Kadmiyuma maruz bırakılan diyabetik ratlara alfa lipoik asit ve insülin uygulanmasının olası düzenleyici etkileri

Neslihan Tekin (Aksaray, Yazar)Objective: Environmental exposure to the cadmium (Cd), is associated with hyperglycemia and reduced serum insulin. This investigation was planned to assess the effects of Lipoic Acid (LA) and insulin on glycolytic enzymes, liver marker enzymes and lipids in Cd exposed diabetic rats. Material and methods: Male Wistar rats were separated into 7 groups (n=8 in each group). Groups were designed as control, diabetic control, diabetic + CdCl2, diabetic + insulin, diabetic + CdCl2 + insulin, diabetic + CdCl2 + LA, anddiabetic + CdCl2 + insulin + LA groups. Type 1 diabetes was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) into 6 groups. Insulin (4 IU/kg/day) was given subcutaneously (s.c.) to insulin treated groups. CdCl2 (1,2 mg/kg/day) was given s.c. to CdCl2 treated groups. LA (100 mg/kg/day) was given i.p. to LA treated groups. CdCl2, LA, and insulin treatment were started 2 days after intraperitoneal STZ injection and continued for 3 weeks. Serum glucose, AST, ALT, BUN, LDL, HDL, and TG levels and liver hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), whole blood HbA1c level, and Na+/K+ATPase activity were evaluated. Results: In diabetic group, serum glucose, HbA1c, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, and BUN levels were higher than cont- rol, but HDL was lower. In liver tissue, activities of Na+/ K+ATPase, HK and PK activities were decreased in dia- betic control group. PK, HK and Na+/K+ATPase activities were increased in liver in diabetic+CdCl2 and Diabeti- c+Insulin+CdCl2 groups. An increase was determined in activities of HK, PK, and Na+/K+ATPase in insulin and LA treated groups compared with diabetic control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that application of insulin and LA could be an effective therapeutic intervention against liver injury caused by Cd and STZ.Amaç: Kadmiyuma (Cd) çevresel maruziyet hiperglisemi ve azalmış serum insülini ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma, Cd’ye maruz kalmış diyabetik ratlarda Lipoik Asit (LA) ve insülinin glikolitik enzimler, karaciğer marker enzimleri ve lipidler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Erkek Wistar sıçanları 7 gruba ayrıldı (n = 8). Gruplar kontrol, diyabetik kontrol, diyabet + CdCl2, diyabet + insülin, diyabet + CdCl2 + insülin, diyabet + CdCl2 + LA ve diyabet + CdCl2 + insülin + LA gruplarından oluştu. Tip 1 diyabet, 6 gruba intraperitoneal (i.p.) streptozotosin (STZ) (65 mg / kg) enjeksiyonu ile indüklendi. İnsülin (4 IU/kg/gün), insülin ile tedavi edilen gruplara subkutan (s.c.) verildi. CdCl2 (1,2 mg/kg/gün), CdCl2 ile tedavi edilen gruplara s.c. verildi. LA (100 mg/ kg/gün), LA ile tedavi edilen gruplara i.p. verildi. CdCl2 ve insülin tedavisi, intraperitoneal STZ enjeksiyonundan 2 gün sonra başlatıldı ve 3 hafta sürdürüldü. Serum glukoz, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, LDL, HDL ve TG düzeyleri, tam kan HbA1c düzeyi ve karaciğer heksokinaz (HK), piruvat kinaz (PK) ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitesi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Diyabetik grupta serum glukoz, HbA1c, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP ve BUN düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulundu, ancak HDL daha düşüktü. Diyabetik kontrol grubu karaciğer dokusunda Na+/K+ ATPaz, HK ve PK aktivitesi azaldı. Diabetik + CdCl2 ve Diabetik+İnsulin+CdCl2 gruplarında karaciğerde PK, HK ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitesi arttı. İnsülin ve LA ile tedavi edilen gruplarda HK, PK ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitelerinde diyabetik kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında artış saptandı. Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar insülin ve LA uygulamasının Cd ve STZ’nin neden olduğu karaciğer hasarına karşı etkili bir terapötik müdahale olabileceğini düşündürmektedir

Possible regulatory effects of application of alpha lipoic acid and insulin against cadmium exposed diabetic rats

Tekin Çürük, Neslihan ( Aksaray, Yazar )Kadmiyuma (Cd) çevresel maruziyet hiperglisemi ve azalmış serum insülini ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma, Cd’ye maruz kalmış diyabetik ratlarda Lipoik Asit (LA) ve insülinin glikolitik enzimler, karaciğer marker enzimleri ve lipidler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için tasarlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Erkek Wistar sıçanları 7 gruba ayrıldı (n = 8). Gruplar kontrol, diyabetik kontrol, diyabet + CdCl2, diyabet + insülin, diyabet + CdCl2 + insülin, diyabet + CdCl2 + LA ve diyabet + CdCl2 + insülin + LA gruplarından oluştu. Tip 1 diyabet, 6 gruba intraperitoneal (i.p.) streptozotosin (STZ) (65 mg / kg) enjeksiyonu ile indüklendi. İnsülin (4 IU/kg/gün), insülin ile tedavi edilen gruplara subkutan (s.c.) verildi. CdCl2 (1,2 mg/kg/gün), CdCl2 ile tedavi edilen gruplara s.c. verildi. LA (100 mg/ kg/gün), LA ile tedavi edilen gruplara i.p. verildi. CdCl2 ve insülin tedavisi, intraperitoneal STZ enjeksiyonundan 2 gün sonra başlatıldı ve 3 hafta sürdürüldü. Serum glukoz, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, LDL, HDL ve TG düzeyleri, tam kan HbA1c düzeyi ve karaciğer heksokinaz (HK), piruvat kinaz (PK) ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitesi değerlendirildi. BULGULAR: Diyabetik grupta serum glukoz, HbA1c, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP ve BUN düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulundu, ancak HDL daha düşüktü. Diyabetik kontrol grubu karaciğer dokusunda Na+/K+ ATPaz, HK ve PK aktivitesi azaldı. Diabetik + CdCl2 ve Diabetik+İnsulin+CdCl2 gruplarında karaciğerde PK, HK ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitesi arttı. İnsülin ve LA ile tedavi edilen gruplarda HK, PK ve Na+/K+ ATPaz aktivitelerinde diyabetik kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında artış saptandı. SONUÇ: Bu sonuçlar insülin ve LA uygulamasının Cd ve STZ’nin neden olduğu karaciğer hasarına karşı etkili bir terapötik müdahale olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Environmental exposure to the cadmium (Cd), is associated with hyperglycemia and reduced serum insulin. This investigation was planned to assess the effects of Lipoic Acid (LA) and insulin on glycolytic enzymes, liver marker enzymes and lipids in Cd exposed diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were separated into 7 groups (n=8 in each group). Groups were designed as control, diabetic control, diabetic + CdCl2, diabetic + insulin, diabetic + CdCl2 + insulin, diabetic + CdCl2 + LA, anddiabetic + CdCl2 + insulin + LA groups. Type 1 diabetes was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) into 6 groups. Insulin (4 IU/kg/day) was given subcutaneously (s.c.) to insulin treated groups. CdCl2 (1,2 mg/kg/day) was given s.c. to CdCl2 treated groups. LA (100 mg/kg/day) was given i.p. to LA treated groups. CdCl2, LA, and insulin treatment were started 2 days after intraperitoneal STZ injection and continued for 3 weeks. Serum glucose, AST, ALT, BUN, LDL, HDL, and TG levels and liver hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), whole blood HbA1c level, and Na+/K+ATPase activity were evaluated. RESULTS: In diabetic group, serum glucose, HbA1c, TG, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP, and BUN levels were higher than cont- rol, but HDL was lower. In liver tissue, activities of Na+/ K+ATPase, HK and PK activities were decreased in dia- betic control group. PK, HK and Na+/K+ATPase activities were increased in liver in diabetic+CdCl2 and Diabeti- c+Insulin+CdCl2 groups. An increase was determined in activities of HK, PK, and Na+/K+ATPase in insulin and LA treated groups compared with diabetic control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that application of insulin and LA could be an effective therapeutic intervention against liver injury caused by Cd and STZ

The effect of fucoidin on kidney and lung injury in a rat infrarenal aortic ischemia-reperfusion model

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fucoidin on rat kidney and lung in an infraaortic ishemia reperfusion model. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 8) as sham, control (IR), before ischemia (BI), before reperfusion (BR), and before ischemia and before reperfusion (BI/BR). Rats were subjected to 120 minutes ischemia followed by 120 minutes reperfusion with application of infrarenal aortic clamping. BI received intravenous fucoidin (25 mg/kg) ten minutes before establishing ischemia and BR received ten minutes before reperfusion. BI/BR group received half equal doses of fucoidin both before ischemia (12.5 mg/kg) and reperfusion (12.5 mg/kg) periods, respectively. After sacrification blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Catalase (CAT), Plasma Chitotriosidase (CHIT) and serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA)) and histologic examinations. Results MDA, NO, MPO, CAT, and IMA levels were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p &lt; 0.001). Plasma CHIT levels in BR and BI/BR groups were lower than in control group ( p &lt; 0.05). According to histological examination kidney and lung injury scores were lower in BR and BI/BR groups compared to control group ( p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The study showed that fucoidin is effective in preventing kidney and lung injury if administered before reperfusion or both before ischemia and reperfusion. However, it has no effect if administered only before ischemia.Keywordsfucoidin,&nbsp;ischemia reperfusion,&nbsp;abdominal aorta,&nbsp;kidney injury,&nbsp;lung injury,&nbsp;remote organ injury</div

