Comparing bird assemblages in large and small fragments of the Atlantic Forest hotspots

The Atlantic Forest (AF) is one of the most threatened and megadiverse world hotspots. It is arguably the most devastated and highly threatened ecosystem on the planet. The vast scope of habitat loss and extreme fragmentation in the AF hotspots has left intact very few extensive and continuous forested fragments. We compared bird assemblages between small (6,000ha) forest remnants, in one of the largest AF remnants in Argentina. We performed 84 point-counts of birds in four large fragments (LF) and 67 points in 25 small fragments (SF). We recorded 4,527 bird individuals belonging to 173 species; 2,632 belonging to 153 species in LF and 1,897 in 124 species in SF. Small fragments suffered a significant loss of bird richness, mainly forest dependent species, but the birds abundance did not decrease, due to an increase in abundance of forest independent and semi-dependent bird species (edge and non forest species) that benefit from forest fragmentation. The bird guilds of frugivores, undestory, terrestrial and midstory insectivores, nectarivores and raptors, and the endemic species of AF were area sensitive, decreasing significantly in richness and abundance in the SF. Terrestrial granivores were the only guild positively affected by forest fragmentation, containing mainly edge species, which forage in open areas or borders including crops. Our first observations on fragmentation effects on bird assemblages in the southernmost Argentinean Atlantic Forests did not validate the hypothesis on pre-adaptation to human disturbances in the bird communities of AF. On the contrary, we observed that forest dependent, endemic and several sensitive bird guilds were strongly affected by fragmentation, putting in evidence the vulnerability to the fragmentation process and the necessity to conserve large remnants to avoid reduction of the high biodiversity of AF birds.Fil: Giraudo, Alejandro Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Matteucci, Silvia Diana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Julián Mariano. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional "iguazu"; ArgentinaFil: Herrera, Justo. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional "iguazu"; ArgentinaFil: Abramson, Raúl R.. Provincia de Misiones; Argentin

Mammals of the Valle del Cuña Pirú Reserve, Misiones, Argentina

Se exponen los resultados del relevamiento de la mastofauna de la Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina). El área de estudio corresponde al curso medio del arroyo Cuña Pirú, en cercanías de Aristóbulo del Valle, donde se interdigitan comunidades fitogeográficas del Distrito de las Selvas Mixtas con el Distrito de los Campos, ambos incluidos en el Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná. Nueve trabajos de campo han revelado la presencia de 58 especies nativas y tres exóticas, incluidas en 24 familias y 10 órdenes. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron los Cricetidae (11 especies) y Didelphidae (siete especies); los quirópteros estuvieron subrepresentados por sesgos del muestreo. Especies propias de ambientes abiertos del sur de Misiones y norte de Corrientes, como Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata y Necromys lasiurus, se registraron únicamente en campos cultivados y parches insularizados de pastizales naturales. Podrían considerarse extirpadas del área Myrmecophaga tridactyla y Pteronura brasiliensis. Los mamíferos constituyen un importante recurso alimentario para los núcleos aborígenes del área (comunidades Mbyá), pero también están sometidos a una notable actividad cinegética por parte del resto de los pobladores. La presión de caza, junto con la fragmentación de los ambientes selváticos, podría aumentar los procesos de extinción en el ámbito local, particularmente para algunos grandes mamíferos (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca).Here we present the results of surveys conducted at the Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina) with the objective to assess the diversity of mammals in this area. The study area is placed at the middle part of the course of arroyo Cuña Pirú, near Aristóbulo del Valle, where phytogeographical communities of Selvas Mixtas and Campos districts intermix, both belonging to the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest. Nine field works allowed us to register 58 native and three exotic species, included in 24 families and 10 orders. The richnest recorded families were Cricetidae (11 species) and Didelphidae (7 species); the bats were under-represented due to methodological samping bias. Typical species of open environments from southern Misiones and northern Corrientes, such as Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata, and Necromys lasiurus, were recorded only in cultivated fields and fragmented patches of natural grasslands. We propose that Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Pteronura brasiliensis should be considered as extirpated from this area. The mammals constitute an important food resource for local aboriginal groups that inhabit the reserve (Mbyá communities), but they are also under severe hunting pressure by most of local dwellers. Hunting activities added to habitat fragmentation could increase extinctions at local scale, specifically for some of the larger mammals (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca).Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de VectoresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Mammals of the Valle del Cuña Pirú Reserve, Misiones, Argentina

