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    ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๊ธˆํ˜„์„ญ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธํ›„๋ณด์žฅํŒจ๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ 5์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2013๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘)์™€ 6์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2015๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘)์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์‹œํ–‰ ์‹œ์ ์ธ 2014๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ 65์„ธ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” 1949๋…„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ƒ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์˜ˆ์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ 1950๋…„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œ๋“ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์„  ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ›„ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„, ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„, ๊ต์œก๋ณด์œก๋น„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์‹๋น„, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋น„ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋น„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์‹๋น„, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋น„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„, ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„, ๊ต์œก๋ณด์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋„์ž…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ์น˜์žฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์‹๋น„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ง€์ถœ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ์ „์ฒด์— ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์†Œ๋“ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์›” 10~20๋งŒ์›์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“๊ณผ ์ ์ • ๋…ธํ›„์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ, ์‹๋น„, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„, ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋น„, ๊ต์œก๋ณด์œก๋น„, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์  ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ์ • ๋…ธํ›„์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„, ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ค์ œ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์€ 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“, ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์™ธ์— ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“ ์™ธ ๋ฏธ์ทจ์—…์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋น„๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœํ™œ๋™์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„๋Š” ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ์ž๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ „์„ธ, ์›”์„ธ ์ฃผํƒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์šธ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“, ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์†Œ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“, ์ ์ •์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ์งธ, ๊ตํ†ตํ†ต์‹ ๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“, ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ค‘์†Œ์ง€์—ญ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿ์งธ, ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋Š” ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„ํ™‰์งธ, ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“, ์ ์ • ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋…๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€, ๋™๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์œ ํ˜•์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ง€์ถœ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ๊ต์œก๋ณด์œก๋น„๋Š” 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“ ์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์€ 10๋ถ„์œ„ ์†Œ๋“ ์™ธ์— ๊ณต์ ์ด์ „์†Œ๋“, ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜, ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฌธํ™”๋น„ ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋ณต๋น„ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋„์ž…์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์‹œ์  ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ 6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ™” ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฏธ๋น„๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€, ์†Œ๋“ ๊ณต์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  4 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 4 1. ๊ณต์ ๋…ธํ›„์†Œ๋“๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ(๋…ธ๋ น)์—ฐ๊ธˆ 10 2. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ 10 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  14 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ(๋…ธ๋ น)์—ฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 14 2. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 25 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ค์ • 25 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 25 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์„ค์ • 27 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 36 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 36 1. ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 36 2. ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ 38 3. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 39 4. ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 42 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 43 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 43 1. ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 43 2. ์†Œ๋“๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 53 3. ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์•ก์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 58 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 61 1. ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 61 2. ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 64 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  72 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 72 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 75 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 75 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 76 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 79 ๋ถ€๋ก : ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์ด์ „์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 84 Abstract 86Maste

    ์ดˆ์Œ์† ์—ฐ์†Œ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ๋™์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2004.Maste

    Developing and Implementing Vocational High School Programs to Enhance Key Competencies Needed for the Workforce

