Wellness and Modern Justice Theory: Characteristics and Relationships of Normativism and Descriptivism

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Derivative expansion in the HAL QCD method for a separable potential

We investigate how the derivative expansion in the HAL QCD method works to extract physical observables, using a separable potential in quantum mechanics, which is solvable but highly non-local in the coordinate system. We consider three cases for inputs to determine the HAL QCD potential in the derivative expansion: (1) energy eigenfunctions, (2) time-dependent wave functions as solutions to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with some boundary conditions, and (3) a time-dependent wave function made by a linear combination of a finite number of eigenfunctions at low energy to mimic the finite volume effect. We have found that, for all three cases, the potentials provide reasonable scattering phase shifts even at the leading order of the derivative expansion, and they give more accurate results as the order of the expansion increases. By comparing the above results with those from the formal derivative expansion for the separable potential, we conclude that the derivative expansion is not a way to obtain the potential but a method to extract physical observables such as phase shifts and binding energies, and that the scattering phase shifts from the derivative expansion in the HAL QCD method converge to the exact ones much faster than those from the formal derivative expansion of the separable potential

Tips of Voltammetry

Theories of cyclic voltammetry, AC-impedance techniques, and the double-layer capacitive currents are described concisely to touch their principles. Applications of the theory to experimental data do not always lead to reasonable interpretation consistent with other techniques. Several tips are presented not only in the experimental viewpoint but also in a perspective of the data analysis. Most of them are devoted to cyclic voltammetry. They include shape of voltammograms, information from peak currents and peak potentials, criteria of diffusion and adsorption controls, the static and the dynamic numbers of electrons, handling of reference and counter electrodes, usage of AC impedance, concepts of heterogeneous charge-transfer rates, and combination with data by scanning probe microscope. They belong partially to recommendation and prohibition

Visual servoing with redundant features

This paper presents how the control performance of the visual servo system is improved by utilizing the redundant features. We use the minimum singular value of the image Jacobian as a measure of the control accuracy (sensitivity) and we show that the sensitivity is strictly decreased by increasing the number of redundant features. Effectiveness of the control scheme with redundant features are verified by real time experiments on a PUMA 560 manipulator</p

The Electrical Anisotropies of Pyrolytic Graphite and Its Compounds

The electrical resistivities and the electrical anisotropy of the pyrolytic graphite compounds containing silicon (0.02-4wt% Si ; PG(Si) ) or bromine (0.1-12 wt% Br ; PG(Br) ) have been examined at room temperature. The anisotropy of PG(Si) was closely related to its preferred orientation which depends on the deposition temperature. The anisotropies of PG and PG(Si) are attributed to discontinuity in the stacking of the crystallites, as proposed by Guentert and Klein ; the discontinuity increases with preferred orientation. Low values of the anisotropy for PG(Si), containing large amounts of silicon and having the considerably high preferred orientation, result from the disappearance in the discontinuity because of the presence of SiC between the crystallites. The anisotropy of PG(Br) increases with the amount of bromine. Almost all the bromine atoms may be ionized in PG(Br) according to Blackman et al. The effect of ionization on the anisotropy is not clear