Girl, interrupted : the distinctive history of Galician women's narrative

This paper addresses the anomaly that whilst there are increasing numbers of Galician-language women poets and writers of children's literature, women prose writers are still few and far between. Beginning with a discussion of debates in feminist criticism that call attention to the role of influence on authorship, I argue that the fragmented history of women's writing in Galicia, due to the perceived absence of a Galician female public voice in the gap between Rosalía's Follas novas (1880) and Herrera Garrido's Néveda (1920), appears to leave women writers without a literary foremother during the crucialformative years of Galician cultural identity. I then postulate the existence, during the complex, bilingual fin de século (c.1885-1916), of a 'lost generation' of women writers whose largely Castilian-language texts show the seeds of a cross-generational dialogue that could potentially bridge this gap. Finally, I ask how the fragmented history of women's writing in Galicia continues to affect women writing today

Transverse phase space characterization in an accelerator test facility

We compare three techniques for characterising the transverse phase space distribution of the beam in CLARA FE (the Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications Front End, at Daresbury Laboratory, UK): emittance and optics measurements using screens at three separate beamline locations; quadrupole scans; and phase space tomography. We find that where the beam distribution has significant structure (as in the case of CLARA FE at the time the measurements presented here were made) tomography analysis is the most reliable way to obtain a meaningful characterisation of the transverse beam properties. We present the first experimental results from four-dimensional phase space tomography: our results show that this technique can provide an insight into beam properties that are of importance for optimising machine performance

Explicit symplectic integrator for particle tracking in s-dependent static electric and magnetic fields with curved reference trajectory

We describe a method for symplectic tracking of charged particles through static electric and magnetic fields. The method can be applied to cases where the fields have a dependence on longitudinal as well as transverse position, and where the reference trajectory may have non-zero curvature. Application of the method requires analytical expressions for the scalar and vector potentials: we show how suitable expressions, in the form of series analogous to multipole expansions, can be constructed from numerical field data, allowing the method to be used in cases where only numerical field data are available.Comment: 17 page

Two-neutron transfer reaction mechanisms in 12^{12}C(6^6He,4^{4}He)14^{14}C using a realistic three-body 6^{6}He model

The reaction mechanisms of the two-neutron transfer reaction $^{12}$C($^6$He,$^4$He) have been studied at 30 MeV at the TRIUMF ISAC-II facility using the SHARC charged-particle detector array. Optical potential parameters have been extracted from the analysis of the elastic scattering angular distribution. The new potential has been applied to the study of the transfer angular distribution to the 2$^+_2$ 8.32 MeV state in $^{14}$C, using a realistic 3-body $^6$He model and advanced shell model calculations for the carbon structure, allowing to calculate the relative contributions of the simultaneous and sequential two-neutron transfer. The reaction model provides a good description of the 30 MeV data set and shows that the simultaneous process is the dominant transfer mechanism. Sensitivity tests of optical potential parameters show that the final results can be considerably affected by the choice of optical potentials. A reanalysis of data measured previously at 18 MeV however, is not as well described by the same reaction model, suggesting that one needs to include higher order effects in the reaction mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Citation classics in systematic reviews and meta-analyses : who wrote the top 100 most cited articles?

Background: Systematic reviews of the literature occupy the highest position in currently proposed hierarchies of evidence. The aims of this study were to assess whether citation classics exist in published systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM), examine the characteristics of the most frequently cited SRM articles, and evaluate the contribution of different world regions. Methods: The 100 most cited SRM were identified in October 2012 using the Science Citation Index database of the Institute for Scientific Information. Data were extracted by one author. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the association between years since publication, numbers of authors, article length, journal impact factor, and average citations per year. Results: Among the 100 citation classics, published between 1977 and 2008, the most cited article received 7308 citations and the least-cited 675 citations. The average citations per year ranged from 27.8 to 401.6. First authors from the USA produced the highest number of citation classics (n=46), followed by the UK (n=28) and Canada (n=15). The 100 articles were published in 42 journals led by the Journal of the American Medical Association (n=18), followed by the British Medical Journal (n=14) and The Lancet (n=13). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between number of authors (Spearman’s rho=0.320, p=0.001), journal impact factor (rho=0.240, p=0.016) and average citations per year. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between average citations per year and year since publication (rho = -0.636, p=0.0001). The most cited papers identified seminal contributions and originators of landmark methodological aspects of SRM and reflect major advances in the management of and predisposing factors for chronic diseases. Conclusions: Since the late 1970s, the USA, UK, and Canada have taken leadership in the production of citation classic papers. No first author from low or middle-income countries (LMIC) led one of the most cited 100 SRM

Low-emittance storage rings

The effects of synchrotron radiation on particle motion in storage rings are discussed. In the absence of radiation, particle motion is symplectic, and the beam emittances are conserved. The inclusion of radiation effects in a classical approximation leads to emittance damping: expressions for the damping times are derived. Then, it is shown that quantum radiation effects lead to excitation of the beam emittances. General expressions for the equilibrium longitudinal and horizontal (natural) emittances are derived. The impact of lattice design on the natural emittance is discussed, with particular attention to the special cases of FODO, achromat, and TME style lattices. Finally, the effects of betatron coupling and vertical dispersion (generated by magnet alignment and lattice tuning errors) on the vertical emittance are considered.Comment: Presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2013: Advanced Accelerator Physics Course, Trondheim, Norway, 18-29 August 201

Transverse phase space tomography in the CLARA accelerator test facility using image compression and machine learning

We describe a novel technique, based on image compression and machine learning, for transverse phase space tomography in two degrees of freedom in an accelerator beamline. The technique has been used in the CLARA accelerator test facility at Daresbury Laboratory: results from the machine learning method are compared with those from a conventional tomography algorithm (algebraic reconstruction), applied to the same data. The use of machine learning allows reconstruction of the 4D phase space distribution of the beam to be carried out much more rapidly than using conventional tomography algorithms, and also enables the use of image compression to reduce significantly the size of the data sets involved in the analysis. Results from the machine learning technique are at least as good as those from the algebraic reconstruction tomography in characterising the beam behaviour, in terms of the variation of the beam size in response to variation of the quadrupole strengths