65 research outputs found

    English zero anaphora as an interactional resource. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(3), 267-302

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค(speakers)์ด ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ(zeroanaphora)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ก€(practice)๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์  ๊ณผ์—…(interactional work)์„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ž€ ์ง€์นญ ์œ„์น˜(reerence position)๊ฐ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด, ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด, ์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด, ํƒœ๊ตญ์–ด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™”์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ (topic-prominent) ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ง€์นญ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€(referential norm)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋  ๋งŒํผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ํฐ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ง€์นญ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™ธํ˜„์ ์œผ๋กœ(overtly) ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„œ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "์ƒํ™ฉ์  ์ƒ๋žต(situational ellipsis)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ์ƒ๋žต์˜ ํ•ด์„์€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ(linguistic context)์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์–ธ์–ด์™ธ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ(extralinguistic context)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "Told you so"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ "I told you so" ๋˜๋Š” "We told you so"๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋žต๋œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ์ƒ๋žต์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ œ์ผ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๋žต, ์ฆ‰ ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜ธ์—์„œ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ์ง€์นญ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ƒ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์ผ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋žต์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ™”์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์นญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ˜•๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค

    Native speaker and nonnative speaker identities in repair practices of English conversation

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    Within the theoretical and methodological framework of Conversation Analysis, the present study explores the nature of the native speaker (NS) and nonnative speaker (NNS) identities in repair practices of English conversation. It has identified and analyzed in detail repair sequences in the data and has also conducted quantitative analyses in order to investigate the relationship between NS/NNS identities and repair practices. The results show that the categories of NS and NNS identities are social products that are invoked during and through the participants ongoing interaction. First of all, the participants did not invariably make their NS/NNS identities relevant to their repair work; specifically, more than half of the repair practices were irrelevant to these identities. Secondly, when the participants NS/NNS identities were made relevant to repair, both the NS and the NNS participants initiated repair in order to solve interactional problems that had resulted from the NNS participants insufficient linguistic abilities. The participants orientation to their NS/NNS identities was frequently triggered by the NNS participants repair-initiation while the NS participants invoked these linguistic identities only in a limited range of interactional environments. The findings of this study provide a further empirical basis for arguing the importance of an emic approach to NS-NNS interactions and the potential to learn new vocabulary through repair.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000031138/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000031138ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A076162DEPT_CD:707CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:bae&oh_2013_ns and nns identities in repair practices of english conversation.pdfDEPT_NM:์˜์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผCONFIRM:

    Relative effects of two types of input modification on efl reading comprehension : simplification versus elaboration ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ์˜์–ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต : ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”์™€ ์ƒ์„ธํ™”

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์˜์–ด์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ์˜ FOXP3 ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ๊น€์™„ํฌ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ์˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ˆํ›„์ธ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž FOXP3 (forkhead box P3)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆํ›„์ธ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ FOXP3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์กด์œจ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 62๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž FOXP3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆํ›„์ธ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ 22.6 %์—์„œ FOXP3 ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ข…์–‘์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ (P=0.025), ์—ผ์ฆ (P=0.043), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์งํ•™์ ์ธ ์•…์„ฑ๋„ (P<0.001)์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. FOXP3 ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด (Estrogen receptor-ฮฑ, Progesterone receptor)์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (P<0.001). ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ FOXP3์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋ฌด๋ณ‘์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ (Disease free survival)๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (P=0.029). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ FOXP3 ์Œ์„ฑ์ธ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์–‘์„ฑ ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์„ ์ข…์–‘์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, FOXP3 ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ณ‘์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5 1. ANIMALS 5 2. DATA COLLECTION 5 3. HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 6 4. IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY 6 5. EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DATA 9 6. FOLLOW-UP 12 7. STATISTICAL METHOD 12 III. RESULTS 13 IV. DISCUSSION 26 V. REFERENCES 31 VI. ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 38Maste

    ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฝฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ ๋†๋„์™€ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste

    The generative naming ability and its related variables in preschool children of Multicultural families

