181 research outputs found
Effect of Water Content on the Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Horseradish Peroxidase Freeze-Dried from Alkaline pH
The thermal inactivation of horseradish peroxidase freeze-dried from solutions of different pH (8, 10 and 11.5, measured at 25 C) and equilibrated to different water contents was studied in the temperature range from 110 to 150 C. The water contents studied (0.0, 1.4, 16.2 and 25.6 g water per 100 g of dry enzyme) corresponded to water activities of 0.0, 0.11, 0.76 and 0.88 at 4 C. The kinetics were well described by a double exponential model. The enzyme was generally more stable the lower the pH of the original solution, and for all pH values, the maximum stability was obtained at 1.4 g water/100 g dry enzyme. Values of z were generally independent of water content and of the pH of the original solution, and in the range of 15β25 Β°C, usually found in neutral conditions, with the exception of the enzyme freeze dried from pH 11.5 and equilibrated with phosphorus pentoxide, where a z-value of the stable fraction close to 10 C was found
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π° - ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° (ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ) ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ - ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° - ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
Evaluating the potential of high pressure high temperature and thermal processing on volatile compounds, nutritional and structural properties of orange and yellow carrots
The present study compares the impact of thermal and high pressure high temperature(HPHT) processing on volatile profile (via a non-targeted headspace fingerprinting) and structural and nutritional quality parameter (via targeted approaches) of orange and yellow carrot purees. The effect of oil enrichment was also considered. Since oil enrichment affects compounds volatility, the effect of oil was not studied when comparing the volatile fraction. For the targeted part, as yellow carrot purees were shown to contain a very low amount of carotenoids, focus was given to orange carrot purees. The results of the non-targeted approach demonstrated HPHT processing exerts a distinct effect on the volatile fractions compared to thermal processing. In addition, different colored carrot varieties are characterized by distinct headspace fingerprints.
From a structural point of view, limited or no difference could be observed between orange carrot purees treated with HPHT or HT processes, both for samples without and with oil. From nutritional point of view, only in samples with oil, significant isomerisation of all-trans-Ξ²-carotene occurred due to both processing. Overall, for this type of product and for the selected conditions, HPHT processing seems to have a different impact on the volatile profile but rather similar impact on the structural and nutritional attributes compared to thermal processing
Rasch analysis of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) in burn scars
The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) is a questionnaire that was developed to assess scar quality. It consists of two separate six-item scales (Observer Scale and Patient Scale), both of which are scored on a 10-point rating scale. After many years of experience with this scale in burn scar assessment, it is appropriate to examine its psychometric properties using Rasch analysis. Cross-sectional data collection from seven clinical trials resulted in a data set of 1,629 observer scores and 1,427 patient scores of burn scars. We examined the person-item map, item fit statistics, reliability, response category ordering, and dimensionality of the POSAS. The POSAS showed an adequate fit to the Rasch model, except for the item surface area. Person reliability of the Observer Scale and Patient Scale was 0.82 and 0.77, respectively. Dimensionality analysis revealed that the unexplained variance by the first contrast of both scales was 1.7 units. Spearman correlation between the Observer Scale Rasch measure and the overall opinion of the clinician was 0.75. The Rasch model demonstrated that the POSAS is a reliable and valid scale that measures the single-construct scar qualit
Partial motivation, multiple motivation: the role of output schemas in morphology
Theoretical and Experimental Linguistic
Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37Β MJ of fusion for 1.92Β MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion
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