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    A Study on the Academism and the Characteristic of Cultural Movement of the 1960s University Theater Production

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μΈλ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™ κ΅­μ–΄κ΅­λ¬Έν•™κ³Ό,2019. 8. μ–‘μŠΉκ΅­.The purpose of this paper is to examine the political, social and cultural context surrounding the university theater movement in the 1960s to identify characteristics of the cultural movement and its meaning of the university theater movement that developed under the influence of academism. This paper also intends to reveal the characteristics and definition of "university theater production" within the theatrical context of the 1960s, assuming that the university theater movement in the 1960s is based on the generation recognition of "University" and "University student" after the Korean war and the April Revolution. This paper refers to the view of the cultural sociology of Raymond Williams from the perspective of cultural studies in order to analyze the context of the theater scene of the period and the meaning of university students in the 1960s, which were triggered by the political events of the April Revolution. Through this, the university theater movement in the 1960s contributed to nurturing and producing new audiences that were based on the academic system of universities, which were reorganized after the Korean War. The university theater movement not only served as a prelude to new 'experimental theatre' that was based on amateurism, but it also attempted as part of a cultural movement amid the criticism of Korean societys political reality at that time. Especially during the 1960s, the university theater production should be understood in the context of the cultural movement as it was actively involved and developed with the cultural sensibilities of university students of the era, and not as a theatrical movement in a narrow sense by handful of university stage actors. This production wants to reveal the characteristics of the "cultural movement" within the university theater movement on a public level encompassing the entire university culture of the time, and not the "theater movement" on a basic level. As a cultural opportunity and the background of the 1960s, this paper focuses on the April Revolution and decides to use the university student plays as the subject and scope of the study. To this end, various materials such as the repertoire list of university theater productions, program books, oral archive materials, and university history research were referred to during the academic year of the time. Chapter 2 examines the knowledge fields and changes in universities during the 1950s and 1960s, which formed the basis of cultural movements. In the late 1950s, when first-generation scholars entered universities after the liberation, they identified the situation of the academic fields and their role as telegraphs of culture, which revealed that the foundation of university culture laid in line with the beginning of campus festivals, the spread of American culture, and the growth of popular culture. The purpose of this project was to identify the cultural status and the meaning of "theater production" in university culture at that time and to confirm that the movement of theater productions developed in ways that distinguishes itself from established productions, while thoroughly aware of its role and mission of the "university theater production. Chapter 3 looks at the specific aspects of the 1960s university theater movement, which was in the midst of the consciousness of students and their generation, who emerged as cultural entities after the April Revolution. During this period, university theater groups emphasized their roles as an 'experimental stage' and wanted to implement it through real-life performances. During this time, the western productions were actively accepted as a model for the modern Korean productions. While European theatrical works were performed as a rejection of the existing Korean realism style, the influence of American culture as a symbol of Western culture had become stronger, and the university stage was filled with British-American modern theater. In addition, native language productions were frequently performed by students majoring in foreign languages, with the emphasis on 'ability to speak foreign languages' as it was viewed as traits of cultured