Se exponen los resultados del relevamiento de la mastofauna de la Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina). El área de estudio corresponde al curso medio del arroyo Cuña Pirú, en cercanías de Aristóbulo del Valle, donde se interdigitan comunidades fitogeográficas del Distrito de las Selvas Mixtas con el Distrito de los Campos, ambos incluidos en el Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná. Nueve trabajos de campo han revelado la presencia de 58 especies nativas y tres exóticas, incluidas en 24 familias y 10 órdenes. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron los Cricetidae (11 especies) y Didelphidae (siete especies); los quirópteros estuvieron subrepresentados por sesgos del muestreo. Especies propias de ambientes abiertos del sur de Misiones y norte de Corrientes, como Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata y Necromys lasiurus, se registraron únicamente en campos cultivados y parches insularizados de pastizales naturales. Podrían considerarse extirpadas del área Myrmecophaga tridactyla y Pteronura brasiliensis. Los mamíferos constituyen un importante recurso alimentario para los núcleos aborígenes del área (comunidades Mbyá), pero también están sometidos a una notable actividad cinegética por parte del resto de los pobladores. La presión de caza, junto con la fragmentación de los ambientes selváticos, podría aumentar los procesos de extinción en el ámbito local, particularmente para algunos grandes mamíferos (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca).Here we present the results of surveys conducted at the Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina) with the objective to assess the diversity of mammals in this area. The study area is placed at the middle part of the course of arroyo Cuña Pirú, near Aristóbulo del Valle, where phytogeographical communities of Selvas Mixtas and Campos districts intermix, both belonging to the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest. Nine field works allowed us to register 58 native and three exotic species, included in 24 families and 10 orders. The richnest recorded families were Cricetidae (11 species) and Didelphidae (7 species); the bats were under-represented due to methodological samping bias. Typical species of open environments from southern Misiones and northern Corrientes, such as Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata, and Necromys lasiurus, were recorded only in cultivated fields and fragmented patches of natural grasslands. We propose that Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Pteronura brasiliensis should be considered as extirpated from this area. The mammals constitute an important food resource for local aboriginal groups that inhabit the reserve (Mbyá communities), but they are also under severe hunting pressure by most of local dwellers. Hunting activities added to habitat fragmentation could increase extinctions at local scale, specifically for some of the larger mammals (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca).Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de VectoresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2016 : velocity-resolved Hβ lags in luminous Seyfert galaxies

Funding: K.H. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/R000824/1.We carried out spectroscopic monitoring of 21 low-redshift Seyfert 1 galaxies using the Kast double spectrograph on the 3 m Shane telescope at Lick Observatory from April 2016 to May 2017. Targetingactive galactic nuclei (AGN) with luminosities of λLλ(5100 Å) ≈ 1044 erg s−1 and predicted Hβ lags of∼ 20–30 days or black hole masses of 107–108.5 M⊙, our campaign probes luminosity-dependent trends in broad-line region (BLR) structure and dynamics as well as to improve calibrations for single-epoch estimates of quasar black hole masses. Here we present the first results from the campaign, including Hβ emission-line light curves, integrated Hβ lag times (8–30 days) measured against V -band continuum light curves, velocity-resolved reverberation lags, line widths of the broad Hβ components, and virial black hole mass estimates (107.1–108.1 M⊙). Our results add significantly to the number of existing velocity-resolved lag measurements and reveal a diversity of BLR gas kinematics at moderately high AGN luminosities. AGN continuum luminosity appears not to be correlated with the type of kinematics that its BLR gas may exhibit. Follow-up direct modeling of this dataset will elucidate the detailed kinematics and provide robust dynamical black hole masses for several objects in this sample.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mammals of the Valle del Cuña Pirú Reserve, Misiones, Argentina

Se exponen los resultados del relevamiento de la mastofauna de la Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina). El área de estudio corresponde al curso medio del arroyo Cuña Pirú, en cercanías de Aristóbulo del Valle, donde se interdigitan comunidades fitogeográficas del Distrito de las Selvas Mixtas con el Distrito de los Campos, ambos incluidos en el Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná. Nueve trabajos de campo han revelado la presencia de 58 especies nativas y tres exóticas, incluidas en 24 familias y 10 órdenes. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron los Cricetidae (11 especies) y Didelphidae (siete especies); los quirópteros estuvieron subrepresentados por sesgos del muestreo. Especies propias de ambientes abiertos del sur de Misiones y norte de Corrientes, como Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata y Necromys lasiurus, se registraron únicamente en campos cultivados y parches insularizados de pastizales naturales. Podrían considerarse extirpadas del área Myrmecophaga tridactyla y Pteronura brasiliensis. Los mamíferos constituyen un importante recurso alimentario para los núcleos aborígenes del área (comunidades Mbyá), pero también están sometidos a una notable actividad cinegética por parte del resto de los pobladores. La presión de caza, junto con la fragmentación de los ambientes selváticos, podría aumentar los procesos de extinción en el ámbito local, particularmente para algunos grandes mamíferos (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca)Here we present the results of surveys conducted at the Reserva Privada de Usos Múltiples Valle del Cuña Pirú (Misiones, Argentina) with the objective to assess the diversity of mammals in this area. The study area is placed at the middle part of the course of arroyo Cuña Pirú, near Aristóbulo del Valle, where phytogeographical communities of Selvas Mixtas and Campos districts intermix, both belonging to the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest. Nine field works allowed us to register 58 native and three exotic species, included in 24 families and 10 orders. The richnest recorded families were Cricetidae (11 species) and Didelphidae (7 species); the bats were under-represented due to methodological samping bias. Typical species of open environments from southern Misiones and northern Corrientes, such as Cavia aperea, Lutreolina crassicaudata, and Necromys lasiurus, were recorded only in cultivated fields and fragmented patches of natural grasslands. We propose that Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Pteronura brasiliensis should be considered as extirpated from this area. The mammals constitute an important food resource for local aboriginal groups that inhabit the reserve (Mbyá communities), but they are also under severe hunting pressure by most of local dwellers. Hunting activities added to habitat fragmentation could increase extinctions at local scale, specifically for some of the larger mammals (e. g., Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca).Fil: Cirignoli, Sebastián. Conservation Land Trust; ArgentinaFil: Galliari, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Podestá, Darío Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Abramson, Raúl. Provincia de Misiones. Parque Provincial Salto Encantado; Argentin

Incentives to Cooperate in Network Formation

Spatial Prisoner's Dilemma, tax-subsidy mechanism, emergence of cooperation,