AOKI, Koichi

CHEN, Jingyuan

Community Repository of Fukui

Size-dependent efficiency of electron transfer at suspended 
redox latex 
Koichi Aoki, Jingyuan Chen* 
Department of Applied Physics, University of Fukui 
*d020111@u-fukui.ac.jp 
 
Particle size often alters physical properties such as in luminescence, conductivity, 
vacancy formation energy, melting points and evaporation temperatures of 
nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles are exemplification of exhibiting size-dependent 
optical and electronic properties. As their particle size decreases, the surface plasmon 
adsorption peak shifts to a higher energy region [1], as has been explained in terms of 
the Mie theory [2]. Size-dependent chemical properties are well documented in the 
field of metal cluster chemistry [3]. Redox latex is a large particle with a number of 
redox sites of one or more kinds of redox couples in one particle. Size-dependent may 
manifest owing to molecular interaction or assemblies. 
Redox latex was synthesized by coating near-monodisperse polystyrene latex 
particle with redox species, or by copolymerization of redox species and styrene. The 
size of polystyrene particles was controlled with concentrations of styrene, of 
potassium persulfate, and of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a steric stabilizer (Table 
1). There are basically two types of distribution: one being the core-shell structure at 
which redox sites are included only in the shell, the other being uniform distribution of 
redox sites over the particle. The former was formed by coating hydrophobic cores, 
polystyrene, with hydrophilic shells, such as polyaniline-coated latex, ferrocene-
carboxyl immobilized polyallylamine-coated latex. In contrast, latex with uniform 
distribution was constructed by adsorbing hydrophobic redox sites into hydrophobic 
porous particles. We will explain in details by presentation. The measurement and 
analysis are basic of electrochemical, spectroscopic and optical methods. The 
voltammetric responses of the particles in suspensions are examined in the context of 
partial electron reactions.  
[1] (a) X. Wang, E. D. Sudol, M. S. El-Aasser, Langmuir 17 (2001) 6865. (b) M. Fujii, 
T. Nagareda, S. Hyyashi, K. Yamamota, Phys. Rev. B 44 (1991) 6243. (c) S. 
Tsunekawa, A. Kasuya, Y. Kawazoe, IPAP Conference Series, 3 (2001) 88. (d) X. Ma, 
W. Shi, Microelectronic Engineering 66 (2003) 153. 
[2] G. Mie, “Contributions to the optics of turbid media, particularly of colloidal metal 
solutions,” Royal Aircraft Establishment Library Translation 1873, (Her majesty’s 
Stationery Office, London, 1976). 
[3] Moraga, G. G. “Cluster Chemistry,” Spring-Verlag Chapter 2, 1993, Berlin. 
diameter Ethanol water 2-propanpol Methoxyethano SDS stirring Styrene PVP AIBN 
µm cm3 cm3 cm3 cm3 g rpm cm3 g g 
0.202 0 120 0 0 0 400 8 1.52 0.15 
0.402 0 100 20 0 0.15 400 8 0 0.15 
0.567 0 0 120 0 0 350 10 1.5 0.15 
0.886 0 0 120 0 0 350 10 3 0.15 
1.08 40 0 0 36 0 160 15 1.52 0.33 
2.06 90 0 0 60 0 200 25 4.5 0.25 
3.90 18 0 0 12 0 120 5 0.8 0.08 
6.42 18 0 0 12 0 120 5 0.53 0.11 
7.50 18 0 0 12 0 120 10 0.5 0.25 


Size-dependent efficiency of electron transfer at suspended redox latex

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