people. The performance of translated productions in universities was actively accepted in the sense of ultimately laying the foundation for "the Our New Modern Drama," but it was criticized for its Western populism attitude and losing its original purpose. Finally, Chapter 4 confirms that performances of original productions and traditional performances were attempted in accordance with critical reflection on performances of westernized productions and the perception of university students about the political reality. While the works of the newly emerging playwright after the war were performed, the works of the existing and new playwrights also re-emerged in the name of finding the root of Our Play. Furthermore, productions created by students had begun to appear on stages with a sense that only university theater production should secure their identity and independence. Meanwhile, interest in traditional methods have been heightened as an art form that reveals resistance to the Park Chung-hee. In the beginning, the focus was on recreating the Korean traditional theater style,but it gradually led to new performances that were a combination of traditional and western style theaters. The performances served as the source of the Madangguek movement in the 1970s with experimental minds and formal attempts, even though they were not part of the mainstream contemporary university theater movement. In summary, the 1960s university theater movement developed into a pursuit of their own "ideology" that was different from established productions with the zeitgeist as a university student based on the Academism within the university. In short, this is the goal of Our New Modern Theater. In the context, it accepted translated westernized productions, attempted original productions, and traditional-related performances. Thus, in the 1960s, the university theater movement was able to establish itself as a "cultural movement" that was closely related to the undergraduate (youth) culture of the time.이 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό μ •μΉ˜Β·μ‚¬νšŒΒ·λ¬Έν™”μ  λ§₯락을 μ‚΄ν•ŒμœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ•„μΉ΄λ°λ―Έμ¦˜μ˜ 영ν–₯ μ•„λž˜ μ „κ°œλœ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ˜ λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ  성격과 κ·Έ 의미λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έκ³ λŠ” 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ΄ ν•΄λ°© ν›„ 재편된 λŒ€ν•™κ³Ό 4.19 혁λͺ… 이후 λŒ€ν•™μƒμ˜ μ„ΈλŒ€ 인식에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ „μ œν•˜κ³  이와 ν•¨κ»˜ 1960λ…„λŒ€ 연극사적인 λ§₯락을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 이 μ‹œκΈ° λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήμ΄ μ§€λ‹Œ νŠΉμ§•κ³Ό 의미λ₯Ό 밝히고자 ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έκ³ λŠ” λ‹ΉλŒ€ μ—°κ·Ήκ³„μ˜ λ§₯락과 4.19혁λͺ…μ΄λΌλŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ  μ‚¬κ±΄μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ΄‰λ°œλ˜λŠ” 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™, λŒ€ν•™μƒμ˜ 의미λ₯Ό λ‹€μΈ΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 문화연ꡬ(cultural studies)의 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ λ ˆμ΄λ¨Όλ“œ μœŒλ¦¬μ—„μ¦ˆμ˜ λ¬Έν™”μ‚¬νšŒν•™(the sociology of culture)의 관점을 μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해, 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ€ ν•΄λ°© ν›„ 재편된 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 학적 체계λ₯Ό 기반으둜 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 연극인을 μ–‘μ„±ν•˜κ³  λ°°μΆœν•˜λŠ”λ° κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, μ•„λ§ˆμΆ”μ–΄λ¦¬μ¦˜μ— μž…κ°ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹€ν—˜ μ—°κ·Ήμ˜ μ „μ΄ˆμ§€λ‘œμ„œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν–ˆμ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹Ήμ‹œ ν•œκ΅­μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ •μΉ˜ν˜„μ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ˜μ‹ μ†μ—μ„œ λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ˜ μΌν™˜μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ‹œλ„λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ 밝히고자 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히, 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ€ μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ λŒ€ν•™ 연극인듀에 μ˜ν•œ 쒁은 μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œμ˜ μ—°κ·Ήμš΄λ™μ΄λΌκΈ°λ³΄λ‹€ λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λ¬Έν™” 감각과 적극적으둜 