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    ์‘๊ธ‰๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„ ๊ฒฝ์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ด์šฉ ์‹œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 2009๋…„ 4์›”30์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„ 5์›” 30์ผ, 9์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ๊ฐœ Y๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์† ๋ณ‘์› ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋ณ‘๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์ž 50๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ฉด๋‹ด๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ธก์ • ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์€ SAS Windows version 8.02ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ 31๋ช…(62%), ์—ฌ์ž 19๋ช…(38%)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ น๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 51-60์„ธ๊ฐ€ 15๋ช…(30%), 41-50์„ธ 10๋ช…(20%), 61-70์„ธ๊ฐ€ 9๋ช…(18%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ ์กธ์ด์ƒ์ด 25๋ช…(50%), ๋Œ€ํ•™์กธ์—… ์ด์ƒ์ด 17๋ช…(34%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.2. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ด์šฉ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท ์€ 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 2.96์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ฃŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ โ€˜์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„โ€™๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  3.36์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ โ€˜์‘๊ธ‰๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…โ€™, โ€˜๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝโ€™ ํ‰๊ท  2.56์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ „์ฒด์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์—์„œ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท ์€ 3.22์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ โ€˜๋‹ด๋‹น๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์ฒ˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์‹œ๊ธฐโ€™๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  3.34์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ โ€˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋‹น์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…โ€™์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  3.04์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.4. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท ์€ 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 3.49์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ด ํ‰๊ท  4.02์ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„ ํ‰๊ท  4.01์ , ์ •์„œ์  ์•ˆ์œ„ ํ‰๊ท  3.49์ , ํ‡ด์›๊ต์œก์€ ํ‰๊ท  3.09์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Spearman correlation์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท  5์  ๋งŒ์  ์ค‘์— ํ‰๊ท  3.49์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ฃŒ, ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ „์ฒด์ง„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ •์„œ์  ์•ˆ์œ„, ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์€ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง„๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ „์ฒด์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ •์„œ์  ์•ˆ์œ„์—์„œ ์ •์„œ์  ์•ˆ์œ„๋Š” ํ‡ด์›๊ต์œก, ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„์—์„œ ํ‡ด์›๊ต์œก์€ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„์—์„œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<0.05).๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์„ ๊ฒฝ์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ˆ™๋ จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ด์šฉ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]This research examined the factors related to satisfaction of emergency service for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The participants of the study were 50 CVD patients who were admitted to via ER. Data collection was done from Apr. 30, 2009 to May 30, 2009, from Sept. 1 to Oct. 30 by interview using a structured questionnaires and the examination of medical records. The participants were admitted to a ward or ICU, after receiving emergency medical treatment at the ER of one university affiliated hospital in Seoul. The questionnaire included the questions on the general characteristics, past ER visits, and general nursing satisfaction. Data analysis was done using SAS Windows version 8.02 program. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Participants included 31 (62%) males and 19 (38%) females. Fifteen (30%) were 51.60 years of age, 10 (20%) were 41.50 years, and 61.70 years old were 9 (18%). Fifty percent graduated from high school and 17 participants had university degree. 2. The average satisfaction score was 2.96 (1.5 range) for overall medical treatment. The item with the highest satisfaction score on the initial treatment procedure was .nurse.s attitude to listen to the symptom. which was 3.36. The lowest score items were .the explanation on cost of emergency care. and .orientation to ER setting. which scored 2.56. The average score for overall ER service was 3.22. The item with the highest score was .the explanation on the diagnosis and treatment procedures by the nurse. (3.34), and the lowest item was .the physician.s explanation on the test results and treatment plan. (3.04). 3. The average satisfaction score of the nursing service at the ER was 3.49 (1.5). The item with the highest score was .providing information. (4.02) then .the expertise in technical skill. (4.01). The .emotional support. scored 3.49. 4. The results of correlational analysis show that technical skill had statistically significant relation with satisfaction at the initial treatment. Providing information showed significant with satisfaction at the initial treatment in ER, overall ER treatment, and the emotional support. Based on the results of this study, the overall satisfaction of ER service and the nursing service was significantly related to the information provision and expertise in technical skill among CVD patients who were hospitalized via ER. The overall score needs to be improved, but the items with the lowest scores were on discharge teaching which were not considered urgent for the patients who would be hospitalized. However, it is suggested that the ER nurses develop patient teaching protocols for CVD patients at ER to increase satisfaction of clients and continuing education to update necessary nursing skills.restrictio

    A review of ways of improving college English education program

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    This paper discusses diverse ways of improving college English education program based on previous studies. In particular, the discussion focuses on three issues: the goals of college English education program, the content of the program curriculum, and the implementation of the curriculum. The purpose of the paper is to assess the current state of Korean college English education, diagnose its problems and weaknesses, and suggest various measures for enhancing it. The importance of taking into special consideration the characteristics of the college and its students as well as the students own learning needs in designing any college English education program is underscored. Given that the curriculum of English education program is developed by each college rather than by the government, the information that this paper provides is expected to help colleges upgrade their English education program

    Corpus and English language education

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    Recently, the use of corpus has been very popular in almost all areas of language research, as a means of exploring the actual patterns of language use. The main goal of this paper is to show the possibilities of and advocate exploiting corpus for English language education. For this goal, it first provides a basic understanding of corpus by describing the types of corpus, issues in corpus design, and the use of a concordancing program in analyzing corpus. This is followed by the discussion of three different ways in which corpus can contribute to English language education. First, the content of English teaching can be improved by the more accurate and detailed description of the target language that is provided by corpus-based research. Secondly, corpus analysis itself can be adopted as a language teaching methodology, in which learners discover various facts about English by themselves. Finally, analysis of learner corpus can help us diagnose and solve the problems that the learners typically have

    ์ธ๊ฐ„ Bํ˜• ๊ฐ„์—ผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์˜ terminal protein domain์˜ ์ •์ œ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste
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