Konut Üretim Performansının Konuta Ekonomik Erişebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

2003 yılından itibaren 58. Hükümet’in Acil Eylem Planı kapsamında ülke çapında başlatılan konut seferberliğinde Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı (TOKİ) inşaat sektörünün en etkili aktörlerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Toplu konut ve kentsel dönüşüm projelerine öncülük eden TOKİ, alt ve orta gelir gruplarına konut sunumunu kendine strateji edinmiş, bu bağlamda farklı bölgelerde alt gelir gruplarının konut ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik değişen ölçeklerde konut projeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak bu uygulamaların konut sorunu ve ihtiyacını ne ölçüde gözettiği, ilgili hane halklarının konuta ekonomik erişebilirliklerine katkı sağlayıp sağlayamadığı, araştırmalara konu edilmemiştir. Ülkemizde genellikle ihtiyaç analizleri ve durum tespitleri tam olarak yapılmadan belirlenen kentsel politikaların sonuçta hedeflerine ulaşıp ulaşmadığı takip edilmediği gibi, bu politikaların ne türden etkiler yarattığı da izlenmemektedir. Oysa kentsel politikalar belirlenirken ihtiyaçların ve mevcut durumun iyi incelenmesi ve benimsenen politikaların sonuçlarının izlenmesi beklenir. Ülkede ruhsatlı konut açığı olduğu söylemine dayanan ancak ihtiyaç analizleri ve mevcut durum tespitleri yapılmadan geliştirilen ‘konut üretim seferberliği’ kapsamında ülkenin konut üretim hacmi oldukça artmıştır. Bu çalışma kamu sektörü tarafından (TOKİ) alt gelir gruplarına yönelik olarak üretilen konutların ve bu kapsamda benimsenen politikaların alt gelir gruplarının konuta ekonomik erişebilirliği üzerine etkilerini bölgesel düzeyde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre hane halklarının konuta ekonomik olarak erişebilirliklerinde pek çok bölgede gelişim olmasına rağmen konut harcamaları/gelir oranı %30 ön kabulünün üstündedir. Belirlediği en temel hedeflerden birisi alt gelir grupları için konut üretmek ve sunmak olan TOKİ’nin ürettiği konut miktarları açısından alt gelir gruplarına konut sunumu ve konuta ekonomik erişebilirlik anlamında ciddi bir katkı sağlayamaması bir eksiklik olarak saptanmıştır.With the 58th Government’s Urgent Action Plan, including countrywide housing program, Housing Development Agency (HDA) has been one of the most influential actors in the construction sector. While HDA was leading to mass housing and urban transformation projects, it also targeted to provide housing for low and middle-income households. To do that, it executed various housing implementations in different regions of Turkey. However, the regional contribution of these activities to the housing affordability of households was not considered. Turkish urban policies, which are generally determined without the needs assessments and current situation analysis, are not monitored for their achievement of the expected outcomes or creation of unexpected impacts. On the contrary, a successful policy-making process requires analyzing needs and the current situation and monitoring the results of the implementation. With the country-wide housing program, based on the prevailing discourse of housing shortage and not backed up by scientific assessments, the housing production capacity of Turkey has considerably increased. This study aims at understanding and revealing the main effects of HDA’s housing policies and production for low-income households on housing affordability issue. The results of the study indicate that although there are significant improvements in housing affordability of households, housing affordability ratio of regions is still higher than the predefined affordability criterion which is 30%. Even one of HDA’s primary target is to provide housing for low-income households, the lack of contribution of its housing production to the housing affordability of low-income groups was observed

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Germanyum nanotelerin buhar transferi yöntemi ile sentezi ve şeffaf, esnek fotoalgılayıcı üretimi.

