Association between Job-Related Factors and Work-Related Anxiety, and Moderating Effect of Decision-Making Authority in Korean Wageworkers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Among the factors causing workers' anxiety, job-related factors are important since they can be managed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between work-related anxiety and job-related factors among Korean wageworkers using data from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Participants were 13,600 Korean wageworkers aged <65 years. We analyzed the association between job-related factors and work-related anxiety, and the moderating effect of decision-making authority. "Meeting precise quality standards," "Solving unforeseen problems on your own," "Complex tasks," "Learning new things," "Working at very high speed," and "Working to tight deadlines" were positively associated with work-related anxiety. "Monotonous tasks" was negatively associated with work-related anxiety. The odds ratio (OR) of "Complex tasks" was higher in the group that had insufficient decision-making authority (OR 3.92, 95% confidential interval (CI) 2.40-6.42) compared to that with sufficient decision-making authority (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.61-4.67). The risk of work-related anxiety was higher when the workers experienced time pressure, carried out tasks with high mental and physical demands, and dealt with unpredictable situations. This association was more pronounced when decision-making authority was insufficient.ope

Association of Plasma Creatine With Inflammation and Cognitive Function in Persons With and Without Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective: Creatine, energy buffer in high energy demanding systems including muscle and brain, may play a beneficial role against neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and thus be a potential biomarker. This study aimed to compare the levels of plasma creatine between persons with and without AD and investigate associations of plasma creatine levels with cognitive function and blood-based inflammatory markers. Methods: We classified elderly participants by cognitive statuses: normal cognition (NC, n=17), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n=21), and AD (n=21). To assess cognitive function and inflammatory condition, we performed neuropsychological tests and measured plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, respectively. Results: Plasma creatine levels were comparable among participants with AD, MCI, and NC. In overall participants, plasma creatine levels were not associated with neuropsychological test scores, but negatively associated with plasma CRP levels. In AD group, plasma creatine levels were negatively associated with neuropsychological test scores and, although not significant, CRP levels (p=0.086). In participants without AD (NC plus MCI), these associations disappeared. Conclusion: Plasma creatine levels may not be useful as a biomarker indicating cognitive statuses. However, our results suggest that, in AD, plasma levels of creatine might reflect the extent of neuroinflammation as well as cognitive deterioration.ope

Exposure of ultrafine particulate matter causes glutathione redox imbalance in the hippocampus: A neurometabolic susceptibility to Alzheimer's pathology

Particulate matter (PM) exposure is related to an increased risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenesis of which is explained by chronic neurometabolic disturbance. Therefore, PM-induced alterations in neurometabolism might herald AD. We aimed to identify brain region-specific changes in metabolic pathways associated with ultrafine particle (UFP) exposure and to determine whether such metabolic alterations are linked to susceptibility to AD. We constructed UFP exposure chambers and generated UFP by the pyrolysis method, which produces no toxic oxidized by-products of combustion, such as NOx and CO. Twenty male C57BL6 mice (11-12 months old) were exposed either to UFP or room air in the chambers for 3 weeks. One week following completion of UFP exposure, regional brain tissues, including the olfactory bulb, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, were obtained and analyzed by metabolomics based on GC-MS and LC-MS, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that the metabolomic phenotype was distinct within the 4 different anatomical regions following UFP exposure. The highest level of metabolic change was identified in the hippocampus, a vulnerable region involved in AD pathogenesis. In this region, one of the key changes was perturbed redox homeostasis via alterations in the methionine-glutathione pathway. UFP exposure also induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and importantly, increased Alzheimer's beta-amyloid levels in the hippocampus. These results suggest that inhaled UFP-induced perturbation in hippocampal redox homeostasis has a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, chronic exposure to UFP should be regarded as a cumulative environmental risk factor for sporadic AD.ope

Pioglitazone use associated with reduced risk of the first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case-control study

