Cooperative effects in surfactant adsorption layers at water/alkane interfaces

In the present work, the properties of dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide (C12DMPO) at the water/decane interface are studied and compared with those obtained earlier at the interface to hexane. To simulate the interfacial behavior, a two-component thermodynamic model is proposed, which combines the equation of state and Frumkin isotherm for decane with the reorientation model involving the intrinsic compressibility for the surfactant. In this approach, the surface activity of decane is governed by its interaction with C12DMPO. The theory predicts the influence of decane on the decrease of the surface tension at a very low surfactant concentration for realistic values of the ratio of the adsorbed amounts of decane and surfactant. The surfactantrsquo;s distribution coefficient between the aqueous and decane phases is determined. Two types of adsorption systems were used: a decane drop immersed into the C12DMPO aqueous solution, and a water drop immersed into the C12DMPO solution in decane. To determine the distribution coefficient, a method based on the analysis of the transfer of C12DMPO between water and decane is also employed

Современный подход «продвинутой ботулинотерапии»: применение различных разведений, техник и уровней введения

One modern direction of botulinum toxin therapy in aesthetic medicine is its individualization by taking into account patients’ specific characteristics. On the example of using incobotulinumtoxin A (botulinum toxin type A, BTA), this paper considers the possibility of using the entire range of its concentrations in creating a differentiated approach to correcting mimic wrinkles in different zones and muscular levels. This is expected to achieve the required level of individualization for an optimal aesthetic result. Aim. To assess and justify the efficacy of BTA (on the example of incobotulinumtoxin A) in various concentrations for correcting mimic wrinkles in different zones and muscular levels.Одной из основных тенденцией современной ботулинотерапии в эстетической медицине является персонификация методики с учетом индивидуальных особенностей пациента. На примере применения инкоботулотоксина А (ботулинического токсина типа А, БТА) в коррекции мимических морщин мы попытались рассмотреть возможности использования всего спектра концентраций, дифференцированного подхода в различных зонах и мышечных уровнях, что обеспечивает индивидуализацию методики и гармоничный эстетический результат. Целью данной работы явилась оценка и обоснование возможности и эффективности применения БТА (на примере инкоботулотоксина А) с использованием всего спектра концентраций в коррекции мимических морщин на разных зонах и мышечных уровнях

Delamination and Longitudinal Cracking in Multilayered Composite Nanostructured Coatings and Their Influence on Cutting Tool Wear Mechanism and Tool Life

The wear and failure mechanism for multilayered nanostructured coatings has a number of significant differences from the one typical for monolithic single-layered coatings. In particular, while the strength of adhesion bonds at the “substrate-coating” boundary is important for monolithic coatings, then for multilayered nanostructured coatings, the strength of adhesion and cohesion bonds at interlayer boundaries and boundaries of separate nano-sublayers becomes of significant significance. Meanwhile, the delamination arising in the structure of multilayered nanostructured coatings can have both negative (leading to loss of coating uniformity and subsequent failure of coating) and positive influences (due to decrease of internal stresses and inhibition of transverse cracking). Various mechanisms of formation of longitudinal cracks and delaminations in coatings on rake tool faces, which vary based on the compositions and architectures of the coatings, are studied. In addition, the influence of internal defects, including embedded microdrops and pores, on the formation of cracks and delaminations and the failure of coatings is discussed. The importance of ensuring a balance of the basic properties of coatings to achieve high wear resistance and maximum tool life of coated metal-cutting tools is shown. The properties of coatings and the natures of their failures, as investigated during scratch testing and dry turning of steel C45, are provided

Improvement of structure and quality of nanoscale multilayered composite coatings, deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition method

This article studies the specific features of cathode vacuum arc deposition of coatings used in the production of cutting tools. The detailed analysis of the major drawbacks of arc-Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) methods has contributed to the development of the processes of filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to form nanoscale multilayered composite coatings of increased efficiency. This is achieved through the formation of nanostructure, increase in strength of adhesion of coating to substrate up to 20%, and reduction of such dangerous coating surface defects as macro- and microdroplets up to 80%. This article presents the results of the studies of various properties of developed nanoscale multilayered composite coating. The certification tests of carbide tool equipped with cutting inserts with developed nanoscale multilayered composite coating compositions in longitudinal turning (continuous cutting) and end symmetric milling, and intermittent cutting of steel C45 and hard-to-cut nickel alloy of NiCr20TiAl showed advantages of tool with nanoscale multilayered composite coating as compared to the tool without coating. The lifetime of the carbide inserts with developed NMCC based on the system of Ti-TiN-(NbZrTiCr)N (filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition) was increased up to 5-6 times in comparison with the control tools without coatings and up to 1.5-2.0 times in comparison with nanoscale multilayered composite coating based on the system of Ti-TiN-(NbZrTiCr)N (standard arc-PVD technology). © The Author(s) 2017

Lebedinskiy Period Cossack Twenty – Fourhours

У статті розповідається про дослідження поселень на території Лебединщини козацької доби: будівництво укріплень козаками-черкесами, заснування та устрій населених пунктів краю.Issledovaniye poseleniy na territorii Lebedinshchini kazachestva: stroitel’stvo ukrepleniy kozakami- cherkesami, osnovaniya i ustroystvo naselennykh punktov kraya

Применение метода сиаскопии для оценки выраженностипатологических изменений в коже при развитии меланоцитарныхновообразований

The authors describe the use of spectrophotometry intracutaneous analysis method for the purposes of differential diagnostics of pigmented skin neoplasms.Описывается использование метода спектрофотометрического интрадермального анализа для дифференциальной диагностики пигментных новообразований кожи

Злокачественные новообразования кожи: анализ заболеваемости в Красноярском крае, проблемы профилактики и совершенствования ранней диагностики

The authors present the incidence and mortality rates caused by skin cancer in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. They analyze the reasons explaining the growth in the incidence rate for malignant skin neoplasms as well as ways to improve early diagnostics and prevention of skin tumors.В работе приведены показатели заболеваемости и смертности от онкологических заболеваний кожи в Красноярском крае. Анализируются причины роста заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями кожи, пути совершенствования ранней диагностики и профилактики опухолей кожи