Skip Ring/Circular Skip List: Circular Linked List Based New Data Structure

A linked list is a data structure consisting of a group of nodes which together represent a sequence. Linked lists are used in skip list data structures. They consist of a layered structure and all nodes are in the bottom layer. These nodes are reduced to half towards upper layers and thus a pyramid-like structure is formed, which facilitates search, insertion and removal operations. A circular linked list is a type of linked list in which the last node of the list points back to the first node. Our new data structure, skip ring, is created with the help of circular linked list and skip list data structures. In circular linked list, operations are performed on a single round robin list. However, our new data structure consists of circular link lists formed in layers which are linked in a conical way. Time complexity of search, insertion and deletion equals to O (lg N) in an N-element skip ring data structure. Therefore, skip ring data structure is employed more effectively (O(lg N)) in circumstances where circular linked lists (O(N)) are used. Keywords: Skip Ring, Circular Skip List, Circular Linked List, Skip List, Data Structure

Optimal Liquidation with Conditions on Minimum Price

The classical optimal trading problem is the closure of a position in an asset over a time interval; the trader maximizes an expected utility under the constraint that the position be fully closed by terminal time. Since the asset price is stochastic, the liquidation constraint may be too restrictive; the trader may want to relax it or slow down/stop trading depending on price behavior. We consider two additional parameters that serve these purposes within the Almgren-Chriss framework: a binary valued process $I$ that prescribes when trading takes place and a measurable set $S$ that prescribes when full liquidation is required. We give four examples for $S$ and $I$ which are defined in terms of a lower bound for the price process. The terminal cost of the control problem is $\infty$ over $S$ representing the liquidation constraint. The permanent price impact parameter enters the problem as the negative part of the terminal cost over $S^c$. $I$ modifies the running cost. A terminal cost that can take negative values implies 1) the backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) associated with the value function of the control problem can explode to $-\infty$ backward in time and 2) existence results on minimal supersolutions of BSDE with singular terminal values and monotone drivers are not directly applicable. A key part of the solution is an assumption that balances market volume and the permanent price impact parameter and a lower bound on the BSDE based on this assumption. When liquidation costs are quadratic, the problem is convex and, under a general filtration, the minimal supersolution of the BSDE gives the value function and the optimal control. For the non-quadratic case, we assume a stochastic volatility model and focus on choices of $I$ and $S$ that are Markovian or can be broken into Markovian pieces. These give PDE/PDE-system representations for the value functions.Comment: 56 pages, 12 figures, supported by TUBITAK Grant no 118F16

QbD Implementation in Biotechnological Product Development Studies

Biotechnological drug development is an extensive area still growing and coming into prominence day by day. Since biotechnological product manufacturing is irreversible, highly expensive, and contains so many critical parameters throughout the process, quality control tests applied to the finished product become inefficacious; therefore, maintaining predefined quality is crucial. Quality by Design (QbD), a systematic approach, is designing and optimizing of formulation and production processes in order to provide a predefined product quality by following a risk and scientific-based path. Determining the critical variables for biotechnological products and their manufacturing via risk assessment is the first and most vital stage of QbD approach, before exploring the multivariate relations among the independent and dependent critical variables by mathematical modeling with the assistive technologies. Response Surface Method (RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are some of the assistive technologies used to perform mathematical modeling. After modeling, additional knowledge is vested and this provides the chance to find a range in which the product quality is always ensured, called as “Design space”. So, product quality is procured all along the process by keeping the critical variables under control with less effort, money, and mistakes

An evaluation of educational supervision from the perspective of critical theoryEleştirel kuram perspektifinden eğitim denetimine ilişkin bir değerlendirme

