Studi Komparasi Perbandingan Rencana Anggaran Biaya Antara Metode Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan (AHSP) Dan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)

Dalam satu pekerjaan konstruksi anggaran biaya merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kelancaran pelaksanaanaan pekerjaan. Perhitungan Rencana Anggaran Biaya Pekerjaan Konstruksi di Indonesi sudah berubah beberapa kali dengan menyesuaikan kondisi pekembangan jaman. Metode AHSP (Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan) merupakan metode perhitungan anggaran terbaru setelah SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia). Walaupun begitu perhitungan anggaran menggunanakan metode SNI masih sering digunakan . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar selisih RAB dengan perhitungan menggunakan metode AHSP dan metode SNI. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisa Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) proyek Pekerjaan Pembangunan Gedung Rawat Inap Puskesmas Grabag Kabupaten Purworejo dengan menghitung ulang harga satuan pekerjaan menggunakan metode AHSP dan SNI dengan harga satuan upah dan bahan tahun 2020 untuk wilayah Kabupaten Purworejo. Sehingga hasil rencana anggaran biaya bangunan dari kedua metode tersebut dapat diketahu berapa selisih dengan menggunakan dua metode perhitungan tersebut . Metode yang digunakan adalah metode. deskriptif kuantitatif Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan analisis dan perhitungan ulang rencana anggaran biaya pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Rawat Inap Puskesmas Grabag Kabupaten Purworejo dengan cara perbandingan atau komparasi terhadap dua metode yang berbeda yakni Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan (AHSP) Bidang Cipta Karya tahun 2016 dan Analisa Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) . Hasil perhitungan Rencana Anggaran Biaya Bangunan (RAB) Proyek Pekerjaan Pembangunan Gedung Rawat Inap Puskesmas Grabag Kabupaten Purworejo dengan menggunakan metode AHSP adalah Rp 935.000.000,00 sementara dengan menggunakan metode SNI adalah Rp 841.000.000,00 dengan menggunakan metode AHSP lebih besar dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode SNI

Manufacturing Process Analysis for Simultaneous Synthesis and Deposition of Turbostratic Graphene on Absorbers in Solar Thermal Collector Applications

The absorber section is a critical component in solar thermal collectors and is responsible for converting electromagnetic radiation into sensible thermal energy. The optical properties of the surface of the absorber dictates the effectiveness of this conversion. In this work, a manufacturing process is designed to provide bulk surface treatment for solar absorber plates in order to enhance their radiative properties. The process utilizes a novel approach of graphene synthesis and simultaneous deposition via high pressure blasting of graphite. The results show enhanced spectral, thermal and electrochemical performance of the absorber due to the turbostratic nature of graphene adhesion to its surface, especially when three blasting passes are used. The absorptivity of the absorber exhibited a 7% increase when three passes were applied on its surface. Using graphene has also enhanced the corrosion resistance of the absorber plate. This manufacturing system will provide a facile yet effective treatment of absorbers with various degrees of automation. Applied as a final layer, the process can be retrofitted to existing manufacturing facilities with minimum overhead costs

Manufacturing Process Analysis for Simultaneous Synthesis and Deposition of Turbostratic Graphene on Absorbers in Solar Thermal Collector Applications

The absorber section is a critical component in solar thermal collectors and is responsible for converting electromagnetic radiation into sensible thermal energy. The optical properties of the surface of the absorber dictates the effectiveness of this conversion. In this work, a manufacturing process is designed to provide bulk surface treatment for solar absorber plates in order to enhance their radiative properties. The process utilizes a novel approach of graphene synthesis and simultaneous deposition via high pressure blasting of graphite. The results show enhanced spectral, thermal and electrochemical performance of the absorber due to the turbostratic nature of graphene adhesion to its surface, especially when three blasting passes are used. The absorptivity of the absorber exhibited a 7% increase when three passes were applied on its surface. Using graphene has also enhanced the corrosion resistance of the absorber plate. This manufacturing system will provide a facile yet effective treatment of absorbers with various degrees of automation. Applied as a final layer, the process can be retrofitted to existing manufacturing facilities with minimum overhead costs

Experiments on Aluminum-Copper Alloys Properties as Solar Absorbers

Abstract In this paper, selecting absorber materials for solar collectors is experimentally investigated. Copper and aluminum alloys were cast at four different percentages of each, then their grain structure was examined and comprehensive solar tests were conducted to measure the heat capacity of each alloy and compare that with the available solar irradiance available at the test site at the Hashemite University in Zarqa, Jordan

Outlook of carbon capture technology and challenges

The greenhouse gases emissions produced by industry and power plants are the cause of climate change. An effective approach for limiting the impact of such emissions is adopting modern Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology that can capture more than 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from power plants. This paper presents an evaluation of state-of-the-art technologies used in the capturing CO2. The main capturing strategies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy – combustion are reviewed and compared. Various challenges associated with storing and transporting the CO2 from one location to the other are also presented. Furthermore, recent advancements of CCS technology are discussed to highlight the latest progress made by the research community in developing affordable carbon capture and storage systems. Finally, the future prospects and sustainability aspects of CCS technology as well as policies developed by different countries concerning such technology are presented

Graphene synthesis techniques and environmental applications

Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications

Parametric Study of a Single Effect Lithium Bromide-Water Absorption Chiller Powered by a Renewable Heat Source

This work investigates the performance of a single-effect absorption chiller utilizing an aqueous lithium bromide solution as the working fluid and driven by hot fluid rejected from either a geothermal power plant or the outlet of a thermal solar collector. This relatively low enthalpy return fluid, which will otherwise be reinjected back into the earth, will be utilized as the thermal energy source of the chiller. Although such chillers are considered low-grade energy refrigeration cycles, the one proposed here has an advantage in terms of economy and efficiency. A parametric analysis is performed using Engineering Equation Solver software and is used to highlight the effect of the heat exchanger size on the coefficient of performance of the chiller. The analysis proved that the proposed device can operate with excellent cooling capacity, reaching 16 kW, and a relatively high coefficient of performance (~ 0.7) while being driven by the low-grade energy. The heat source temperature, solution heat exchanger effectiveness and the size of the absorber were shown to be key parameters for the design and operation of absorption chillers. Moreover, increasing the heat source mass flow rate has a significant impact on both cooling capacity and coefficient of performance at low values (< 10 kg/s) and unnoticeable impact at higher values (> 10 kg/s)

Energy Storage for Water Desalination Systems Based on Renewable Energy Resources

Recently, water desalination (WD) has been required for the supply of drinking water in a number of countries. Various technologies of WD utilize considerable thermal and/or electrical energies for removing undesirable salts. Desalination systems now rely on renewable energy resources (RERs) such as geothermal, solar, tidal, wind power, etc. The intermittent nature and changeable intensity constrain the wide applications of renewable energy, so the combination of energy storage systems (ESSs) with WD in many locations has been introduced. Thermal energy storage (TES) needs a convenient medium for storing and hence reuses energy. The present work provides a good background on the methods and technologies of WD. Furthermore, the concepts of both thermal and electrical energy storage are presented. In addition, a detailed review of employing ESSs in various WD processes driven by RERs is presented. The integration of energy storage with water desalination systems (WDSs) based on renewable energy has a much better capability, economically and environmentally, compared with conventional desalination systems. The ESSs are required to guarantee a constant supply of fresh water over the day

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies: Status and analysis

Concentrated solar power (CSP) technology is a promising renewable energy technology worldwide. However, many challenges facing this technology nowadays. These challenges are mentioned in this review study. For the first time, this work summarized and compared around 143 CSP projects worldwide in terms of status, capacity, concentrator technologies, land use factor, efficiency, country and many other factors. Further, the various challenges facing the spread-out of this system are highlighted in terms of the heat transfer fluids (HTF), various energy storage (ES) technologies, cooling techniques, water management, and the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE). Also, various thermophysical properties of the HTF are compared within the applicable range of the CSP operation. At the end of the review, various hybridization technologies for the CSP with various renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic, wind, and geothermal, are highlighted and compared. The pioneering country in using CSP, leading concentrator technology, suitable ES technology, and efficient hybrid technique based on the LCOE are determined. The analyzed data in this study is essential for predicting the future of the CSP in the markets and its contribution to reducing global warming potential

State-of-the-art technologies for building-integrated photovoltaic systems

Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance of roof/façade-based BIPV systems and the affecting parameters on cooling/heating loads of buildings are reviewed. Moreover, this work provides an overview of different categories of BIPV, presenting the recent developments and sufficient references, and supporting more successful implementations of BIPV for various globe zones. A number of available technologies decide the best selections, and make easy configuration of the BIPV, avoiding any difficulties, and allowing flexibility of design in order to adapt to local environmental conditions, and are adequate to important considerations, such as building codes, building structures and loads, architectural components, replacement and maintenance, energy resources, and all associated expenditure. The passive and active effects of both air-based and water-based BIPV systems have great effects on the cooling and heating loads and thermal comfort and, hence, on the electricity consumption