaction is an inevitable requirement. The main purpose of the research is to study the relationship between job satisfaction and banking service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. In this study, two standard questions meaning Lin's job satisfaction and Serqual's service quality have been used to collect information. The sample consists of 110 people employees and customers of these branches. In this study, based on Krejcie & Morgan's table, 86 workers and 384 customers of Tejarat Bank in Amol are chosen as samples. The results of the study indicated a positive and meaningful relationship between job satisfaction and service quality at branches of Tejarat bank in Amol. Results have shown the meaningful relationship between job satisfaction of workers and all aspects of service quality at branches under study

Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events

Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be associated with traumatic events that occurred in childhood and in adult life. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to explore the associations between attachment styles as a proxy of quality of social interaction, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events among individuals with MDD. Method: A total of 300 individuals with MDD (mean age: 31.31 years; 58.7% female) took part in this study. They completed a series of questionnaires on sociodemographic information, attachment styles, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events. Results: Prevalence rates for attachment styles were as follows: anxious/ambivalent attachment style—71.7%; avoidant/dependent attachment style—13%; secure/close attachment style—15.3%. Compared to the general population, the participants reported higher prevalence rates of insecure attachment styles. Current symptoms of dissociation were associated with adult but not childhood traumatic life events. An anxious attachment style was associated with higher scores of dissociation. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with MDD should consider the individuals’ challenging attachment styles and their risk of dissociation. While it is important to consider both adult and childhood traumatic events, in this research, more recent trauma occurring in adulthood was associated with current symptoms of dissociation

When Much Is Too Much—Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints

Background: Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers. Methods: A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18–22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1–6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances. Results: Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints. Conclusions: Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns

When Much Is Too Much - Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints

Background: Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers. Methods: A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18–22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1–6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances. Results: Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints. Conclusions: Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns