RANDMAN ČETIRIJU POPULACIJA HRVATSKIH ŠARANA (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)

The morphometric traits were determined on the sample of 459 marketable size common carp from the four Croatian fish farms. There traits were analyzed by the classical methods in order to determine the influence of population, scaliness, age and sex on the dressing percentage. The obtained results show the existence of different phenotypes of common carps at Croatian farms, primarily, morphometric differences. However, the sygnificant diferences of dressing percentage among the populations were not registered (p>0.05). The significant difference between the dressing percentages of scaled and mirror carps was not detected (p>0.05), what leads to the conclusion that the scaliness does not influence dressing percentage significantly. The age and sex also, dit not show significant influence on dressing percentage. As the carps were sampled in winter the differences in dressing percentage caused by the different maturation of males and females were excluded.Cyprinidae (šaranke) ukupno čine najveću skupinu uzgajanih riba u svijetu, s udjelom u svjetskoj proizvodnji od oko 74%. U Hrvatskoj je šaran glavna slatkovodna vrsta i već godinama čini 80% do 90% ukupne proizvodnje. Argumentiranim otklanjanjem predrasuda o šaranu kao ribi bijede i teških životnih situacija (II. svj. rat), ribi glomaznih dimenzija nepogodnih za pripremu, punoj kostiju i s okusom na ustajalu vodu (V a l l o d , 1995) naglašava se i razvoj kontroliranih linija sa standardnim morfološkim obilježjima. Uzgoj tako formatiranih riba povećava učinkovitost riboprerađivačke opreme uz jednostavnije oblikovanje postrojenja za filetiranje. U takvoj ponudi odnos iskoristivog dijela ribe i njezine ukupne mase, tj. randman, postaje sve bitnija odrednica njegova daljnjeg komercijalnog iskorištavanja. Zato je cilj ovoga rada procjena randmana konzumnih šarana u Hrvatskoj. Odabrana je riba s ribnjačarstava u Draganićima (D), Končanici (K), Našičkoj Breznici (NB) i Orahovici (G-Grudnjak). I dok se u Draganićima konzumni šaran proizvodi u dvogodišnjem pogonu, na ostalim trima ribnjačarstvima primjenjuje se tehnologija trogodišnjeg uzgoja. Tako odabranim uzorkom željelo se utvrditi rezultiraju li međusobna dislociranost ribnjačastava s različitim ekološkim uvjetima, različitom primijenenom tehnologijom i dužinom trajanja uzgoja, te različitim izvorima nasadnog i matičnog materijala, i razlikama u randmanu konzumne ribe. Randman je određen kao iznos obilježja ukupna masa i obilježja masa trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe i gonada. S dijela uzorka odstranjene su i ljuske pa je određen i randman bez ljusaka kao odnos ukupne mase i mase trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe, gonada i ljusaka. Obilježje je procijenjeno na osnovi populacijske pripadnosti, dobi konzumne ribe (dvogodišnja i trogodišnja), ljuskavosti (ljuskavi, maloljuskavi) i spola. Rezultati analize pokazuju da unatoč razlikama u prosječnoj masi tijela, prosječnoj masi trupa bez glave sa škrgama, bez utrobe i gonada, te prosječnoj masi trupa bez glave sa škrgama, utrobe, gonada i ljusaka između populacija analiziranih šarana s različitih ribnjačarstava među njima nije utvrđena opravdana razlika u randmanu (p>0,05). Između spomenutih populacija konzumnih šarana također nije utvrđena opravdana razlika u randmanu glede različite ljuskavosti, različite dobi i različitoga spola

A potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis for stigmast-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol myristate isolated from Capparis ovata

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the human central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders around the world and there is still no complete cure for MS. Purification of a terpenoid from Capparis ovata was carried out and its structure was elucidated as stigmast-5,22-dien-3 beta-ol, myristate (3 beta, 22E-stigmasteryl myristate; SDM) by NMR and mass spectral analyses. No information regarding its any health effect is available in the literature. In the present study, we have described its effects on inflammatory factors such as the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules as well as apoptosis/infiltration and myelination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression levels of proinflammatory or inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as NF-.B1, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and HIF1A along with T-cell activating cytokines such as IL-6 and TGFB1 were significantly downregulated with SDM treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of the main myelin proteins such as MBP, MAG and PLP that are essential for healthy myelin architecture were significantly up-regulated. The results presented in this study strongly suggest that the SDM offers a unique possibility to be used with autoimmune diseases, including MS due to its activity on the manipulation of cytokines and the promotion of myelin formation