κ΄€κ³„ν•˜λ©° λ°œμƒν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ˜ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μ΄ν•΄λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” ν†΅μ‹œμ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ μ—°κ·Ήμš΄λ™μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™” μ „λ°˜μ„ μ•„μš°λ₯΄λŠ” κ³΅μ‹œμ  μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ΄ μ§€λ‹Œ λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ  성격을 밝히고자 함을 λœ»ν•œλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έκ³ λŠ” 1950~60λ…„λŒ€λΌλŠ” μ‹œλŒ€μ  λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 문화적 κ³„κΈ°λ‘œμ„œ 4μ›” 혁λͺ…에 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜κ³  λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ³Ό λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™”, 그리고 λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ³΅μ—°λœ 연극을 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒ 및 λ²”μœ„λ‘œ μ‚Όκ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‹Ήμ‹œ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήμ˜ λ ˆνΌν† λ¦¬ λͺ©λ‘, 곡연 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 뢁, ꡬ술 아카이빙 자료뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹ΉλŒ€ ν•™λ‚΄ μ‹ λ¬Έ 및 μ’…ν•© ꡐ양지, λŒ€ν•™μ‚¬ 연ꡬ λ“±μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 본고의 2μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜μ„ ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 1950~60λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄ 지식μž₯κ³Ό κ·Έ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‚΄ν”Όμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•΄λ°© ν›„ 1μ„ΈλŒ€ ν•™μžκ°€ λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„μΆœν•˜λ˜ 1950λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜ ν•™μˆ μž₯의 상황과 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ „μ‹ μžλ‘œμ„œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ 역할을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 이와 ν•¨κ»˜ λŒ€ν•™κ΅ μΆ•μ œμ˜ μ‹œμž‘, λ―Έκ΅­ λ¬Έν™”μ˜ ν™•μ‚°, λŒ€μ€‘λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ„±μž₯에 따라 λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 기틀이 λ§ˆλ ¨λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ°νžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λ‹Ήμ‹œ λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œ 연극이 μ§€λ‹Œ 문화적 μœ„μƒκ³Ό 의미λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  이 μ‹œκΈ° λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ΄ κΈ°μ„±μ—°κ·Ήκ³Ό κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήλ§Œμ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό 사λͺ…감을 μ² μ €νžˆ μ˜μ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μš΄λ° μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” 4μ›” 혁λͺ… 이후 λ¬Έν™”μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€κ³Ό μ΄λ“€μ˜ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜μ‹ κ°€μš΄λ° 놓인 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ˜ ꡬ체적인 면면듀을 μ‚΄ν”Όμ—ˆλ‹€. 이 μ‹œκΈ° λŒ€ν•™ 연극인듀은 μ‹€ν—˜λ¬΄λŒ€λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 역할을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό μ‹€μ œ 곡연을 톡해 κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œμ— ꡬ미 λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ήμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ—°κ·Ήμ˜ λͺ¨λΈλ‘œμ„œ 적극적으둜 μˆ˜μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κΈ°μ‘΄ μ‹ κ·Ήμ˜ μ‚¬μ‹€μ£Όμ˜ κ·Ή 양식에 λŒ€ν•œ κ±°λΆ€λ‘œμ„œ 유럽의 μ—°κ·Ήμ£Όμ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ΄ κ³΅μ—°λ˜λŠ”κ°€ ν•œνŽΈ, μ„œκ΅¬λ¬Έν™”μ˜ ν‘œμƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ―Έκ΅­λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 κ°•λ ₯해짐에 따라 영미 ν˜„λŒ€κ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ λŒ€ν•™ λ¬΄λŒ€κ°€ μ±„μ›Œμ‘Œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ ꡐ양인이 κ°–μΆ°μ•Ό ν•  자질둜 μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄ ꡬ사 λŠ₯λ ₯이 강쑰됨에 따라 μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄ 전곡 학생듀에 μ˜ν•œ 원어극이 자주 κ³΅μ—°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄ λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ή 곡연은 ꢁ극적으둜 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 우리의 연극을 μœ„ν•œ κΈ°λ°˜μ„ κ΅¬μΆ•ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ 적극 μˆ˜μš©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ λ‹Ήμ΄ˆμ˜ λͺ©μ μ˜μ‹μ€ μƒμ‹€ν•œ 채 μ„œκ΅¬ μΆ”μˆ˜μ£Όμ˜μ  νƒœλ„λΌλŠ” λΉ„νŒμ„ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 4μž₯μ—μ„œλŠ” λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ή 