Estudiantes de alto rendimiento: compromiso académico, estrés académico y bienestar

La presente investigación buscó explorar la relación que existe entre el Compromiso Académico con Estrés Académico y Bienestar, en un grupo de 50 estudiantes peruanos de alto rendimiento de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Para medir el Compromiso académico se utilizó la escala UWESS-9 (Shaufeli & Bakker, 2003), para el Estrés Académico el cuestionario SISCO (Barraza, 2007) y para el Bienestar las escalas SPANE y Florecimiento (Diener, et al., 2010). La selección de los participantes se realizó mediante el método bola de nieve y la aplicación fue de manera individual. Los resultados revelaron una alta correlación positiva entre el Compromiso Académico y el Florecimiento (r=.59, p<.01) y una alta correlación negativa entre intensidad del Estrés y el Compromiso (r=-.51, p<.01). De los síntomas, solo se encontraron correlaciones negativas con los síntomas físicos y comportamentales. Asimismo, el análisis de regresión sugiere que un mayor nivel de florecimiento y un menor nivel de estrés predicen un mayor nivel de compromiso académico. Por otro lado, el 100% de los participantes reportó haber experimentado estrés con una intensidad medianamente alta durante el ciclo académico, pero también evidenciaron una tendencia a experimentar altos niveles de bienestar. En conclusión, los estudiantes que participaron en este estudio se sienten realizados, por lo que a pesar de sus altos niveles de estrés se sienten comprometidos y pueden mantener su rendimiento académico. Además, el compromiso está fuertemente determinado por el florecimiento y por la intensidad del estrés.High Performance Students: Academic Engagement, Academic Stress and Well-being This research seeks to explore the relationship between Academic Engagement to Academic Stress and Wellbeing, in a group of 50 high performance Peruvian students from a private university in Metropolitan Lima. The UWESS-9 scale (Shaufeli & Bakker, 2003) was used to measure the Academic Engagement, the SISCO questionnaire (Barraza, 2007) was used for measure Academic Stress, and the SPANE and Flourishing scales (Diener, et al., 2010) for Wellbeing. The participants were selected using the snowball method and the application was individually. The results revealed a high positive correlation between Academic Engagement and Flourishing (r = .59, p <.01) and a high negative correlation between Stress intensity and Engagement (r = -. 51, p <.01). Regarding the symptoms, only negative correlations were found between Engagement with the physical and behavioral symptoms. Also, the regression analysis suggests that a higher level of flourishing and a lower level of stress predict a higher level of Academic Engagement. On the other hand, 100% of the participants reported experiencing stress with a moderately high intensity during the academic cycle, but they also showed a tendency to experience high levels of well-being. In conclusion, the students who participated in this study feel fulfilled, so that despite their high levels of stress they feel engaged and can maintain their academic performance. In addition, Academic Engagement is strongly determined by the Flourishing and by the intensity of the Stress.Tesi

DELIKAT – Fachdialoge Deliberative Demokratie: Analyse Partizipativer Verfahren für den Transformationsprozess

Das Projekt erfasst und bewertet die Potenziale existierender Partizipationsformate für die Transformation des politischen Systems zu einer kooperativen und deliberativen Demokratie. Angestrebt wird kein Alternativentwurf zu einer repräsentativen Demokratie, sondern Empfehlungen für eine Ergänzung dieser Regierungsform durch kooperative und deliberative Elemente, die der gesellschaftlichen Forderung nach einem „Mehr an Beteiligung“ Rechnung tragen. Den Hintergrund für die theoretische Reflexion bildet die normative Annahme, dass die Öffentlichkeit nicht nur an Wahlprozessen beteiligt sein soll, sondern auch an der Entscheidungsvorbereitung und der Abwägung von kollektiv verbindlichen Handlungsoptionen, von deren Konsequenzen sie in ihrem Lebensumfeld betroffen sein werden. Anhand der Ergebnisse des Projektes ergeben sich Anknüpfungspunkte für zukünftige Vorhaben auf zwei Ebenen. Die Partizipationsmatrix bietet auf der Verfahrensebene gute Möglichkeiten zur Kombination und Rekombination einzelner Verfahren wie auch Verfahrensbestandteile. Die Politikempfehlungen zeigen weitergehend konkrete Wege für die Umsetzung einer neuen Partizipationskultur durch Politik und Verwaltung im Sinne eines neuen Mainstreamings von Partizipation. Diese sprechen sich im Kern dafür aus, mehr Beteiligung zu wagen, ja, eine „Kultur der Beteiligung“ zu etablieren. Diese ist jedoch an Voraussetzungen gebunden, die ebenso aufgeführt werden. Der institutionelle Unterbau einer solchen Beteiligungskultur wird letztlich in einem Mainstreaming von Partizipation auf allen Ebenen von Politik und Verwaltung lokalisiert.The project detects and evaluates the potential of existing participation formats to transform the political system into a cooperative and deliberative democracy. The aim is to develop recommendations for the integration of cooperative and deliberative elements into representative democracy, rather than to develop an alternative model. These new elements take societal demands for increased involvement into account. The normative assumption that the public should not only be involved in elections but also in the preparation of collectively binding decisions and in the assignment of trade-offs between various political options serves as the basis for the theoretical reflection. The results of this project have significant implications for future projects on two levels. On the procedural level, the participation matrix offers opportunities for combining and recombining individual procedures and procedural elements. On the substantive level, the political recommendations offer structural advise on how to realise a new participation culture through politics and administration. This can also be described as a “mainstreaming” of participation. The recommendations promote attempts at increased participation and the establishment of a “culture of participation”. This, however, is bound to certain conditions, which are also listed and explained. Ultimately, the institutional foundation of such a participation culture is localised in a serious attempt to implement mainstreaming of participation on all levels of politics and administration

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Insights into and Recommendations from Three Real-World Laboratories : An Experience-Based Comparison

Real-world laboratories (RwLs) from an inside perspective: comparing interior design, sustainable development, transformation and learning in three RwLs, we present core issues for the future design of RwLs.Real-world laboratories (RwLs) as a new format within transdisciplinary science aim at promoting learning for and transformation towards sustainability. However, what are essential aspects to take into account while initiating and stabilizing such processes within RwLs? Comparing lessons learned of three German RwLs (BaWü Labs), we show that for establishing RwLs as melting pots for transdisciplinary research and societal transformation, four properties are crucial: an interior design that enables transdisciplinary research and intervention (in particular real-world experiments) based on a stable infrastructure; sustainability as guiding and operationalized principle for differentiating the format “RwL” from other labs; overarching research programs for assessing transformative effects of RwLs and didactic concepts suitable for RwL circumstances. Since RwLs mainly address a long-term cultural change, a long-term funding and research structure are essential as well.</jats:p