Race/Ethnicity and Geographic Access to Urban Trauma Care

Importance Little is known about the distribution of life-saving trauma resources by racial/ethnic composition in US cities, and if racial/ethnic minority populations disproportionately live in US urban trauma deserts. Objective To examine racial/ethnic differences in geographic access to trauma care in the 3 largest US cities, considering the role of residential segregation and neighborhood poverty. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional, multiple-methods study evaluated census tract data from the 2015 American Community Survey in Chicago, Illinois; Los Angeles (LA), California; and New York City (NYC), New York (N = 3932). These data were paired to geographic coordinates of all adult level I and II trauma centers within an 8.0-km buffer of each city. Between February and September 2018, small-area analyses were conducted to assess trauma desert status as a function of neighborhood racial/ethnic composition, and geospatial analyses were conducted to examine statistically significant trauma desert hot spots. Main Outcomes and Measures In small-area analyses, a trauma desert was defined as travel distance greater than 8.0 km to the nearest adult level I or level II trauma center. In geospatial analyses, relative trauma deserts were identified using travel distance as a continuous measure. Census tracts were classified into (1) racial/ethnic composition categories, based on patterns of residential segregation, including white majority, black majority, Hispanic/Latino majority, and other or integrated; and (2) poverty categories, including nonpoor and poor. Results Chicago, LA, and NYC contained 798, 1006, and 2128 census tracts, respectively. A large proportion comprised a black majority population in Chicago (35.1%) and NYC (21.4%), compared with LA (2.7%). In primary analyses, black majority census tracts were more likely than white majority census tracts to be located in a trauma desert in Chicago (odds ratio [OR], 8.48; 95% CI, 5.71-12.59) and LA (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 1.50-17.39). In NYC, racial/ethnic disparities were not significant in unadjusted models, but were significant in models adjusting for poverty and race-poverty interaction effects (adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.27-2.74). In comparison, Hispanic/Latino majority census tracts were less likely to be located in a trauma desert in NYC (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.11) and LA (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.40), but slightly more likely in Chicago (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.56-3.64). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, black majority census tracts were the only racial/ethnic group that appeared to be associated with disparities in geographic access to trauma centers