This study aims to take the educational supervisors’ ideas on the process of supervision and their roles  from the critical theory perspective. In this study designed with survey method, data were collected through semi structured interview forms and evaluated with content analysis. The working group of the study is ten education supervisors working in Manisa. As a result of the study, it was found that supervisors mostly delivered positive opinions in such dimensions of supervision as democratic, individual differences, communication, human relations; they adopted an ideal supervisory practice and reflected that to the process; they considered the supervision process as an interdisciplinary field and discussed it in terms of its relationship with society and culture, economy, and politics and lastly they delivered positive opinions about the role of curriculum and technology as the tools of education and teaching.  However it was determined that although the supervisors generally adopt an inclusive attitude in terms of democratic and pluralism, they have some kind of prejudices and has reflected this to their expressions; the relationships of supervision with society, culture, economy and politics haven’t been so comprehensive and remained at a micro level and lastly they didn’t deliver critical opinions on the role of curriculum and technology, they discussed it just in terms of constructivist theory. ÖzetBu araştırma il eğitim denetmenlerinin mevcut denetim sürecine ve denetmenlik rollerine ilişkin görüşlerini eleştirel kuram perspektifinden ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Tarama modelinde tasarımlanan bu çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla veriler toplanmış ve betimsel analiz kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Manisa ilinde görev yapmakta olan 10 il eğitim denetmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, denetmenlerin genel olarak denetimin önemli unsurları olan demokratiklik, bireysel farklılıklar, iletişim, insan ilişkileri boyutlarında olumlu görüş belirtikleri ve ideal bir denetim sürecini benimsedikleri ve bunu sürece yansıttıkları; denetimi disiplinlerarası bir alan olarak gördükleri ve toplum, ekonomi, politika ile ilişkileri bağlamında ele aldıkları ve müfredat ve teknolojinin öğretim sürecindeki rolüne ilişkin genelde olumlu görüş bildirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla beraber, denetmenlerin demokratiklik ve çoğulculuk bağlamında  kapsayıcı bir tutumu benimsemelerine rağmen, temelde birtakım önyargılara sahip oldukları ve bunu ifadelerine yansıttıkları, toplum-ekonomi-ve politika ilişkisi bağlamında kurulan ilişkilerin daha mikro düzeyde kaldığı ve öğretimde müfredat ve teknolojinin rolüne ilişkin eleştirel görüşler sunmadıkları, bunları sadece yapılandırmacılık yaklaşımı bağlamında ele aldıkları  da bu araştırmayla ortaya çıkan diğer sonuçlar arasındadır. 

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE (DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY SAMPLE)

Bu araştırma, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi öğretim elemanlarının örgüt kültürü ile onun alt boyutlarında yapılan uygulamalara katılma derecelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2003 yılında Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesine ait Fakülteler, Yüksekokullar, Meslek Yüksek Okulları, Enstitüler ve Rektörlük kadrosunda çalışan 2946 öğretim elemanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma anketi, araştırma örneklemine alınan 492 öğretim elemanına uygulanmış, 477 araştırma anketi değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, örgüt kültürü ile örgüt kültürünün alt boyutlarında yer alan uygulamaları ölçmeye yarayan likert tipi derecelendirme ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, veri gruplarının türüne göre t, r ve tek yönlü varyans analizi testleri kullanılmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi testi sonucunda farkın önemli çıktığı durumlarda, farkın hangi grup ya da grupların ortalamasından kaynaklandığını bulmak için LSD testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkenleri olan "örgüt kültürü ile onun alt boyutlarında yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri" ile bağımsız değişkenleri öğretim elemanı özellikleri (cinsiyetleri, medeni halleri, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesinde görev yapma süreleri, unvanları, yönetsel görev, lisansüstü eğitimde yurtdışında bulunma, görev yerleri) arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Yapılan istatiksel çözümleme sonucunda şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir: 1. Medeni durumlarına göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, yönetim alt boyutunda yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri önemli farklılık göstermektedir. 2. İşyerindeki unvanlarına göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, örgüte bağlılık-örgütle özdeşleşme alt boyutunda yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri önemli farklılık göstermektedir. 3. Yönetsel görevinin olması ya da olmamasına göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, çalışma ortamı-değişikliklere uyum alt boyutunda yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri önemli farklılık göstermektedir. 4. Cinsiyetine, yönetsel görevinin olması ya da olmamasına göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, işbirliği-iletişim alt boyutunda yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri önemli farklılık göstermektedir. 5. Cinsiyetine, yönetsel görevinin olması ya da olmamasına göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, törenler-toplantılar, dil, maddi kültür öğeleri alt boyutunda yapılan uygulamalara katılma dereceleri önemli farklılık göstermektedir. 6. Görev yerlerine göre öğretim elemanlarının, örgütsel kültürün, örgüte bağlılık-örgütle özdeşleşme alt boyutunda 2yapılan uygulamalara katılma derecelerinde önemli farklılık bulunmaktadır. The aim of this study is caried on to clarify the Dokuz Eylül Univercity lecturers' perception about organizational culture. The survey consist of the faculties, high schools, profession schools, instutions, belongs to the Dokuz Eylül Univercity in 2003 and 2946 lecturers employed in chancellor's staff. The survey questionnaire is applied to 492 lecturers, 477 questionnaires are assed. İn the survey as a means of data collecting "organizational culture" scale is applied. İn the analysis of data, t, r, and One Way ANOVA tests have been used according to the type of data groups. İn case of significiant difference at the end of One Way ANOVA test, LSD test has been applied in order to find out which group's average caused the difference. İn the survey the realation between the dependent variables lectures' perception of "organizational culture" and the independent variables lecturers (sex, mariage status, howlong he has been employed in the Dokuz Eylül Univercity, title, administrative mission, having master degree abroad, place of work) is dealt with. İn the result of statistical analyze, these are the findings: 1. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of administration there is meaningful diffrence acording to their maritial status. 2. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of depending on organization and devotion to the organization, there is a meaningful difference according to their titles. 3. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of adaption to changes in working place there is a meaningful difference according to whether they have a mission in administration or not. 4. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of cooperation and communication there is a meaningful difference according to their sexes, whether they have a mission in administration or not. 5. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of ceremonies, meetings, language, concrete, cultural elements, there is a meaningful difference according to lecturers' sexes, whether they have a mission in administration or not. 6. Lecturers' perception of organizational culture from the point of depending on and devotion to the organization there is a meaningful difference according to their working place faculties, high school, profession schools