Nanomaterials are widely investigated by researches and because of their unique properties they have been utilized in many different devices. Nanowires are one of these materials which show deviated mechanical, chemical, physical and optical, properties from their bulk counterparts. These deviations in properties of the nanowires are based on both their high surface to volume ratio and quantum confinement effect. Lately optical properties of nanowires have received great attention as they also exhibit good light sensitivity. Germanium is a semiconductor, which has been used widely as an active material in infrared light detectors. Due to excellent light detection of germanium its nanostructures have also been widely studied in optoelectronic devices. Germanium nanowires have been used in many devices such as field effect transistors, diodes, field emitters and photodetectors. Synthesis of high quality and high aspect ratio germanium nanowires could make important contributions to these devices. There are several synthesis methods for germanium nanowires. These are electrochemical etching, solvothermal, supercritical v fluidic, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition and vapor transport methods. Among these methods, high quality, single crystalline, defect free germanium nanowires using accessible solid powder precursors could be synthesized with vapor transport method. In the first part of this thesis, germanium nanowire growth with vapor transport method is investigated. One of the most advantageous features of this method is using solid powder precursors instead of toxic gases. Until now, three different kinds of solid germanium precursors have been reported in vapor transport method, all of them are investigated and the resulting nanowires are compared in this thesis. Vapor transport method enables high control over the morphology of the nanowires. The most important parameters which affect the morphology of the nanowires are temperature, pressure and precursor type. Therefore, a detailed parametric study is provided based on these parameters and their effect on the final diameter of the nanowires is determined. The as –synthesized nanowires contain a very thick oxide layer on their surface. Therefore, oxide removal with acid etching is also investigated in this thesis. In the second part of this thesis, utilization of the germanium nanowire networks in fully transparent, flexible and network enhanced photodetectors is investigated. In order to obtain a germanium nanowire network, the as-synthesized nanowires are transferred from growth substrate to the device substrate by sonication and vacuum filtration. Silver nanowires and single walled carbon nanotubes are used as fully transparent electrodes. Both rigid and flexible photodetectors are fabricated and their current-voltage characteristics and photoresponse behaviors with different germanium nanowire densities are determined.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Artificial intelligence in computer-aided auditing techniques and technologies (CAATTs) and an application proposal for auditors

Digital transformation is the modification resulting from new opportunities technological advancements in all areas of life presents. These new technologies are also used in audit activities. These new technologies used in audit activities are called Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques and Technologies (CAATTs). Those have emerged to help auditors look for irregularities in data files and to enable more analyses to be done in less time with more evidence at a lower risk level. Artificial Intelligence(AI), as an automated system that can generate algorithms, occupies a center stage in these developments. It is observed that 4 concepts are emphasized for AI. These concepts are acting like human, thinking like human, rational thinking, and rational behavior. These factors facilitated the inclusion of AI in audit activities. Firstly, the study explains CAATTs applications and the concept of AI and how AI is included in accounting and auditing activities. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of using AI in the auditing processes are evaluated. Lastly, the use of AI and CAATTs in audit process and specific application suggestions for different audit areas are discussed in detail in the context of suggested audit batches

CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM TELEVISION ON ALLIUM CEPA L. ROOT TIP CELLS

Allium cepa bulbs were exposed for eight hours a day for three days at electromagnetic fields from television. Five bulbs were set up for each group (0.25 m, 0.50 m, 1 m and 2 m distances from television). Mitotic index, phase frequencies and chromosome aberrations were evaluated in exposed groups as compared with control group. Data obtained showed that electromagnetic fields from television significantly increased the mitotic index at close distances. However, there were no significantly differences in the phase frequencies and chromosome aberrations frequencies

Drought tolerance of knotgrass (Polygonum maritimum L.) leaves under different drought treatments

Drought stress is a major environmental stress factor for plants causing significant adverse effects on crop growth and yield. Therefore, plant resistance against drought should be determined for wild plants to alleviate such impacts. Knotgrass (Polygonum maritimum L.) is a wild plant getting rarer every day in sandy coasts. The present study was consulted to determine the responses of knotgrass (Polygonum maritimum L.) to drought stress during vegetative growth stages. Plants were drought-stressed by withholding water for (72 hours) and (10 days). Relative water content did not change under drought stress, but the chlorophyll content decreased in both drought treatments. Although, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity increased more in 10 days drought treatment than 72 hours treatment, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity of the treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, both malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents did not change under drought treatments. Such findings indicated Polygonum maritimum as a tolerant species to drought stress during vegetative growth stages

GERMANYUM NANOTELLERİN ELEKTRONİK CİHAZLARDA KULLANILMASI

GERMANYUM NANOTELLERİN ELEKTRONİK CİHAZLARDA KULLANILMAS

Chasing Sea Horses in the Depressed Seas: A Ten Years Journey

[Özet Yok