Implementation of Open Source Integrated Library System in Academic Libraries of Pakistan: A Proposed Framework

An interrelated group of computer programmes that automates multiple library operations called integrated library system. In Pakistan, the condition concerning library software cannot be associated with the that in developed countries, it’s not satisfactory due to absence of software systems used for making modern libraries, less budget, multilingual nature of library’s collection, software privacy and absence of provision from regional vendors are the key barriers in the impressive implementations of integrated library system. The Objective of this paper is to propose an open source integrated library system implementation framework to boost the academic library standard, provide capability to resource sharing and library users can able to access the information material at any time regardless of their geographical location. This research is grounded on comprehensive literature review that includes the journal articles, conference proceedings, thesis, books and libraries websites by the help of literature review the suggestion and the recommendation will give to the library professionals about criteria of selecting the open source-ILS and how to overcome problems and challenges faced by implementation of open source-ILS. Meanwhile this study will also focus on prevailing standards in developed world for Management of libraries and providing specific directions for upbringing of academic libraries in Pakistan

Evaluation of Selenium Nanoparticles in Inducing Disease Resistance against Spot Blotch Disease and Promoting Growth in Wheat under Biotic Stress

In the present study, SeNPs were synthesized using Melia azedarach leaf extracts and investigated for growth promotion in wheat under the biotic stress of spot blotch disease. The phytosynthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro efficacy of different concentrations of phytosynthesized SeNPs (i.e., 100 μ g/mL, 150 μ g/mL, 200 μ g/mL, 250 μ g/mL, and 300 μ g/mL) was evaluated using the well diffusion method, which reported that 300 μ g/mL showed maximum fungus growth inhibition. For in vivo study, different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of SeNPs were applied exogenously to evaluate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters under control conditions and determine when infection was induced. Among all treatments, 30 mg/L of SeNPs performed well and increased the plant height by 2.34% compared to the control and 30.7% more than fungus-inoculated wheat. Similarly, fresh plant weight and dry weight increased by 17.35% and 13.43% over the control and 20.34% and 52.48% over the fungus-treated wheat, respectively. In leaf surface area and root length, our findings were 50.11% and 10.37% higher than the control and 40% and 71% higher than diseased wheat, respectively. Plant physiological parameters i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, were increased 14, 133, and 16.1 times over the control and 157, 253, and 42 times over the pathogen-inoculated wheat, respectively. Our findings regarding carotenoid content, relative water content, and the membrane stability index were 29-, 49-, and 81-fold higher than the control and 187-, 63-, and 48-fold higher than the negative control, respectively. In the case of plant biochemical parameters, proline, sugar, flavonoids, and phenolic contents were recorded at 6, 287, 11, and 34 times higher than the control and 32, 107, 33, and 4 times more than fungus-inoculated wheat, respectively. This study is considered the first biocompatible approach to evaluate the potential of green-synthesized SeNPs as growth-promoting substances in wheat under the spot blotch stress and effective management strategy to inhibit fungal growth

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, KEMAMPUAN MANAJERIAL, EFIKASI DIRI, DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA MAHASISWA

