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    ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ปจํ…์ธ ์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์ธ์ง€๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ์ด์ค€ํ™˜.In light of the previous studies related to voice agents, there are little and limited discussions on the content which is delivered by the agents. If the discussions on voice agents only aim general interactions between the agents and humans, so-called small talks, this cannot be used as a formative aspect in designing services that will be put into voice agents. In this study, a Wizard of Oz experiment was conducted to see peoples idea of credibility in news contents related to the gender, which is the most intuitive aspect in voice agents, of the voice agents. A total of 45 students at the Seoul National University participated in this study. The results of this experiment suggest that depending on users gender, there was a difference in credibility score tendencies. Based on the findings from both experiments and semi-structured interviews, a mental model during the use of voice agents as informants will be discussed in this paper.์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ฆ‰, ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์Šค๋ชฐํ†ก์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์ด ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‰ด์Šค ์ปจํ…์ธ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ €๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํƒˆ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด 45 ๋ช…์˜ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค์ฆˆ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์Œ์„ฑ ์—์ด์ „ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ ๋‰ด์Šค ์†Œ๋น„ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review 7 Chapter 3. Experiment 15 Chapter 4. Semi-Structured Interview 24 Chapter 5. General Discussion 34 References 46 Appendix 51 Abstract (Korean) 54Maste

    ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์•ˆ๋•๊ทผ.The fourth industrial revolution and technological development have accelerated the digital transformation. With this advancement, cross-border trade is becoming simpler and faster. Electronic purchase, documentation, data storage, exchanges of data from customers to traders push forward the implementation of e-contracts. Especially since 2010, the digitalized trade ecosystem is being processed more widely. Perhaps, the unprecedented global pandemic and the environmental-friendly movement have brought the digital transformation faster in diverse fields including trade. Countries are concluding bilateral and multilateral digital partnership agreements to promote economic activities while ensuring the national economic security. Unfortunately, the regulatory gaps exist because legislation procedure has not kept up with the speed of the progress in technology. The adaptation of digitalization seems systematical and prompt as people and industries follow the trend. However, it has certainly brought vagueness and asked for a pioneering leader to set standards to the modification in industrial movement be legally valid to execute. The world is closer to one another more than ever. The global trade scale has increased drastically. According to the WTO survey, 4300% growth has been reached in international trade from 1950 to 2021. In order to facilitate the trade ecosystem, digital transformation is unavoidable. One of the changes would be implementing e-contracts that is better known as smart contracts. Considering beneficiaries that e-contracts have: cost and time reduction, simple documentation and customs clearance, and guaranteeing privity and security, it is more favourable to utilize them. With their advantageous features notwithstanding, the absence of typical protocol disturbs more widespread usage of e-contracts. In fact, there is no concrete norm to define e-contract worldwide. Perhaps it is because e-contracts contain not only technical concepts but various related legal issues such as contractual relationship practice and e-identity. As a result, e-contracts lift many concerns not only in contract law but also in multiple legal fields like financial law, electronic transaction law and data protection law. This is why it is worth reviewing legal concerns of e-contracts and profits from using them on behalf of existing contracts. This research will provide a general preview of the concept, legal conditions and effects of e-contracts. How e-contracts are used in a real trade ecosystem will also be introduced to show the validity of the study goal. Then, the review of blockchain technology on e-contracts will follow to explain the technical conditions and the structure of e-contracts. Finally, already existing domestic laws and partnership agreements will be reviewed to be able to make suggestions for policymakers and trade negotiators to update the current legal framework for e-contracts. Therefore, it is important to review from the current status of e-contracts from the definition and the cornerstone technology to the legal framework to suggest comprehensive digital partnership agreements in the digital trade era.4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜์—ญ์—์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. WTO ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, 1950๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2021๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์€ 4300%์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—ญ(Cross-border trade)์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๋”์šฑ ์•ž๋‹น๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—ญ์—…๋ฌด๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค(๊ตฌ๋งค, ์„œ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ €์žฅ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตํ™˜ ๋“ฑ)์€ '์ „์ž ๊ณ„์•ฝ(e-contract)'์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–‘์ž ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ํ˜‘์ •์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๊ธฐ์—” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ํ†ต๊ด€์ ˆ์ฐจ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”, ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„์‹œ์™€ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋“ฑ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋Š” ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์ž ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ „์ž ๊ณ„์•ฝ'์˜ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ด€ํ–‰, ์ „์ž์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ธˆ์œต๋ฒ•, ์ „์ž๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฒ•, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…, ๋ฒ•์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ๋ธ”๋ก์ฒด์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•œ๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ „์ž๊ณ„์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„ํ–‰๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.Chapter I. Introduction 1 1. Study Background 1 2. Purpose of Research 3 Chapter II. What is an E-contract 6 1. Definition of E-Contracts 6 2. Legal Characteristics of E-Contracts 8 3. Effects of Using E-Contracts 11 Chapter III. E-Contract issues and trends in trade 14 1. Current Status of E-Contracts in South Korea 14 2. E-Contract Usage in International Trade 19 Chapter IV. Blockchain and E-contracts 22 1. What is Blockchain Technology 22 2. Blockchain Application in Digital Trade 23 3. E-Contracts in Digital Trade 26 Chapter V. Legal Agreement Analysis 32 1. Comparisons of Bilateral Agreements 32 2. United States Legislation Status and Prospect 36 3. Europes Legislation Status and Prospect 38 4. South Koreas Legislation Status and Prospect 41 Chapter VI. Conclusion 43 Bibliography 47 Abstract in Korean (๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก) 51์„

    ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ ์ฐฉ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ฒด๊ฐ„๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์‹ ์ „๊ทผ์˜ ๊ทผํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ๋น„๊ต

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    ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์น˜๋ฃŒํ•™์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ 40๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Y ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜• ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ทผ(internal oblique muscle), ๋‹ค์—ด๊ทผ(multifidus), ๋Œ€๋‘”๊ทผ(gluteus maximus), ๋Œ€ํ‡ด์ด๋‘๊ทผ(biceps femoris)์˜ ๊ทผํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.Y ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ, ํ›„ ๋‚ด์ธก, ํ›„ ์™ธ์ธก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜• ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฐฉ, ํ›„ ๋‚ด์ธก๊ณผ ํ›„ ์™ธ์ธก์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋”ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธธ์ด์˜ 3๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์ „๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ Y ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ๊ทผ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•(reference voluntary contraction; RVC)์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” %RVC ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ์˜ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜• ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฒด๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์‹ ์ „๊ทผ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ t-๊ฒ€์ •(paired t-test)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Y ๊ท ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜• ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p0.05).๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์••๋ฐ•๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์  ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์šด๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฒด๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ ์‹ ์ „๊ทผ์˜ ๊ทผํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ณจ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์™ธ์  ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.ope

    ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ด‰์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๋™์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(๋‚˜๋…ธ์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต), 2021.8. ์ž์˜ค์‹ .Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been the focus of research as therapeutic agents because of their biological functions. The controlled release of NO and H2S can enhance NO-induced angiogenesis by H2S inhibiting PDE5A. Polymeric carriers have been researched to deliver gasotransmitters and used as therapeutic agents because of their important ability to help control the concentration of NO and H2S. Here, NO/H2S-releasing nanoparticles were self-assembled from carboxyl-functionalized mPEG-PLGH-thiobenzamide [(methoxy poly (ethylene glycol-b-lactic-co-glycolic-co-hydroxymethyl propionic acid)-thiobenzamide)], PTA copolymer and encapsulated diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA NONOate). The PTA copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR, and the PTA-NO nanoparticles (PTA-NO-NPs) were confirmed to have coreโ€“shell structures with a size of about 140 nm. The PTA-NO-NPs were demonstrated to be biocompatible with viabilities above 100% in various cell types, with a sustained NO and H2S releasing behavior over 72 h. Co-releasing NO and H2S accelerated tube formation by HUVECs compared to the only NO- or H2S-releasing groups in vitro. Also, PTA-NO-NPs performed enhanced angiogenesis compared to the control groups with statistically significant differences ex vivo. These results indicate the feasibility of medical applications through NO and H2S crosstalk.์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ PDE5A๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋” ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์นด๋ฅด๋ณต์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ™” ๋œ mPEG-PLGH-thiobenzamide [(methoxy poly (ethylene glycol-b-lactic-co-glycolic-co-hydroxymethyl propionic acid)-thiobenzamide)], PTA copolymer ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ฐ€์กฐ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA NONOate)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค. FT-IR๊ณผ 1H NMR๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด PTA ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, PTA-NO ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์•ฝ 140nm ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ core-shell ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. PTA-NO ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ 100% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด ์™ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๊ตฐ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PTA-NO ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ด‰์ง„๋œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐ ํ™ฉํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Results and Discussion 7 2.1 Characterization of mPEG-PLGH and mPEG-PLGH-thiobenzamide 7 2.2 Characterization of PTA-NO-NPs 8 2.3 Release measurement of NO and H2S 10 2.4 In vitro cytotoxicity of PTA-NO-NPs 14 2.5 Angiogenic potential of PTA-NO-NPs 20 Chapter 3. Experimental 25 3.1 Materials 25 3.2 Preparation of mPEG-PLGH copolymers (Carboxyl-functionalized mPEG-PLGA) 26 3.3 Preparation of mPEG-PLGH-thiobenzamide (PTA) copolymers 27 3.4 Preparation of PTA nanoparticles with DETA NONOate (PTA-NO-NPs) 28 3.5 Characterization of mPEG-PLGH and PTA copolymers 29 3.6 Characterization of size distribution and morphology of PTA-NO-NPs 29 3.7 Entrapment efficiency measurement of PTA-NO-NPs 30 3.8 NO release measurement 31 3.9 H2S release measurement 32 3.10 In vitro cytotoxicity measurement 33 3.11 Tube formation assay 34 3.12 Aortic ring assay 35 3.13 Statistical analysis 36 Chapter 4. Conclusions 37 References 38 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 45์„

    ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ ์ธก์ •: ํ˜ธํก ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์œค์ •ํฌ.์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ํ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์€ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ผ์ฒจํŒ ๋ฐ ํ๋™๋งฅ ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ ์†๋„ ์ธก์ •์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 1๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ธก์ •์€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‰๋ถ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ธก์ •์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” 10๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์˜ ์ „ ํก๊ธฐ, ์กฐ์˜ ์ „ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ, ์กฐ์˜ ํ›„ ํก๊ธฐ, ์กฐ์˜ ํ›„ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ‰๋ถ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ธ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํก๊ธฐ ์‹œ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต ์ดฌ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ํ‰๊ท  ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์กฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ ์กฐ์˜ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ 1์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํก๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„์— ํ‰๊ท  ํ์ •๋งฅ ๋Œ€ ํ๋™๋งฅ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (P 0.5, P 0.5, P < 0.05). No linear relationship was observed between the PV/PA values measured by pre- and post-contrast expiratory CT scans and by echocardiography. In conclusion, PV/PA could be measured by thoracic CT in a similar way to the echocardiography. PV/PA values measured in the inspiratory CT protocol were similar to the value measured by echocardiography regardless of the contrast injection. However, since PV/PA values measured in the expiratory CT protocol were different from the previously known values, the respiratory phase should be considered when evaluating the pulmonary vascular size through CT.1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and Methods 3 2-1. Animals 3 2-2. Computed tomographic examination 4 2-3. Echocardiographic examination 5 2-4. Computed tomographic and echocardiographic measurements of pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery 7 2-5. Statistical analysis 10 3. Results 12 4. Discussion 20 5. Conclusion 25 6. References 26 7. ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 33์„

    Cinnamon bark ๋“ฑ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  4์ข…, ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋†์—…์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 2. ๋ฐ•์ผ๊ถŒ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” cinnamon bark, cumin, lemongrass ๋ฐ wintergreen ์ •์œ , ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ๋‚˜๋ฌด์‹œ๋“ค์Œ๋ณ‘(Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae K.H. Kim, Y.J. Choi & H.D. Shin), ๋ชจ์ž˜๋ก๋ณ‘(Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kรผhn), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ๋‘์•”์ข…๋ณ‘(Agrobacterium tumefaciens Smith & Townsend)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, R. quercus-mongolicae์—์„œ๋Š” cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum verum)์™€ lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)๊ฐ€ 5 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ 100% ํ•ญ๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. R. solani์—์„œ๋Š” cinnamon bark๊ฐ€ 1.25 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ, lemongrass๊ฐ€ 2.5 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ 100% ํ•ญ๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. A. tumefaciens์—์„œ๋Š” wintergreen (Gaultheria fragrantissima), lemongrass, cinnamon bark ๋ฐ cumin (Cuminum cyminum)์ด 10 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2.20 ใŽ, 1.76 ใŽ, 1.50 ใŽ, 1.04 ใŽ์˜ ์ƒ์œก์ €์ง€ํ™˜(inhibition zone)์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, R. quercus-mongolicae์—์„œ๋Š” cinnamon bark, cumin ๋ฐ lemongrass์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 250 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 800 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 450 ใŽ/ใŽ– ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. R. solani์—์„œ๋Š” cinnamon bark, cumin ๋ฐ lemongrass์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 200 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 850 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 400 ใŽ/ใŽ– ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. A. tumefaciens์—์„œ๋Š” cinnamon bark, cumin ๋ฐ lemongrass์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 250 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 900 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 450 ใŽ/ใŽ– ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, R. quercus-mongolicae์—์„œ๋Š” salicylaldehyde๊ฐ€ 0.625 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„, eugenol ๋ฐ hydrocinnamaldehyde๊ฐ€ 2.5 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ 100% ํ•ญ๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. R. solani์—์„œ๋Š” trans-cinnamaldehyde๋Š” 0.3125 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„, neral๊ณผ hydrocinnamaldehyde์€ 1.25 ใŽ•/paper disc ๋†๋„์—์„œ 100% ํ•ญ๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. A. tumefaciens์—์„œ๋Š” salicylaldehyde, hydrocinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2.80 ใŽ, 2.26 ใŽ, 2.08 ใŽ, 1.92 ใŽ์˜ ์ƒ์œก์ €์ง€ํ™˜(inhibition zone)์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, R. quercus-mongolicae์—์„œ๋Š” neral, cuminaldehyde, geraniol, geranial, trans-cinnamaldehyde, trans-anethole, eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol ๋ฐ hydrocinnamaldehyde์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 400 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 250 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 450 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 400 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 150 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 850 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 350 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 400 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 300 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋†์•ฝ์ธ benomyl, propiconazole ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  tebuconazole์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12.5 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 12.5 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 6.25 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. R. solani์—์„œ๋Š” neral, cuminaldehyde, geraniol, geranial, trans-cinnamaldehyde, trans-anethole, eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol ๋ฐ hydrocinnamaldehyde์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 450 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 250 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 800 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 450 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 200 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 900 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 600 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 350 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 300 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋†์•ฝ์ธ benomyl, propiconazole, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  tebuconazole์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12.5 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 12.5 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 25 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. A. tumefaciens์—์„œ๋Š” neral, cuminaldehyde, geraniol, geranial, trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol ๋ฐ cinnamyl alcohol์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 400 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 800 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 450 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 400 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 200 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 650 ใŽ/ใŽ–, 350 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์ธ streptomycin sulfate salt์˜ MIC ๊ฐ’์€ 3.125 ใŽ/ใŽ–๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ •์œ ๋Š” cinnamon bark, lemongrass์ด๊ณ , ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋Š” neral, geranial ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  trans-cinnamaldehyde์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ cinnamon bark ๋ฐ lemongrass ์ •์œ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, cinnamon bark ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ trans-cinnamaldehyde๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๊ณ  lemongrass ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ neral, geranial์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ cinnamon bark ์ •์œ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์—๋Š” trans-cinnamaldehyde๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, lemongrass ์ •์œ ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์—๋Š” neral ๋ฐ geranial์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ geranial์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ , ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ trans-cinnamaldehyde ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  salicylaldehyde์„ ํ›ˆ์ฆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ A. tumefaciens์˜ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž(differentially expressed genes) ๋ฐ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ(Gene ontology)์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ hydroxyl radical(ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…, Reactive oxygen species)์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ ์ธ cinnamon bark์™€ lemongrass, ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ธ trans-cinnamaldehyde, neral, geranial, salicylaldehyde ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  hydrocinnamaldehyde๋ฅผ ํ›ˆ์ฆ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…์ด ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ , ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท  3์ข…์€ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ฉธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ 5 1. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 2. ํ•ญ๊ท ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘ 9 3. ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž 12 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 1. ๊ณต์‹œ๊ท ์ฃผ 13 2. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ๋ฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ 14 3. ์ •์œ  ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 17 4. ํ›ˆ์ฆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 18 4-1. ํ›ˆ์ฆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ์ง„๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 18 4-2. ํ›ˆ์ฆ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ์„ธ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 19 5. ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 19 5-1. ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ์ง„๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 19 5-2. ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘์ด‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ญ์„ธ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 20 6. ์ธ๊ณต ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ(artificial blends)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 21 7. RNA์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 22 7-1. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 23 7-2. ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์–ด์…ˆ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ(Reference assembly) 23 7-3. ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ 24 7-4. ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ 25 8. ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…(ROS) ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ฒ€์ • 26 8-1. ์ง„๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฒ€์ • 26 8-2. ์„ธ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฒ€์ • 27 9. ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ • 28 9-1. ์ง„๊ท  ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ • 28 9-2. ์„ธ๊ท  ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ • 29 10. ํ†ต๊ณ„ 30 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 31 1. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ (plant essential oil) 31 1-1. ํ›ˆ์ฆ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 31 1-2. ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 35 1-3. 4์ข…์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋™์ • 36 2. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ํ•ญ๊ท ํ™œ์„ฑ 41 2-1. ํ›ˆ์ฆ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 41 2-2. ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 48 3. ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํ•ญ๊ท ํ™œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 51 3-1. ํ›ˆ์ฆ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 51 3-2. ์ ‘์ด‰ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 58 4. RNA์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 62 4-1. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 62 4-2. ๋ ˆํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค ์–ด์…ˆ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ 64 4-3. ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž 66 4-4. ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž์ง‘๋‹จ 83 5. ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข…(ROS) ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 90 5-1. Confocal์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 90 5-2. Microplate reader๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ • 99 6. ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 100 6-1. Confocal์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด ๊ด€์ฐฐ 100 6-2. Microplate reader๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ • 109 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 110 1. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ 110 2. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋™์ • 112 3. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ํ•ญ๊ท ํ™œ์„ฑ 113 4. ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 117 5. ์‹๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ •์œ ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ท  ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘ 120 5-1. ์ •์œ  ์œ ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ trans-cinnamaldehyde ์œ ๋„์ฒด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ•ญ๊ท ํ™œ์„ฑ 120 5-2. trans-Cinnamaldehyde ๋ฐ salicylaldehyde์˜ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ฐœํ˜„์œ ์ „์ž 124 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  128 ์ธ์šฉ๋ฌธํ—Œ 130Maste