Effect of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism on free radical generation in swimmers

A implementação da tecnologia de array CGH como rotina no diagnóstico pré-natal tem vindo a ser discutida nos últimos tempos. Contudo, esta introdução necessita de uma estratégia adequada que garanta a obtenção de DNA de qualidade diretamente a partir de amostras fetais, sem recorrer a cultura de células. Neste estudo delineou-se e otimizou-se uma estratégia de extração e purificação de DNA a partir de líquido amniótico direto, que permitiu a realização de array CGH em diagnóstico pré-natal. Foram selecionados dois protocolos comerciais de extração de DNA que foram otimizados e comparados entre si, de modo a determinar o que apresentava melhor rendimento e qualidade. O controlo da qualidade do DNA obtido foi feito recorrendo a espectrofotometria, a análise do grau de fragmentação através de corrida em gel de agarose e a uma validação dos resultados através de aplicação comparativa numa plataforma de array CGH 180K. A estratégia que garantiu melhores concentrações de DNA de qualidade para análise foi validada recorrendo a 10 amostras de líquido amniótico direto. O estudo efetuado demonstrou que a maioria das amostras, principalmente com um menor número de semanas de gestação, necessitam da realização de um protocolo adicional de concentração e purificação de DNA, para além do protocolo de extração de DNA, de modo a garantir os parâmetros mínimos de quantidade e qualidade para a realização de pelo menos um ensaio de array CGH. A comparação de DNA extraído pelos dois protocolos otimizados não revelou diferenças significativas entre si, e, como tal, optou-se por adotar, na estratégia de extração, o protocolo com a melhor relação custo/benefício. A validação da estratégia estudada em 10 amostras de líquido amniótico revelou valores de quantidade e qualidade de DNA que permitem a realização de array CGH para os volumes iniciais de líquido testados. Os resultados deste trabalho reforçam a importância da tecnologia de array CGH em DPN e demonstram uma estratégia de extração, concentração e purificação de DNA, partindo de líquido amniótico direto recolhido a partir das 15 semanas de gestação com parâmetros de quantidade/qualidade que permitem a realização de array CGH.The implementation of array CGH as a routine in prenatal diagnosis has recently been discussed. However, this introduction needs a proper strategy that ensures obtaining quality DNA directly from fetal samples. This study a strategy was outlined and optimized for extraction and purification of DNA from uncultured amniotic fluid, which allowed for array CGH in prenatal diagnosis. Two DNA extraction protocols were selected, optimized and compared in order to determine which of them had better yield and quality. The quality control of the DNA obtained was done using spectrophotometry, the analysis of the degree of fragmentation by running agarose gel and a validation of results through a comparative application of array CGH 180K platform. The strategy that assured better concentrations of quality DNA for analysis was validated using 10 samples of amniotic fluid directly. The study shows that the majority of the samples, particularly those with a smaller number of weeks of pregnancy, need to complete an additional protocol for concentration and purification of DNA, in addition to the DNA extraction protocol, in order to ensure the minimum parameters of quantity and quality to perform at least one test array CGH. A comparison of DNA extracted by the two optimized protocols revealed no significant differences between them, and so, it was decided to adopt the least expensive protocol in the strategy of extraction. The validation of the strategy studied in 10 amniotic fluid samples revealed values of quantity and quality of DNA that allow to carry out the array CGH for the initial liquid volumes tested. The results of this study reinforce the importance of array CGH technology in prenatal diagnosis and demonstrate a strategy of extraction, concentration and purification of DNA, from direct amniotic fluid collected from 15 weeks of gestation with parameters of quantity / quality that enable to carry out of array CGH

Effects of S-allyl cysteine on lung and liver tissue in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis

WOS: 000350311800006PubMed: 25480742Sepsis is characterized by a severe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other radical species with consequent oxidative stress. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a water-soluble organosulfur component present in garlic which is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. In the present study, the purpose was to explore the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions of SAC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups. These were control, SAC control, sepsis, and sepsis + SAC-induced groups. Sepsis was induced by administration of LPS (5 mg/kg) into 2 groups. SAC (50 mg/kg) was given orally to SAC control and SAC treatment groups per 12 h during 2 days after intraperitoneal LPS injection. Serum AST, ALT, ALP, and hsCRP levels and liver and lung MPO, NO, and DNA fragmentation levels were evaluated. In sepsis group, elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and hsCRP were observed. The abnormal increases were decreased in sepsis + SAC group compared to sepsis group. In lung tissue, MPO and NO levels were increased in sepsis group compared to the control group. MPO activity and NO levels were decreased by SAC application in sepsis + SAC group compared with sepsis group. In liver tissue, DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in sepsis group than that in the control group. In contrast, a decreased level of DNA fragmentation was noted in sepsis + SAC group when compared with the sepsis group. In conclusion, SAC ameliorates LPS-induced indicators of liver damage and suppresses the discharge of NO and MPO in lung tissue via its antioxidant properties