곡연에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ  μ„±μ°°κ³Ό μ •μΉ˜ν˜„μ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 인식에 따라 μ°½μž‘κ·Ή 및 전톡연희λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ 곡연이 μ‹œλ„λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ „ν›„ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ 신진 κ·Ήμž‘κ°€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ΄ κ³΅μ—°λ˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, 우리 μ—°κ·Ήμ˜ 뿌리λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” λͺ…λͺ© ν•˜μ— κΈ°μ‘΄ μ‹ κ·Ή μž‘κ°€λ“€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆ λ˜ν•œ 재쑰λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήλ§Œμ˜ 정체성과 독립성을 ν™•λ³΄ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜μ‹κ°€μš΄λ° 학생 μ°½μž‘κ·Ήμ΄ λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μ˜¬λΌκ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, 박정희 κ΅°λΆ€λ…μž¬λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ 저항을 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 전톡연희에 λŒ€ν•œ 관심이 κ³ μ‘°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” 전톡극 양식을 μž¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ£Όμ•ˆμ„ λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 점차 전톡극과 μ„œκ΅¬κ·Ή 양식을 κ²°ν•©ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 곡연을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜κΈ°μ— 이λ₯Έλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 곡연은 비둝 λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ˜ μ£Όλ₯˜μ— μ†ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ μ‹€ν—˜ μ •μ‹ κ³Ό ν˜•μ‹μ  μ‹œλ„μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 1970λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄ λ§ˆλ‹Ήκ·Ή μš΄λ™μ˜ λͺ¨νƒœλ‘œμ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μ’…ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Ό λ•Œ, 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ€ λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄ μ•„μΉ΄λ°λ―Έμ¦˜μ„ 기반으둜 λŒ€ν•™μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ‹œλŒ€μ  사λͺ…감을 κ°–κ³  κΈ°μ„±κ·Ήκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μžμ‹ λ“€λ§Œμ˜ μ΄μ¦˜μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ΄λŠ” ν•œλ§ˆλ””λ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 우리의 연극에 λŒ€ν•œ 지ν–₯이라 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°°κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œ ꡬ미 λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ήμ„ μˆ˜μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° μ°½μž‘κ·Ή 및 전톡 κ΄€λ ¨ 곡연이 μ‹œλ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이에 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ή μš΄λ™μ€ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ—°κ·Ήμš΄λ™μ˜ 차원을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œ λ‹ΉλŒ€ λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™”μ™€ κΈ΄λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ κ΄€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μžλ¦¬λ§€κΉ€ν•  수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.1. μ„œ λ‘  1 1.1. 문제제기 및 연ꡬ사 κ²€ν†  1 1.2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ‹œκ° 8 2. 1950~60λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄ 지식μž₯의 변화와 λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ˜ κΈ°λ°˜ν˜•μ„± 17 2.1. λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ „μ‹ μžλ‘œμ„œ ν•΄λ°© ν›„ 1μ„ΈλŒ€ ν•™μžμ˜ λ“±μž₯ 17 2.2. λŒ€ν•™λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 발ν₯κ³Ό λŒ€ν•™ μ—°κ·Ήλ°˜μ˜ μ„±μž₯ 32 3. 1960λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήμ˜ μ—­ν•  λͺ¨μƒ‰κ³Ό λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ήμ˜ 팽창 39 3.1. μ‹€ν—˜λ¬΄λŒ€μ˜ 좔ꡬ와 유럽 μ—°κ·Ήμ£Όμ˜ κ³΅μ—°μ˜ λ“±μž₯ 39 3.2. λ―Έκ΅­ ν˜„λŒ€κ·Ή 곡연을 ν†΅ν•œ ν˜„λŒ€μ  μƒν™œκ°κ°μ˜ ꡬ좕 53 4. κ΅°μ‚¬μ •κΆŒ μ•„λž˜ λŒ€ν•™κ·Ήμ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μΈμ‹κ³Ό λ¬Έν™”μš΄λ™μ˜ νƒœλ™ 69 4.1. λ²ˆμ—­κ·Ήμ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ  μ„±μ°°κ³Ό μ°½μž‘κ·Ήμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심 κ³ μ‘° 69 4.2. μ €ν•­ 민쑱주의의 μ˜ˆμˆ μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ „ν†΅μ—°ν¬μ˜ 발견 92 5. κ²°λ‘  112 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 115 뢀둝 118Maste

    The effects of store managers’ empowering leadership on contact employees’ cooperative behavior: The mediating role of team trust and the moderating role of team cynicism

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