Geophysical Survey of Basement Complex Terrain Using Electrical Resistivity Method for Groundwater Potential

A geophysical survey of basement complex using electrical resistivity method was carried out so as to provide geological and geophysical information on the different subsurface features. The sought-for parameters include thickness, depth, basement for groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity. The acquired data were process using Win-Resist software and surfer 8, and the result was then analyzed and interpreted. Accordingly, 3-4 geoelectrical layers within the subsurface delineate the area: top soil, lateritic layer, weathered/fractured layer and fresh rock. Resistivity values of the top soil range between 55.5 mΩ to 749.7 mΩ, with average thickness of 0.4 m to 3.6 m, while the lateritic layer ranges between 153.3 mΩ to 862.0 mΩ, with average thickness of 4.5 m to 20.7 m, the weathered/fractured layer in turn ranges between 15.6 mΩ to 698.9 mΩ, with average thickness of 7.7 m to 55.2 m, and the fresh rock ranges between 13.4 mΩ to 5102 mΩ, with infinite homogeneous half space. Over all, the longitudinal conductance of the overburden units range from 0.147 mhos to 0.957 mhos and the overburden is thick enough for groundwater exploration activities. The results provide reasonably information that the aquifer units are weathered/fractured layers with a significant groundwater potential that is free of contamination

Oncoba spinosa leaf and Morus mesozygia leaf and stem bark essential oils

The essential oils of Oncoba spinosa leaf and Morus mesozygia leaf and stem bark were extracted using hydro distillation and analyzed by means of Gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of the essential oils were; 0.50 %, 0.165 % and 0.456 % respectively for Oncoba spinosa leaf, Morus mesozygia leaf and stem oil. A total of twenty eight, thirty four and twenty compounds representing 92.0%, 92.0% and 96.9% of the total oil contents were identified, respectively from the leaf of O. spinosa, leaf and stem oil of M. mesozygia. Leaf oil of O. spinosa contained linalool (22.1 %), β – caryophyllene (18.7 %), caryophyllene oxide (10.6 %) and pentadecanal (5.6 %) as the main constituents. M. mesozygialeaf oil was dominated with β – elemene (11.7 %), (E) –β- ionone (12.4 %), α- selinene (5.1 %), germacrene A (6.0 %), δ – cadinene (4.7 %) and spathulenol (7.4 %) while M. mesozygia stem oil had 2 –dodecanone (77%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (13 %) as its main constituents

Correlation of Self Potential and Ground Magnetic Survey Techniques to Investigate Fluid Seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia

One of the substantial of geophysics is to investigate the subsurface condition of the earth (groundwater) using appropriate geophysical techniques. In this research the correlation of self potential (SP) and ground magnetic methods was used to investigate fluid seepage in Archaeological site, Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang, Kedah, Malaysia. Self-potential method was used to determine flow of water, and Ground magnetic method was used to find object that can influence the result of self potential measurement and the aquifer depth, the lines were spread 0m ≤ x ≤ 9m, 0m ≤ y ≤ 30m with a trace intervals of 1.5m and 0.75m per electrode spacing respectively. The result display by Self Potential signals gives a clear understand that water flow from higher value (central) towards the lower value which is mostly at the southwest part than other areas and distinct level of feasible flow at different part ranges from -30mV to +35mV,which are very related to seepage flow patterns, negative SP anomalies were related with subsurface seepage flow paths (recharge zone) and positive SP anomalies were related with areas of seepage outflow (discharge zone); and Ground Magnetic signals shows good details of the buried materials with high magnetic values which was interpreted as baked clay bricks and low magnetic values indicate groundwater seepage with depth of 5m. Therefore, the two results have correlation significant at 0.8 which show good correlation in groundwater investigation in this study, which validates the results

Addressing the gap for racially diverse research involvement:The King's model for minority ethnic research participant recruitment

Objectives: Ethnic minorities (EM) are still underrepresented in research recruitment. Despite wide literature outlining the barriers, enablers and recommendations for driving inclusion and diversity in research, there is still little evidence for successful diversity in research participation, which has a direct impact on the quality of care provided to ethnically diverse individuals. A new, comprehensive approach to recruitment strategies is therefore necessary. Study design: service improvement initiative. Methods: In the light of the Covid-19 pandemic and the key public health need to address the disparity in care provided to non-white populations, we used a novel, comprehensive approach (The King's Model) comprising of local and community actions to promote inclusive research recruitment. We then compared rates of diverse recruitment in studies where the novel approach, was applied to studies which had been closed to recruitment at the time of analysis and where ethnicity data was available. Results: Our results demonstrate that following the introduction of the King's Model for diverse recruitment, commercial interventional study diverse recruitment increased from 6.4% to 16.1%, and for non-commercial studies, from 30.2% to 41.0% and 59.2% in the selected studies. Conclusions: King's Model is potentially a useful tool in enhancing non-Caucasian recruitment to clinical research. Enriched by additional recommendations based on our experiences during the Covid-19 research recruitment drive, we propose the King's Model is used to support ethnically diverse research recruitment. Further evidence is needed to replicate our findings, although this preliminary evidence provides granular details necessary to address the key unmet need of validating clinical research outcomes in non-white populations