    Medical Care Utilization in Adults and in Chronic Disease Patients : Focusing on the Influence of Private Health Insurance

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑด์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ์–‘๋ด‰๋ฏผ.๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ณด์œ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ณด์œ  ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์—์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ์ค‘ ์‹ค์†ํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ด์šฉ์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์—์„œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ •์•กํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ์‹ค์†ํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์•กํ˜•๊ณผ ์‹ค์†ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์›์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ beta version 2_1 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 2012๋…„ 1๊ฐœ๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Andersen๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์†Œ์ธ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ, ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์•ก์„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ OLS ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ 4๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ Š๊ณ , ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋†’๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ž… ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์›์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜๋‚ฉ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์†ํ˜•, ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜•, ์ •์•กํ˜• ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •์•กํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜๋งŒ์ด ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜๋‚ฉ ๊ธˆ์•ก๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๊ณ  ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜๋งŒ์ด ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์•ฝ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต์  ๋ณดํ—˜๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณดํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ณด์œ ์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์ •์ฑ… 7 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์†ํ˜• ๋ณดํ—˜ 9 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฐ€์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 11 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ Andersen ๋ชจํ˜• 14 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 15 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์  15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค, ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ 22 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 22 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 33 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  42 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ 42 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  52 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 47 Abstract 50Maste

    Development of Image Analysis Algorithm for Automated Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2018. 8. ์ด์ •์ฐฌ.๋…๊ฐ์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ฝ”ยท๋ชฉ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์— ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์—ดยท๋‘ํ†ต ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…๊ฐ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” A, B, Cํ˜•์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ A, Bํ˜• ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ(๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ž, ๋…ธ์•ฝ์ž, ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ์ž…์›์œจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒˆ(avian), ๋ผ์ง€(swine), ์ธ๊ฐ„(human) ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์œ ์ „์ž ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ข…์˜ ์•„ํ˜•์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์ œ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…๊ฐ์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์›์ธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ œ ํˆฌ์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋…๊ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด๋ผ๋„ ์‘๊ธ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค€์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ด ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ํ‚คํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ์ด ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋…ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…๊ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ‚คํŠธ ์ž๋™ ํŒ๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‚ฐ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜์˜์‹ฌ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๊ฐ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž๋™ ํŒ๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ค์ง„์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋‚ด๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฐ€์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ญํ•™์ ยท์ƒ์ฒดํ•™์  ํŒ๋… ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™” ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‘์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…๊ฐ ์ž๋™ ํŒ๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์‘๊ธ‰๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค€์˜๋ฃŒ ์ธ์ด ๋…๊ฐ ์˜์‹ฌํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์† ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์—”์ž ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‚คํŠธ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋…๊ฐ ์˜์ƒ ํŒ๋… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํŽธ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…๊ฐ ์˜์ƒ ํŒ๋… ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋…๊ฐ ํŒ๋… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์† ๋…๊ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์„ผ์„œยท๋ฐ๊ธฐยท์ƒ‰์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ”ผ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”ผ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋กœ ์˜ค์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ณด์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ์ดฌ์˜๋œ ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ดฌ์˜๊ฐ๋„โ€คํ™”๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ง„๋œ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๊ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๋Œ€์‘๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 6 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋…๊ฐ ํ‚คํŠธ ์ž๋™ ํŒ๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ยทยทยท 7 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 7 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 21 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…๊ฐ ์ž๋™ ํŒ๋… ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 38 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 38 2. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 38 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 41 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 41 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 59 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ† ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 70 Abstract ยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยทยท 72Maste

    Candida albicans์˜ Ssn6์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Rpd31๊ณผ Rpd32์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ž‘์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2015. 2. ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์šฑ.Candida albicans๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นธ๋””๋‹ค์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ C. albicans์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์€ ๋‘ฅ๊ทผ ํšจ๋ชจ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ท ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. C. albicans์˜ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ, ํ”„๋กค๋ฆฐ, N-์•„์„ธํ‹ธ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์‚ฌ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํƒ„์†Œ ์˜์–‘์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ C. albicans์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. Ssn6๋Š” ํšจ๋ชจ์ธ Saccharomyce cerivisiae์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ „์‚ฌ ์–ต์ œ์ฒด๋กœ, Ssn6์˜ TPR ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ”„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์‚ฌ ์–ต์ œ์ฒด์ธ Tup1๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Ssn6๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ Tup1๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ์˜์–‘ ์ด์šฉ, ์‚ผํˆฌ์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ, ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์—ด, ๊ต๋ฏธ, ํฌ์ž ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ํšจ๋ชจ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Ssn6๋Š” C. albicans ๋‚ด์—๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšจ๋ชจ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Tup1๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ Ssn6๊ฐ€ Tup1๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ์‚ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด S. cerevisiae์—์„œ์˜ Ssn6-Tup1 ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ C. albicans์—์„œ์˜ Tup1 ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, C. albicans ๋‚ด์—์„œ Ssn6๊ฐ€ Tup1๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์‚ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Tandem affinity purification ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด C. albicans ๋‚ด์—์„œ Ssn6์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ histone deacetylase์ธ Rpd31์„ ๋™์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Rpd31์€ Tup1์ด ์—†๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ Sssn6์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ Rpd31 ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ C. albicans์˜ ๊ท ์‚ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Ssn6์™€ Rpd31 ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ท ์‚ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‹ ์žฅ ๊ณผ์ •์€ Ssn6-Rpd31์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด ์ค‘ ์ฃผ๋กœ Ssn6์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ท ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์  ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Ssn6์™€ Rpd31 ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด C. albicans์˜ ๊ท ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฅ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” Ume6๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ‹ด ํ•ญ์ฒด ์นจ์ „๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด Ssn6์™€ Rpd31๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์  ์‹ ์žฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ UME6 ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž์ธ INO1 ์œ ์ „์ž์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ Rpd31์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Ssn6๋Š” ์ „์‚ฌ ์–ต์ œ์ฒด๋‚˜ ์ „์‚ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ฒด ๋ชจ๋‘๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด Rpd31๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  ์œ ์ „์ž์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, Rpd31๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” Rpd32์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Rpd31์€ Ssn6๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด์—, Rpd32๋Š” Sin3๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์œ ์ „์ž๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜น์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ž‘์„ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ Rpd31์ด๋‚˜ Rpd32์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Sds3๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ Rpd31, Rpd32์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. INO1 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–ต์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Rpd31, Rpd32๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์‚ฌ ์–ต์ œ์ฒด๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ, Sds3๋Š” ๋‘ histone deacetylase ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, UME6 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Rpd31์ด ์ „์‚ฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ฒด๋กœ, Rpd32๊ฐ€ ์ „์‚ฌ ์–ต์ œ์ฒด๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” Sds3๋Š” Rpd31๊ณผ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Ssn6-Rpd31, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Sin3-Rpd32 ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ํ˜น์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์œ ์ „์ž ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ C. albicans๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.Candida albicans is one of the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens in humans. Its pathogenicity is directly linked to its ability to undergo a morphological transition from the yeast-form to filamentous hyphae. This morphological change is induced in response