Clopidogrel responsiveness in chronic kidney disease patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is conflicting evidence about effect of CKD on clopidogrel responsiveness. We aimed to evaluate the clopidogrel responsiveness in CKD patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 101 patients; 55 with moderate to severe CKD and 46 with normal renal function or mild CKD, hospitalized with ACS were included in our study. Multiplate test was used to determine clopidogrel responsiveness. Platelet aggregation results were presented as aggregation unit (AU)*min and values over 470 AU*min were accepted as clopidogrel low responders. Results: The 101 patients (mean age 64.76±8.67 years; 61 [60.4%] male) were grouped into the two study groups as follows: group 1; 55 patients with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and group 2; 46 patients with eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2. 35 patients (34.7%) of the study population were found to have low response to clopidogrel (16 [34.8%] patients in group 1 and 18 [33.3%] patients in group 2, p=0.879) . There was no significant difference between group 1 and 2 for Multiplate test results (414.67±281.21 vs 421.56±316.19 AU*min, p=0.909). Clopidogrel low responsiveness were independently related to Multiplate test results of aspirin responsiveness (OR=1.004, CI 1.002–1.007, p=0.001) and hemoglobin (OR=0.727, CI 0.571–0.925, p=0.010). Multiplate results were also independently related to Multiplate test results of aspirin responsiveness (β=0.402, p<0.0001) and hemoglobin (β=-0.251, p=0.007). Conclusion: Platelet response to clopidogrel does not differ between patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Öğretim Elemanlarının Kaygı Düzeyleri

This research investigated whether the anxiety level of the lecturers at Kocaeli University showed any significant difference according to the department, sex, title and seniority. 153 people participated in this research which was undertaken with Kocaeli University lecturers. The “STA1 Self Evaluation Invantory Form TX2” was used to collect data. The collected data was analysed by Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Newman. Lecturers at the Faculty of Technical Education, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and the Institute of Natural Sciences gave low averages whereas the averages of lecturers at other faculties, high schools and institutes were high. The anxiety levels of the lecturers did not differ according to the sex, title and seniority.Bu araştırmada, Kocaeli Üniversitesi öğretim elemanlarının kaygı düzeylerinin birimlere, cinsiyete, unvana ve kıdeme göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Kocaeli Üniversitesi’ndeki öğretim elemanlarıyla gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmaya 153 kişi katılmıştır. Veri elde etmek için “Kendini Değerlendirme Envanteri STA1 Formu TX2” kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler, Mann Whitney U Testi, Kruskal Wallis Testi ve Newman Keuls Testi ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, Teknik Eğitim Fakültesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü öğretim elemanlarının kaygı puan ortalamaları düşük, diğer fakülte, yüksekokul ve enstitüdeki öğretim elemanlarının kaygı puan ortalamaları yüksek bulunmuştur. Öğretim elemanlarının kaygı düzeyleri cinsiyete, unvana ve kıdeme göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir

Automated bird counting with deep learning for regional bird distribution mapping

A challenging problem in the field of avian ecology is deriving information on bird population movement trends. This necessitates the regular counting of birds which is usually not an easily-achievable task. A promising attempt towards solving the bird counting problem in a more consistent and fast way is to predict the number of birds in different regions from their photos. For this purpose, we exploit the ability of computers to learn from past data through deep learning which has been a leading sub-field of AI for image understanding. Our data source is a collection of on-ground photos taken during our long run of birding activity. We employ several state-of-the-art generic object-detection algorithms to learn to detect birds, each being a member of one of the 38 identified species, in natural scenes. The experiments revealed that computer-aided counting outperformed the manual counting with respect to both accuracy and time. As a real-world application of image-based bird counting, we prepared the spatial bird order distribution and species diversity maps of Turkey by utilizing the geographic information system (GIS) technology. Our results suggested that deep learning can assist humans in bird monitoring activities and increase citizen scientists’ participation in large-scale bird surveys.No sponso