FISHERY MANAGEMENT IN THE DANUBE CATCHMENT AREA

Ribolovno gospodarenje Dunavom različito je u njegova tri područja. U gornjem toku prevladavaju problemi športskog ribolova i ekoloških rekonstrukcija, u srednjem im se toku u nekoj mjeri pridružuje i problematika komercijalnog ribolova, čija važnost dolazi do izražaja u donjem toku. Ove razlike nisu toliko posljedica veličine korita koliko ekonomske razvijenosti pojedinih država, njihova ribarskog zakonodavstva, te načina njegove provedbe. Mnoštvo pregrada u gornjem toku Dunava (29 u Njemačkoj, 9 u Austriji) bitno utječe na ihtiocenoze, a radikalan je primjer brana Gabčikovo na slovačko-mađarskoj granici, koja je ulov riba smanjila na četvrtinu. U donjem toku Dunava ulov je spao na trećinu, a i sastav je vrsta radikalno promijenjen u negativnom smjeru, s drastičnim padom udjela jesetrovki, štuka i linjaka. Uzrocima se smatraju gradnja brana, povećana koncentracija nutrijenata i teških kovina, krivolov i prelov. Nužne su bitne promjene u regulaciji komercijalnog ribolova. U srednjem toku, kamo pripada Hrvatska, također se uočava tendencija pada udjela bentofanih i fitofilnih vrsta riba. U tom je području zakonski predviđena koegzistencija športskog i komercijalnog ribolova, no prednost treba dati športskom ribolovu, a komercijalnom se, pod strogim nadzorom, može dopustiti izlov eventualno utvrđenog viška prirodnog prirasta. S obzirom na riblje migracije i političke granice u Podunavlju, radi uspješnog ribarskog gospodarenja, nužno je uspostaviti suradnju i koordinaciju sa susjednim državama.There are three successive regions of the Danube, each of which has to deal with its own problems in fisheries. Sport fishing and ecological recontruction problem matters predominate in the upper flow. These problems also characterize the middle flow, where to a certain extent, commercial fishery is coming into view, while the lower flow has to deal with commercial fishery problems to full extent. The difference is not so much due to the morphometry as to the development and state of the economy of the countries in the river basin, their legislation on fishery and the manner in which the legislation is applied. Numerous dams of the upper flow of the Danube (29 in Germany, 9 in Austria), influence significantly the ichthyocenoses. An extreme example of that is Gabčikovo dam at the Slovak-Hungarian border where fish catch decreased to one fourth. In the lower segment of the Danube fish catch falls down to one third and is followed, by a drastically negative change of fish species composition. The records show that highly valued species as sturgeons, pike and tench are in drastic decline over the last few years. The changes were caused by physical barriers, like dams and weirs, by water pollution, by increasing concentration of nutrients and heavy metals, by poaching and by overexploitation. For all those alarming reasons, some legal interventions in commercial fishery must be undertaken. In the middle flow, where the Danube flows through Croatian territory, there have also been declining trends of bentivore and phytophyl species respectively. The law supports the coexistence of sport and commercial fishery in this area and although sport fishing should be given the advantage, commercial fishing should be rigorously supervised and allowed only when there is a naturally produced surplus. Because of fish migrations and political frontiers of Danube area, it is essential that the neighboring countries coordinate their efforts in managing fisheries successfully

Chemical and biological investigations of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

U radu je opisana izolacija pet sastojaka petroleterske i diklormetanske frakcije metanolnog ekstrakta kore biljke Delonix regia: lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) i p-metoksibenzaldehid (5). Nadalje, testirano je antimikrobno djelovanje različitih ekstrakata difuzijskom metodom na disku (15 μg mm2). Zone inhibicije za sastojke topljive u petroleteru, tetraklormetanu i diklormetanu bile su 914 mm, 1113 mm, odnosno 920 mm, dok je zona inhibicije standarda kanamicina bila 2025 mm. U biološkom pokusu smrtnosti morskih kozica najveću toksičnost pokazali su spojevi topljivi u tetraklormetanu (LC50 = 0,83 μg mL1), dok je topljivost sastojaka topljivih u petroleteru i diklormetanu bila LC50 14,94, odnosno 3,29 μg mL1, a standarda vinkristin sulfata 0,812 μg mL1. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izolaciji sastojaka, antimikrobnom djelovanju i citotoksičnosti biljke D. regia.In this study five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm2) was conducted by disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 914 mm, 1113 mm and 920 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 2025 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity

INDUCED GYNOGENESIS OF COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) AND GRASSCARP (Ctenopharyngodon idella) BY UV-LAMP IRRADIATION

U radu se kratko prikazuju dosadašnja proučavanja ginogeneze riba, kao jednog od važnih područja istraživanja u ihtiogenetici. Razrađuje se metoda mitotske ginogeneze u 1,1τ0 u šarana (Cyprinus carpio) i mejotske ginogeneze u 0,2-0,3 τ0 u bijelog amura (Ctenopharyngodon idella) , primijenjene u vlastitim ispitivanjima. Zaključno se konstatira znanstvena važnost ginogenetskih istraživanja, ali još i dalje veće značenje klasičnih genetskih metoda u praktičnom radu.In this paper the short review of fish gynogenesis, as one of the importani fields of research in ichtiogenetics, is presented. Two methods of own research are described. One of them is mitotic gynogenesis of common carp by 1,1 τ0 Another one is meiotic gynogenesis of grasscarp by 0,2-0,3 τ0. The scientific importance of gynogenetic researches is stated, but also the value of classical genetic methods, which are still more important in practical work

