Caracterización de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años en la Región Sanitaria de Francisco Morazán, Honduras, 2019

Objetivo: Caracterizar la mortalidad de menores de cinco años en la Región Sanitaria de Francisco Morazán, Honduras, 2019. Metodología: el universo fueron 107 niños fallecidos, con edades entre horas de nacido y 4 años, 11 meses y 29 días. Se creó un instrumento en Epi Info y una base de datos en Excel adaptada a las necesidades de la investigación. Resultados: el 50% tenía entre 0 y 7 días de nacidos; el 57% fueron del género masculino; el 69% muertes hospitalarias; el 87% tuvieron contacto con servicios de salud. La mayoría de los datos de las semanas gestacionales no fueron consignados. Según la clasificación, la neonatal temprana tuvo un 50% y según las semanas de gestación, el rango de 38 a 44 obtuvo el 48 %; 69% nacieron institucionalmente; solo el 18% tuvo peso normal debido a un sub registro. Las principales causas de muerte fueron prematurez, afecciones respiratorias y sepsis neonatal. Conclusiones: la mayoría de las muertes registradas en los municipios de Francisco Morazán y que fueron objeto de este estudio, considerando solo la causa directa, son prevalencia, prematurez, afectaciones respiratorias, sepsis, cardiopatías, seguidas de neumonías y malformaciones congénitas. Según la edad de nacimiento del niño al morir, la que prevaleció fue la neonatal temprana, que según la clasificación oscila en horas de nacido hasta los 7 días, por tanto, son niños con extremo bajo peso, prematurez y con algún tipo de malformación congénit

Linking seasonal forecasts into RiskView to enhance food security contingency planning

RiskView is a tool developed by the World Food Programme (WFP) to translate weather data (real-time and historical) and other spatial information (e.g., crops, drought risk, population, etc.) into food security needs and response costs. It serves as a swift way of estimating costs in advance of food insecurity outlooks for financial planning, and for facilitating better resource allocations to disasters before on-the-ground needs assessments are produced

Continuous-Time Multiobjective Optimization Problems via Invexity

We introduce some concepts of generalized invexity for the continuous-time multiobjective programming problems, namely, the concepts of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker invexity and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker pseudoinvexity. Using the concept of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker invexity, we study the relationship of the multiobjective problems with some related scalar problems. Further, we show that Karush-Kuhn-Tucker pseudoinvexity is a necessary and suffcient condition for a vector Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solution to be a weakly efficient solution

Effectiveness of the flipped classroom methodology In the performance of higher education students: systematic review with meta-analysis

Introduction: The methodology Flipped Classroom (FC) consists in individual activities that the student has to do at home through the use of technologies which help the student to prepare for class, and during classes, activities are performed as more dynamic classes centered on the student. Through the years, the success has reached the maximum levels of performance and satisfaction in the teaching sessions in different areas of education compared to the classical methods, and there are no conclusive and considerable studies that compile and analyze this information succinctly. Objective: To analyze experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluate the methodology database in FC in performance and student satisfaction in comparison with the expository methodology. Methodology: This article is a systematic review that analyzes the randomized controlled trial (RCT) and Quasi-experimental studies selected with the methodology FC, which measures the efficacy through the results achieved in the realization and evaluation of the students. These articles were found in EBSCOhost and PubMed. Results: We selected 41 articles, that fulfilled all inclusion criteria established by the authors, for the accomplishment of this systematic review. Discussion: The results of our meta-analysis, both RCTs and quasi-experimental studies, point to a better effectiveness of the FC methodology compared to the expository methodology in academic performance. However, there is a heterogeneity in planned and developed activities during class, which means that our conclusions can’t be generalized. The poor methodological quality of the included studies, especially quasi-experimental studies, does not allow our conclusions about efficacy to be vigorous. Nevertheless, based on these first promising data, it seems to us that this methodology offers learning opportunities that aren’t possible in a classroom based on lectures and subject matter exposition. Conclusion: Although the articles selected have poor methodological quality, and it is necessary more rigorous investigations on this methodology, we believe that the FC methodology could revolutionize teaching methods and replace traditional teaching, which is so deeply rooted in today's society and doesn’t seems to favor the achievement of transversal competences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CARACTERIZACION DE BACTERIAS HALOFÍLAS AISLADAS DE UN SISTEMA DE TRATAMIENTO DE LODOS ACTIVADOS DEL TERMINAL PETROLÍFERO ALMIRANTE BARROSO SAO PAULO, BRASIL