Background: Pioglitazone use is known to be associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who have a history of stroke. However, it is unclear whether this benefit extends to patients without a history of stroke. We aimed to evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and development of first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Methods: Using longitudinal nationwide data from the 2002-2017 Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort, we analyzed the association between pioglitazone use and incidence of primary ischemic stroke using a nested case-control study. Among 128,171 patients with newly onset type 2 DM who were stroke-free at the time of DM diagnosis, 4796 cases of ischemic stroke were identified and matched to 23,980 controls based on age, sex, and the onset and duration of DM. The mean (standard deviation) follow-up time was 6.08 (3.34) years for the cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ischemic stroke and pioglitazone use were analyzed by multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk profile, and other oral antidiabetic medications. Results: Pioglitazone use was associated with a reduced risk of first attack of ischemic stroke (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.60-0.80) when compared with non-use. Notably, pioglitazone use was found to have a dose-dependent association with reduced rate of ischemic stroke emergence (first cumulative defined daily dose [cDDD] quartile AOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74-1.32; second quartile, AOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.56-1.06; third quartile, AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.36-0.71; highest quartile, AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.69). More pronounced risk reduction was found in patients who used pioglitazone for more than 2 years. A further stratified analysis revealed that pioglitazone use had greater protective effects in patients with risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, obesity, and current smoking. Conclusions: Pioglitazone use may have a preventive effect on primary ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 DM, particularly in those at high risk of stroke.ope

Association of metformin use with Alzheimer's disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a population-based nested case-control study

Metformin reduces insulin resistance, which constitutes a pathophysiological connection of diabetes with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the evidence of metformin on AD development was still insufficient and conflicting. We investigated AD risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM treated with metformin. This retrospective, observational, nested case-control study included patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort (2002-2017). Among 70,499 dementia-free DM patients, 1675 AD cases were matched to 8375 controls for age, sex, and DM onset and duration. The association between AD and metformin was analyzed by multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for comorbidities and cardiometabolic risk profile. Metformin use was associated with an increased odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.50; 95% CI 1.23-1.83). The risk of AD was higher in patients with a longer DM duration. Furthermore, AD risk was significantly high in DM patients with depression (AOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02-4.12). Given the large number of patients with DM who are taking metformin worldwide, a double-blinded, prospective study is required to determine the long-term cognitive safety of metformin.ope

(A) Study on thd Texture Represented in Tapestry

실용적인 목적에서 발생하게 된 타피스트리는 인간 문화 발전과 밀접한 연관성을 가지면서 끊임없이 새로운 것을 창조해내려는 예술가들에 의해서 그 내면세계를 표현하는 한 수단이 되어 왔다. 또한 현대 미술속에서 차차 독립적인 위치를 차지하면서 순수 예술의 한 분야로 발전하게 되었으며, 섬유 예술이라는 넓은 개념의 영역을 이루게 되었다. 이렇게 인류 역사와 함께 발전해 온 타피스트리는 그 시대의 사회적 환경속에서 당시의 미술 사조나 경향을 반영하기도 한다. 따라서 회화와도 깊은 연관성과 유사성을 갖게 되었다. 그러나 타피스트리는 회화와는 달리 다양한 질감을 갖는다는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 시각적 질감과 촉각적 질감을 공유하는 타피스트리의 미적인 특성과 또 이에 영향을 주게 되는 요소에 대해 연구하여 실제 작품 제작을 하는데 도움이 되도록 하였다.;The tapestry originated from practical use, having a close relationship with the development of human culture, has been one instrument representing inner world of artists who has consistently made an effort to pursue new things. In addition, it has occupied an independent position in modern art world, recently developed into one field of the purism and constituted broader realm called art fabric. Such a tapestry, which has been developed with human history, often reflects the trend or tendency within social environment of the age because, it also does take deep relationship and similarity with pictorial art. However, this tapestry takes a aesthetic characteristic having various textures other than pictorial aft. This study examines the aesthetic characteristic of tapestry sharing with visual texture and tactile one, and factors affecting to them, and then has proved of great help to artistic work.목차 = ⅲ 논문개요 = ⅸ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 A. 연구목적 = 1 B. 연구범위 및 방법 = 1 Ⅱ. 본론 = 3 A. 타피스트리의 개관 = 3 1. 타피스트리의 개념 = 3 2. 타피스트리의 역사적 발달과정 = 4 B. 타피스트리의 미적 특성 = 19 1. 색채의 시각적 혼합 = 19 2. 색채의 지각과 연상성 = 21 3. 시각적인 것과 촉각적인 것과의 조화 = 22 C. 타피스트리에 있어서 디자인과 질감 = 24 1. 바우하우스 예비 과정에서의 교육 = 24 2. 질감에 영향을 주게 되는 요소 = 34 D. 작품제작 및 분석 = 68 Ⅲ. 결론 = 89 참고문헌 = 90 ABSTRACT = 9