Phytochemical profile and some biological activities of three Centaurea species from Turkey

Purpose: To characterise the phytochemical profile of whole plants of Centaurea balsamita, C. depressa and C. lycopifolia with LC-ESI-MS/MS, and as well as their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities.Methods: Organic and aqueous extracts of the three Centaurea species were evaluated for DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Acetyland butyryl-cholinesterase enzyme inhibition abilities of the extracts using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water were studied to determine anticholinesterase activity, while antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method using appropriate antimicrobial standards and organisms. The phytochemical components of the methanol extracts were assessed by LC-MS/MS.Results: The methanol extract of C. balsamita exhibited much higher DPPH free and ABTS cation radicals scavenging activities (with IC50 of 62.65 ± 0.97 and 24.21 ± 0.70 mg/ml, respectively) than the other extracts. The petroleum ether extracts of the plant species exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzymes while the acetone extract of C. balsamita showed good antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Quinic acid (17513 ± 813 μg/g, 63874 ± 3066 μg/g and 108234 ± 5195 μg/g) was the major compound found in the methanol extracts of C. balsamita, C. depressa and C. Lycopifolia, respectively.Conclusion: These results indicate quinic acid is the major compound in the three plant species and that Centaurea balsamita has significant antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. Further studies to identify the compounds in the extracts responsible for the activities are required.Keywords: Centaurea, LC-ESI-MS/MS, Anticholinesterase, Antioxidant, Antimicrobia

Comparison of labor duration of induced labor with dinoprostone insert vs spontaneous labor

Objectives: Labor induction is one of the most common procedures in modern obstetrics. One in five pregnant women and 30–40% of women delivering vaginally undergo this procedure. If the cervical status is unfavorable, a ripening process is used prior to induction to shorten the duration of oxytocin administration and maximize the possibility of vaginal birth. The aim of this study was to compare the duration of labor induced with dinoprostone vaginal insert additionally followed by foley catheter to spontaneous labor. Material and methods: It was a retrospective study conducted between May 2019 and February 2021 in the tertiary reference center, the Obstetrics and Perinatology Department of the Jagiellonian University Hospital in Krakow. The research group involved 182 patients in singleton pregnancy at term, qualified for cervical ripening procedure. The control group consisted of 178 patients that were delivering spontaneously and admitted to the delivery ward in the first stage of labor. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the duration of labor between groups. To find factors affecting the procedure we compared different models consisting of maternal and fetal characteristics. Results: Successful vaginal delivery in the dinoprostone group was achieved in the group of 88% of patients. There was no significant difference in labor duration between the groups: 315 minutes in the study group and 300 min in the control group. Only being primipara was a factor related to longer labor in both groups. Conclusions: Pre-induction with dinoprostone insert and additional foley catheter, if indicated, does not make labor longer in comparison with spontaneous labor

Identifying Areas with Disproportionate Local Health Department Services Relative to Opioid Overdose, HIV and Hepatitis C Diagnosis Rates: A Study of Rural Illinois

Background: U.S. rural populations have been disproportionately affected by the syndemic of opioid-use disorder (OUD) and the associated increase in overdoses and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Local health departments (LHDs) can play a critical role in the response to this syndemic. We utilized two geospatial approaches to identify areas of discordance between LHD service availability and disease burden to inform service prioritization in rural settings.Methods: We surveyed rural Illinois LHDs to assess their OUD-related services, and calculated county-level opioid overdose, HIV, and hepatitis C diagnosis rates. Bivariate choropleth maps were created to display LHD service provision relative to disease burden in rural Illinois counties. Results: Most rural LHDs provided limited OUD-related services, although many LHDs provided HIV and HCV testing. Bivariate mapping showed rural counties with limited OUD treatment and HIV services and with corresponding higher outcome/disease rates to be dispersed throughout Illinois. Additionally, rural counties with limited LHD-offered hepatitis C services and high hepatitis C diagnosis rates were geographically concentrated in southern Illinois. Conclusions: Bivariate mapping can enable geographic targeting of resources to address the opioid crisis and related infectious disease by identifying areas with low LHD services relative to high disease burden