La búsqueda de microorganismos extremófllos con potencial uso en procesos de biorremediación ha fascinado a diferentes investigadores, explorando diferentes tipos de ecosistemas tales como los efluentes de terminales petrolíferos, dada a sus condiciones hipersalinas, nos lleva a plantearnos si existen microorganismos que puedan tolerar estas condiciones y ser usado como alternativas potenciales en procesos de descontaminación de la industria petrolera. En el presente trabajo se ha realizado la caracterización de 4 cepas bacterias aisladas del Sistema de Tratamiento de Lodos Activados del Terminal Petrolífero Almirante Barroso (TEBAR-SP), los resultados a través del análisis fllogenético revelan que las bacterianas aisladas corresponden a Idiomarina sp, Halomonas sp, Brevibacterium casei y Bacillusflexus. Estos microorganismos muestran una alta tolerancia para crecer a niveles elevados de salinidad (9% NaCI) y su capacidad para degradar hidrocarburos específicos (Hexadecano 1%, Fenol 0.02% Naftaleno 0.01%, Fenantreno 0.01% y Pireno 0.01% Benzopireno 0.005%), siendo más representativos Bacillusflexus y Idiomarina sp. Estos resultados permitirán realizar pruebas de biodegradación en plantas pilotos a mayor escala de la industria petrolera

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Ichthyoplankton in Manila Bay in Relation to Oceanographic Conditions

Manila Bay faces serious problems today such as pollution, coastal area reclamation and infrastructure, overfishing, and other activities that worsen the present condition of the bay. It is considered as one of the major fishing grounds in the Philippines. Fish eggs and larvae collection was carried out to determine their distribution, abundance, and composition in the bay. Eight established sampling stations were placed throughout the bay with an average distance of 5-6 nautical miles apart and sampled every other month on a monsoonal basis. Bongo net (360 microns mesh size, 1.5 meters in length, and a diameter of 50-centimeter mouth opening) with attached calibrated flowmeter was used in collecting fish larvae. Physical (salinity, temperature,), chemical (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, dissolved oxygen), and biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton) parameters were also carefully studied to be able to explain such uncommon event within the bay. In spite of the current status and worsening condition of water quality of the bay, high abundances of fish eggs and larvae were consistently observed during the northeast monsoon surveys (March) from 2012 to 2015. A total of 3,008 individuals were identified belonging to 34 fish families. The highest fish egg density was observed during March 2013 with 1,550 ind./100m3, followed by March 2012 and 2015 with 1,484 ind./100m3 and 1,182 ind./100m3, respectively. An abundance of fish larvae was observed during March 2015 with 414 ind./100m3, followed by March 2012 (329 ind./100m3), and March 2014 (311 ind./100m3). The lowest density observed was in September 2012 with a density of 132 ind/100m3 fish eggs and 46 ind/100m3 fish larvae. The results were consistent that most fish eggs aggregate in the middle part of the bay especially in Stations 4 and 2 from 2012-2015. For fish larvae, they were consistently found in the eastern part of the bay (stations 6, 8, and 7) throughout the duration of the study, it was also the areas where high concentrations of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nutrients were observed. A high abundance of fish eggs and fish larvae was observed during northeast monsoon than southwest monsoon. In addition, fish larvae family was dominated by small pelagic fish such as sardines, slipmouths, and mullets. The most dominant fish families found were Clupeidae, followed Leiognathidae, and Nemipteridae. Sillaginidae and Mugilidae were also included in the top five abundant families that occur during every sampling period were