Abstract: Work readiness is a condition of students when after graduating they have the competencies needed to enter the workforce. The entrepreneurial spirit is also part of the work readiness of students. Various rides can be used by students in preparing themselves to enter the workforce. Important factors that support job readiness besides competence are communication factors and the extent of student association. Student organizations (Ormawa) are vehicles that can be used by students for this purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style, managerial ability, self-efficacy, and learning achievement on work readiness of students of the Faculty of Education, State University of Malang. This study uses a quantitative approach. The design or design of this study is an ex-post-facto cross-sectional survey and is included in the descriptive-causality research type. The population of this research is all of the management of Ormawa Faculty of Education, State University of Malang. Based on the calculation of Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970), the total population was 269 students, taken as a sample of 158 students. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Analysis of the data that will be used in this study are: (1) descriptive analysis; (2) regression analysis; and (3) path analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, this study concludes: (1) there is a significant influence of leadership style (X1) on students' work readiness (Y); (2) there is a significant influence of managerial ability (X2) on student work readiness of Ormawa (Y); (3) there is a significant effect of self-efficacy (X3) on student work readiness of Ormawa (Y); (4) there is a significant effect of learning achievement (X4) on student work readiness of Ormawa (Y); and (5) there is a significant influence of leadership style (X1), managerial ability (X2), self-efficacy (X3), and learning achievement (X4) on students' work readiness (Y).Abstrak: Kesiapan kerja adalah kondisi mahasiswa ketika setelah lulus memiliki kompetensi yang dibutuhkan untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Jiwa berwirausaha juga merupakan bagian kesiapan kerja mahasiswa. Berbagai wahana dapat dimanfaatkan mahasiswa dalam mempersiapkan dirinya untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Faktor penting yang mendukung kesiapan kerja selain kompetensi adalah faktor komunikasi dan luasnya pergaulan mahasiswa. Organisasi kemahasiswaan (ormawa) merupakan wahana yang dapat digunakan mahasiswa untuk itu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, kemampuan manajerial, efikasi diri, dan prestasi belajar terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Rancangan atau desain penelitian ini adalah survey cross-sectional ex-post-facto dan termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif-kausalitas. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengurus Ormawa Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Berdasarkan perhitungan Tabel Krejcie dan Morgan (1970), jumlah populasi sebanyak 269 orang mahasiswa, diambil sampel penelitian sebanyak 158 orang mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Analisis data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) analisis deskriptif; (2) analisis regresi; dan (3) analisis jalur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, penelitian ini menyimpulkan: (1) ada pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan (X1) terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa (Y); (2) ada pengaruh yang signifikan kemampuan manajerial (X2) terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa (Y); (3) ada pengaruh yang signifikan efikasi diri (X3) terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa (Y); (4) ada pengaruh yang signifikan prestasi belajar (X4) terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa (Y); dan (5) ada pengaruh yang signifikan gaya kepemimpinan (X1), kemampuan manajerial (X2), efikasi diri (X3), dan prestasi belajar (X4) terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa ormawa (Y)

Effect of Phytosynthesized Selenium and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against Stripe Rust Disease

In this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) were synthesized by using the extract of Melia azedarach leaves, and Acorus calamusas rhizomes, respectively, and investigated for the biological and sustainable control of yellow, or stripe rust, disease in wheat. The green synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SeNPs and CeONPs, with different concentrations (i.e., 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L), were exogenously applied to wheat infected with Puccinia striformis. SeNPs and CeONPs, at a concentration of 30 mg/L, were found to be the most suitable concentrations, which reduced the disease severity and enhanced the morphological (plant height, root length, shoot length, leaf length, and ear length), physiological (chlorophyll and membrane stability index), biochemical (proline, phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant (SOD and POD) parameters. The antioxidant activity of SeNPs and CeONPs was also measured. For this purpose, different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 ppm) of both SeNPs and CeONPs were used. The concentration of 400 ppm most promoted the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power activity of both SeNPs and CeONPs. This study is considered the first biocompatible approach to evaluate the potential of green synthesized SeNPs and CeONPs to improve the health of yellow, or stripe rust, infected wheat plants and to provide an effective management strategy to inhibit the growth of Puccinia striformis.This research was funded by projects APOGEO (Cooperation Program INTERREG-MAC 2014–2020, with European Funds for Regional Development-FEDER). “Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (ACIISI) del Gobierno de Canarias” (Project ProID2020010134), and Fundación CajaCanarias (Project 2019SP43).Peer reviewe

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Genotyping of Platelet Alloantigens by DNA Sequencing in Pakistani Population

Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in human platelet antigens (HPAs) glycoproteins leads to alloimmunizations and platelet disorders such as posttransfusion purpura, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and refractoriness to platelet transfusion. To study the prevalence in a particular ethnic group, genomic DNA is used to genotype HPAs. Detection of these polymorphisms is imperative to identify the risk of alloimmunization and the provision of HPAs. Current study was planned to determine the frequency of HPAs in the Pakistani population of blood donors. Methodology: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 300 randomly selected platelet donors from five major cities of Pakistan (Islamabad, Peshawar, Karachi, Quetta, and Mirpur). This study was approved by the ethical committee of Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Prior informed consent was taken from all the participants. Sequence-specific primers for platelets glycoprotein genes were designed using Primer 3 online software. The distinct targets were amplified through PCR. Amplified PCR products were eluted from the gel after electrophoresed, purified and sequenced. All the sequences and data obtained were analyzed through SPSS version 25. Results: Genotyping of samples showed that among the subjected HPA systems, HPA-1, HPA-5, HPA-7w, HPA-19w, and HPA-21w systems were found to have both a and b alleles in the Pakistani population while only aa genotype was found in HPA-4, HPA-6w, HPA-8w, HPA-10w, HPA-11w, HPA-16w, and HPA-23w. The frequency of HPA-1a was 0.9333 and HPA-1b was 0.0666, HPA-5a was 0.8033 and HPA-5b was 0.1966, HPA-7wa was 0.98 and HPA-7wb was 0.02, HPA-19wa was 0.95 and HPA-19wb was 0.05 and HPA-21wa was 0.9866 and HPA-21wb was 0.0133. Among the analyzed HPAs, the mismatch probability was higher in HPA-5 while it was lower in HPA-21w. Conclusion: HPA-4b, HPA-6b, HPA- 8b, HPA-10b, HPA-11b, HPA-16b and HPA-23b were absent. No homozygosity was found in the remaining genotyped HPAs. Our study suggests that it is necessary to establish HPA screening sites in blood banks to have HPA typed donor registry providing compatible therapeutic platelets to all unimmunized patients. Our data will be useful to understand and better treat the alloimmune-mediated platelet disorders. Key words: Alloantigens, Genotyping, Sequencing, Platelets, Platelet alloantigen

Synthesis, characterization, anti-ulcer action and molecular docking evaluation of novel benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids

Abstract A series of six novel benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrid molecules was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis (CHN) and spectroscopic methods (1HNMR, FT-IR). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vivo anti ulcerogenic activity using Albino rats (weighing 180–220 g). The interactions between the compounds and active site residues of H+/K+ ATPase were investigated by molecular docking studies using autodock vina 4.0. SCH28080 was used to validate the docking results. Also the drug likeliness of these compounds was predicted using Molinspiration server in light of Lipinski’s rule of five. All the six synthesized compounds exhibited higher anti-ulcer activity as compared to omeprazole. These novel hybrid compounds showed comparable anti-ulcer potential of 72–83% at dose level of 500 µg/kg, whereas omeprazole showed 83% anti-ulcer activity at dose level of 30 mg/kg. The results clearly indicate that these novel benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids can present a new class of potential anti ulcer agents and can serve as new anti-ulcer drugs after further investigation. Graphical abstract An overveiw of synthesis, in silico and in vivo antiulcer screening of benzimidazole pyrazole hybrid

Synthesis, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities, and molecular docking studies of a novel compound based on combination of flurbiprofen and isoniazide

Synthesis of a compound with balanced bioactivities against a specific target is always a challenging task. In this study, a novel compound (1) has been synthesized by combination of flurbiprofen and isoniazide and shows similar to 2.5 times enhanced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity and similar to 1.7 times improved butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition activity compared to flurbiprofen and a standard drug (i.e. physostigmine). A comparative AutoDock study has been performed, based on the optimized structure, by the DFT/B3LYP method, which confirmed that compound (1) is more active against AChE and BuChE, with calculated binding energies of -12.9 kcal mol(-1) and -9.8 kcal mol(-1) respectively as compared to flurbiprofen and an eserine (physostigmine) standard for which the binding energy was calculated to be -10.1 kcal mol(-1) and -8.9 kcal mol(-1), respectively. A mixed mode of inhibition of AChE and BuChE with compound 1 was confirmed by Lineweaver-Burk plots. AChE and BuChE inhibition activity alongside docking results suggests that compound (1) could be used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, compound (1) also exhibit better alpha-chymotrypsin activity compared to flurbiprofen. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo analysis confirmed that compound (1) exhibit more activity and less toxicity than the parent compounds