to a variety of environmental signals such as serum, proline, N-acetylglucosamine, and different carbon sources. From signal induction to morphological transition, there are complex networks of signal transduction pathways. Ssn6 is known as a general transcriptional repressor, which exists as a complex with the transcriptional repressor Tup1 through its TPR motifs and regulates the genes of many cellular processes including nutrient utilization, osmotic stress, meiosis, mating, and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In C. albicans, Ssn6 also functions as a complex with Tup1, which is a distinct repressor for morphogenesis. However, our previous data revealed that Ssn6 is a critical factor for filamentous growth and virulence independently of Tup1. Despite many studies focusing on the Ssn6-Tup1 complex in S. cerevisiae and Tup1 in C. albicans, there was not much in-depth understanding of how Ssn6 can regulate the morphological transition and virulence of C. albicans in Tup1-independent manner has not been well understood yet. Therefore, the interaction partner of Ssn6 through tandem affinity purification (TAP) was screened and histone deacetylase Rpd31 was identified as a partner interacting with Ssn6 in Tup1-independent manner in this study. The morphological and transcriptional analyses revealed that Rpd31 is one of the critical factors regulating for morphogenesis and virulence as Ssn6 in C. albicans. It was also found that deletion of SSN6 and RPD31 induced the development of elongated filaments, but caused to be defective in filament extension. Surprisingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays of Ssn6 and Rpd31 showed different patterns of enrichment at the promoter of metabolic gene INO1 and hyphal extension gene UME6. These results suggest that Ssn6 has dual functions as a repressor and/or an activator depends on its target genes and participation of Rpd31 for regulation, which is the critical point determining the roles of Ssn6. Furthermore, the paralogue of Rpd31 and Rpd32 were also investigated for the regulation of filament-development in C. albicans. Rather than that assemble in one complex, Rpd31 and Rpd32 are associated into the different complex, respectively to Ssn6 or Sin3. Two different complexes would regulate the same genes competitively or cooperatively depending on intracellular condition or their target genes. Interestingly, Sds3, which homologue is the component of Rpd3L complex in S. cerevisiae, is partially involved in this differential regulation. In the repression of genes such as INO1 cooperatively by Rpd31 and Rpd32, Sds3 was synchronized with the regulatory actions of Rpd31 and Rpd32. However, in the opposite regulation of genes such as UME6 by Rpd31 and Rpd32, Sds3 was associated only with the active regulation by Rpd31 but not with repressive regulation by Rpd32. This complicated regulatory system might contribute the flexible pathogenicity of C. albicans.ABSTRACT i CONTENTS iii List of Tables vii List of Figures viii List of Abbreviations xi I. INTRODUCTION 1 1. Morphogenesis in Candida albicans 2 1.1. Factors involved in morphogenesis of C. albicans 2 1.1.1. Environmental cues inducing hyphal growth 2 1.1.2. Signal transduction pathways 3 1.1.2.1. MAPK cascade 3 1.1.2.2. cAMP-PKA pathway 3 1.1.3. Response to the environmental pH 7 1.1.4. Repressors related to hyphal growth 8 1.1.4.1. TUP1 8 1.1.4.2. SSN6 8 1.1.5. UME6 9 1.2. Factors related to virulence in C. albicans 10 1.2.1. Adhesins 10 1.2.1.1. ALS family 10 1.2.1.2. HWP1 11 1.2.1.3. Integrin-like protein, Int1 11 2. Identification of protein complex using mass spectrometry 12 2.1. Mass identification 12 2.2. Tandem affinity purification 13 3. Histone deacetylase 14 3.1. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in yeast 14 3.1.1. RPD3 16 3.1.2. SIR2 16 3.1.3. SIN3 17 3.1.4. SDS3 17 3.2. Interaction between HDACs and Ssn6-Tup1 complex in S. cerevisiae 18 3.3. Rpd3 L- and Rpd3 S- complex 18 4. Aims of this study 19 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 1. Strains and culture conditions 22 1.1. C. albicans strains and culture conditions 22 1.2. Bacterial strains and culture conditions 22 2. General genetic manipulation methods 26 2.1. Plasmids used in this study 26 2.2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 26 2.3. Sequencing of cloned vectors 26 2.4. Transformation of C. albicans by LiAc 29 2.5. Southern blot analysis 29 2.6. Northern blot analysis 30 2.7. Western blot analysis 30 2.8. Real-time RT-PCR 31 3. Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) 31 3.1. Strategy for Tagging Ssn6p with TAP tag 31 3.1.1. Tagging HPM TAP tag 31 3.1.2. Tagging CPP TAP tag 34 3.2. TAP purification 35 3.2.1. Purification of HPM TAP tag 35 3.2.2. Purification of CPP TAP tag 35 4. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and database search 36 5. Gene disruption and overexpression in C. albicans 36 5.1. Disruption of RPD31 in C. albicans 37 5.2. Reintegration of RPD31 in C. albicans 38 5.3. Disruption of SSN6 in rpd31 mutant in C. albicans 38 5.4 Disruption of RPD32 in C. albicans 39 5.5 Disruption of rpd31 rpd32 in C. albicans 39 5.6. Disruption of SDS3 in C. albicans 40 5.7. Overexpression of RPD31 in C. albicans 40 5.8. Overexpression of SSN6 in C. albicans 41 6. Assays used in this study 41 6.1. Assay for the activity of histone deacetylase in C. albicans 41 6.2. Virulence test 42 6.3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) 42 III. RESULTS 44 1. Identification of Ssn6-interacting proteins through TAP method in C. albicans 45 1.1. Construction a strain of bipartite-TAP tagged in the SSN6 locus 45 1.2. Purification and identification of Ssn6 complex 45 2. Characterization of RPD31 deletion mutant in C. albicans 49 3. Characterization of SSN6 and RPD31 deletion mutant in C. albicans 54 3.1. SSN6 and RPD31 deletion mutant at elevated temperature 54 3.2. SSN6 and RPD31 deletion mutant in filament-inducing conditions 61 4. The requirement of Ssn6 and Rpd31 for the induction of filamentous extension in C. albicans 63 5. Functional relationship between Rpd31 and Rpd32 in C. albicans 68 5.1. Another regulator for filament-development corresponding with Rpd31 68 5.2. Phenotypic aspects of RPD31 and RPD32 deletion mutants 76 5.3. Identification of proteins interacting with Rpd32 82 5.4. Characterization of SDS3 deletion mutant in relation to Rpd31 and Rpd32 86 5.5. The regulation of metabolic gene INO1 in relation to Rpd31 and Rpd32 87 IV. DISCUSSION 94 V. REFERENCES 104 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 121 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 124Docto

    ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2013. 8. ์ด์Šน์ข….์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 1995๋…„์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ž์น˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ€๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์€ ์ ์ฐจ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์—†์ด ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ž์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋œ ์ด์ต์„ ์ง€์—ญ์— ํ™˜์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค., ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œ ํ˜•, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—… ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด 2013๋…„ 5์›” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ๊ด€์•…๊ตฌ์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ T-๊ฒ€์ •, F-๊ฒ€์ •, ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. T-๊ฒ€์ •, F-๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์š•๊ตฌ์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ๊ฐ, ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ, ์†Œ์†๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜์‹, ์ •์„œ์  ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์˜์‹์ด ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์˜ ํ•˜์œ„๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์š•๊ตฌ์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ์š•๊ตฌ์˜ ์ถฉ์กฑ๊ฐ์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜์‹์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์„œ์  ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ •์„œ์  ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ, ๋งˆ์„๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์› ๋“ฑ ๋งˆ์„๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋งˆ์„๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„๊ธฐ์—…์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.In Korea, with the election of local heads of governments and local councils in 1995, local self-government began in earnest in Korea. However, actual citizen participation and citizen autonomy at the community level have not yet been realized. In fact, citizens local sense of community has been waning due to rapid social change. As it is difficult for local problems affecting the daily lives of citizens to be solved by the government without citizen participation and cooperation, they are becoming more numerous. Local sense of community can play a role in alleviating this predicament by helping citizens to recognize and resolve local problems cooperatively. Accordingly, creating and strengthening local sense of community can provide a foothold toward actual citizen autonomy for local citizens. This paper proposes to examine the influence of participation in community business on local sense of community. As an undertaking of citizens to solve local problems by themselves, where profits created are reverted back into the community, community business can be an effective measure for invigorating local sense of community. In order to examine the influence of participation in community business on local sense of community, the following hypotheses are verified. First, participation in community business has a meaningful influence on creating local sense of community. Second, local sense of community differs across several categories of participation in community business, which are defined as type of participation, level of participation, duration of participation and the number of businesses involved. This research employed a T-Test, an F-Test and a multiple regression analysis of a survey carried out in May 2013 on the local residents and participants in community business of Gwanakgu, Seoul. Results showed that local sense of community differed between participants and non-participants in community business. Across indicators of local sense of community, including sense of fulfillment of needs, sense of solidarity, sense of belonging and influence, sense of emotional connection, it was found that the average value for local sense of community was higher among participants in community business. Moreover, within the multiple regression analysis as well, participation in community business was found to possess a marked influence on creating local sense of community. Looking at community business participants to analyze local sense of community, it was revealed that level of participation held a statistically significant influence on local sense of community. As well, an investigation of local sense of community according to individual indicators revealed the following. Participation in community business did not act as an independent variable influencing sense of fulfillment of needs. Level of participation and duration of participation each had a statistically significantly influence on sense of solidarity, sense of belonging and influence. Finally, level of participation had a statistically significant impact on sense of emotional connection. The results of this research confirm that community business may act as a measure for invigorating local sense of community. The current government administration is actively engaged in building village community, stimulating and supporting community businesses. By stipulating that participation in community business influences the creation of local sense of community, this paper reveals the implications and desirability of such policies for invigorating village communities.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1. ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 2. ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 6 1. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค 6 2. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ 11 3. ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹ 22 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  25 1. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 2. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 29 3. ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 32 4. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 36 5. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 39 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 42 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 46 1. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 46 2. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 47 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 47 4. ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 51 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 52 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 52 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 52 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 52 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 53 1. ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 53 2. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 57 3. ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹ 59 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 64 1. ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 64 2. ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 65 3. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 70 4. ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์™€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 83 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  99 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 99 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 100 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 101Maste
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