블록 매개변수화를 이용한 굴절법자료의 주시역산

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :자원공학과,1998.Maste

The professional identity, career commitment and subjective well-being of art therapy students

This article explores the professional identity, career commitment, and subjective well-being of art therapy students compared with those of counseling psychology students. Art therapy graduate students (N = 112) and counseling psychology graduate students (N = 91) completed the My Vocational Situation (MVS), Career Commitment Measurement (CCM), and Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB) measures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-tests, and x(2)-tests. The results of this study are as follows: First, correlation analysis results showed that professional identity is interrelated with career commitment and subjective well-being. Second, the results of regression analysis indicated that career commitment and subjective well-being were significant predictors of professional identity. Third, comparing art therapy students with counseling psychology students revealed that there were no significant differences in professional identity and career commitment between the two groups. However, art therapy students needed much more vocational information than counseling psychology students, and they were also more likely to complain of the economic difficulties they faced in pursuing their career. In addition, the two groups showed no difference on the overall subjective well-being scale, but the counseling psychology graduate students showed higher life satisfaction and reported more positive emotions than art therapy students. Finally, this study&#39;s implications and limitations are presented

7β-Hydroxycholesterol 이 알츠하이머 치매 병인 기전에 미치는 영향과 말초 바이오마커로써의 활용 가능성 탐색

콜레스테롤 대사 이상과 알츠하이머 병인 기전과의 관련성이 지속적으로 보고됨에 따라, 콜레스테롤 대사체인 산화 콜레스테롤에 대한 연구가 진행되어왔으나, 산화 콜레스테롤이 치매 병리에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 특히 동맥경화와 관련된 것으로 알려진 7beta-hydroxycholesterol(7β-OHC)와 치매 병리와의 관련성은 충분히 연구되지 않았다. 치매 환자의 혈액, 뇌척수액에서 7β-OHC이 증가되어 있다는 것이 꾸준히 보고되어 왔지만, 이것이 알츠하이머병이 진행됨에 따라 증가되는 부산물인지, 핵심 치매 병리와 관련된 요인 인지에 대해서는 잘 알려진 바가 없다. 한편, 모발내 누적된 콜레스테롤 수준은 지난 몇 개월 동안의 혈장 콜레스테롤 노출 수준을 반영한다고 알려져 있으며, 상대적으로 외부요인에 의한 영향이 적어 안정적인 콜레스테롤 측정을 가능케하는 생체 산물이다. 이에 본 연구에서 혈액이 아닌 모발에서 7β-OHC가 알츠하이머 말초 바이오마커로 활용될 수 있는지에 대한 가능성을 환자 군에서 탐색하고, 동물실험을 통해 7β-OHC이 치매 병리에 미치는 효과를 직접적으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 치매 진단에 따라 참여자를 세 군(정상인지, 경도인지장애 치매)으로 나눈 뒤, 기체 크로마토그래피 질량 분석법(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)을 통해 모발에서의 7β-OHC 수준을 측정하였고, 이후 인지 기능과 관련된 임상 지표와의 관련성을 분석하였다. 실제 뇌 안에서 7β-OHC의 역할을 조사하기 위해, 마우스 양쪽 해마에 7β-OHC를 주입한 뒤 대표적인 알츠하이머 병인 기전인 아밀로이드 베타, 타우 인산화 및 신경염증의 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한, 7β-OHC의 주입에 따른 인지 기능에 대한 영향을 평가하기 위해 터치스크린을 기반으로 한 행동 실험을 진행하였다. 분석 결과, 치매 환자 군과 경도인지장애의 모발에서 정상 군에 비해 7β-OHC 레벨이 유의미하게 증가하였으며, 연령, 성별, 교육 수준 및 스타틴(statin) 사용여부를 보정한 후에도 7β-OHC 과 간이정신상태검사 및 전반적 퇴화척도와 유의미한 상관관계가 관찰되었다. 마우스 실험에서 7β-OHC를 주입한 군에서 미세아교세포와 별아교세포의 활성화가 관찰되었으며, 대표적인 염증 사이토카인인 IL-1β 와 IL-6 분비가 증가하였다. 특징적으로 7β-OHC를 주입 후 BACE1 단백질의 발현이 유의미하게 증가되고, 반대로 TACE 레벨이 감소하는 등 전반적인 amyloidogenic pathway 가 증가되었다. 추가적인 행동 실험에서, 7β-OHC를 주입한 군에서 전두엽 기능장애를 시사하는 보속증이 관찰되었다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 모발에서 채취한 7β-OHC의 변화가 인지 저하 및 치매 위험성과 관련성이 있음을 증명하였으며, 7β-OHC 주입이 직접적으로 치매 병리에 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 모발에서 콜레스테롤 축적량이 일정 기간 동안의 혈장 노출 수준을 나타낸다는 점을 고려하면, 본 연구는 증가된 혈장 7β-OHC이 알츠하이머 병리를 증가시킬 수 있는 선행 인자 일 수 있음을 시사한다. Purpose: Despite increasing evidence that oxysterols are elevated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), little is known about the effects of oxysterols on AD brain pathology. Further, the analysis of oxysterols has been challenged because of methodological limitations that allow sampling of only blood or CSF. Recently, hair cholesterol has been reported as a valid peripheral marker for cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between hair 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC) and AD in human and examine the effects of 7β-OHC treatment on the mouse brain. Methods: 7β-OHC levels in the scalp hair of participants with normal cognition (NC, n = 82), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 39), and AD (n = 81) were assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationships between hair 7β-OHC levels and various clinical features representing cognitive status were analyzed. Upon stereotaxic injection of 7β-OHC into the hippocampus of mice, AD pathologies such as β-amyloid, tau, and neuroinflammation were analyzed. The behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular injection of 7β-OHC were assessed using the touchscreen-based 5-choice serial reaction time task. Results: Hair 7β-OHC levels were increased in AD patients than in NC individuals (p = 0.001). There were also significant correlations between hair 7β-OHC levels and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) scores after controlling for age, sex, education, and statin use. The animal experiments showed that hippocampal 7β-OHC injection induced microglial and astrocyte activation and increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Hippocampal 7β-OHC injection also promoted the amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by upregulating β-amyloid converting enzyme 1 (BACE1; β-secretase) while downregulating tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme (TACE; α-secretase). Behavioral assessment showed that 7β-OHC treatment increased perseveration, which is compatible with the response observed in frontal lobe dysfunction. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that 7β-OHC levels in the scalp hair could serve as a convenient peripheral biomarker for AD. Given that the levels of accumulated steroid molecules in the hair reflect plasma levels during the past few months, this study also suggests that elevated plasma 7β-OHC could contribute to AD pathogenesis via increasing neuroinflammation and inducing the amyloidogenic pathway.open박

Plasma Clusterin as a Potential Link Between Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease

Objective: Plasma clusterin, a promising biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD), has been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, clusterin has not been investigated considering a relationship with both DM and AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the individual and interactive relationships of plasma clusterin levels with both diseases. Design: Cross-sectional observation study. Methods: We classified participants by the severity of cognitive (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and AD) and metabolic (healthy control, prediabetes, and DM) impairments. We evaluated the cognitive and metabolic functions of the participants with neuropsychological assessments, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and various blood tests, to explore potential relationships with clusterin. Results: Plasma clusterin levels were higher in participants with AD and metabolic impairment (prediabetes and DM). A two-way ANCOVA revealed no synergistic, but an additive effect of AD and DM on clusterin. Clusterin was negatively correlated with cognitive scores. It was also associated with metabolic status indicated by glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index, and fasting C-peptide. It showed correlations between medial temporal atrophy and periventricular white matter lesions, indicating neurodegeneration and microvascular insufficiency, respectively. Further mediation analysis to understand the triadic relationship between clusterin, AD, and DM revealed that the association between DM and AD was significant when clusterin is considered as a mediator of their relationship. Conclusions: Clusterin is a promising biomarker of DM as well as of AD. Additionally, our data suggest that clusterin may have a role in linking DM with AD as a potential mediator.restrictio