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๊ต์œก์  ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.Key competencies refer to the capabilities that everyone should be equipped with in maintaining employment and can be fulfilled through general education to some degree. However, in Korea it has been pointed out that our general education system is ineffective in terms of obtaining practical capabilities related to our jobs, as it depends heavily on memorization. The purpose of this research was to analyze the status of the key competencies of vocational high school students who have received general education and to facilitate the key competencies through vocational high school. This research analyzed the concept and scope of the key competencies and examined the related literatures and materials to determine its level. In order to evaluate the educational status and requirement concerning key competencies in the vocational high school, the contents of the required textbooks were analyzed by teachers and a questionnaire survey toward the teachers of the vocational high school was conducted as well. Based on the result of this analysis, a program regarding human relationships and organizational skills among key competencies was developed by professionals. Additionally, educational method for the other areas were provided. In particular, a professionals' conference was held and diverse opinions were accommodated with visits to vocational high schools in order to enhance the validity of the direction and results of this research . Key competencies refer to the capabilities that everyone should be equipped with in maintaining employment and can be fulfilled through general education to some degree. However, in Korea it has been pointed out that our general education system is ineffective in terms of obtaining practical capabilities related to our jobs, as it depends heavily on memorization. The purpose of this research was to analyze the status of the key competencies of vocational high school students who have received general education and to facilitate the key competencies through vocational high school. This research analyzed the concept and scope of the key competencies and examined the related literatures and materials to determine its level. In order to evaluate the educational status and requirement concerning key competencies in the vocational high school, the contents of the required textbooks were analyzed by teachers and a questionnaire survey toward the teachers of the vocational high school was conducted as well. Based on the result of this analysis, a program regarding human relationships and organizational skills among key competencies was developed by professionals. Additionally, educational method for the other areas were provided. In particular, a professionals' conference was held and diverse opinions were accommodated with visits to vocational high schools in order to enhance the validity of the direction and results of this research.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 10 โ…ก. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 11 1. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 11 2. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜์—ญ 14 3. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 45 โ…ข. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… 71 1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 71 2. ์˜๊ตญ 84 3. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ 94 4. ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ 105 5. ํ•œ๊ตญ 112 6. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  119 โ…ฃ. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ 125 1. ์ œ7์ฐจ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ 125 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ „๊ณต ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋ถ„์„ 138 โ…ค. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ 195 1. ์‘๋‹ต์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์‚ฌํ•ญ 195 2. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์‹คํƒœ ๋ถ„์„ 196 3. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์š”๊ตฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 222 โ…ฅ. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 237 1. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ง€์นจ 237 2. ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 240 3. ์กฐ์ง์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 250 4. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 257 โ…ฆ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 267 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  267 2. ์ œ์–ธ 269 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 273 ABSTRACT 281 ๋ถ€๋ก. ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 28

    Biological monitoring of workers coexposed to xylene and ethyl benzene

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    ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ๊ณผ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ๋™์‹œํญ๋กœ์‹œ์— ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ์š”์ค‘ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๋ชจ ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ์˜ ๋„์žฅ ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ๊ณผ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์šฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž 44๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํญ๋กœ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ ๋ฐ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šคํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ†  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ๊ณ ์†์•ก์ฒดํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ†  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ๊ณผ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ํญ๋กœ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 24.6 ppm๊ณผ 7.3 ppm์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ข…๋ฃŒํ›„์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.66๊ณผ 0.13 g/g creatinine์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ค‘ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ข…๋ฃŒํ›„์™€ ๋‹ค์Œ๋‚  ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ „์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋†๋„๋Š” 0.11 g/g creatinine๊ณผ 0.06 g/g creatinine์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋†๋„์™€ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„(r=0.698, p<0.001)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์š”์ค‘ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋†๋„์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„(r=0.511, p<0.001)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ๊ณผ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ „, ์˜คํ›„ ๋ฐ ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ํญ๋กœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ํญ๋กœ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํ›„ ์ž‘์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋กœ ๋†๋„์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„(r=0.700, p<0.001) ์ˆ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ํญ๋กœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์š”์ค‘ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์  ์˜ ์ผ ํ‰๊ท  ํญ๋กœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(r=0.511, p<0.001). ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ํฌ์‹ค๋ Œ 100 ppm์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ค‘ ๋ฉ”ํ‹ธ๋งˆ๋‡จ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” 1.99 g/g creatinine์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ค‘ ์—ํ‹ธ๋ฒค์   ๋†๋„ 100 ppm์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ค‘ ๋งŒ๋ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†๋„๋Š” 0.64 g/g creatinine์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค [์˜๋ฌธ] In this study, the concentrations of urinary methylhippuric acid and mandelic acid were measured in 44 workers to evaluate the availability of biological monitoring indices for xylene and ethyl benzene. The levels of xylene and ethyl benzene in air and their metabolites are analyzed by gas chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results are followed as; Concentrations of xylene and ethyl benzene for time-weighted average were 24.6 and 7.3 ppm. Urinary methylhippuric acid and mandelic acid at end of shift and next morning were 0.66, 0.13 g/g creatinine and 0.11, 0.06 g/g creatinine, respectively. Good correlations were observed between urinary methylhippuric acid and exposure of xylene(r=0.698 p<0.001) and urinary mandelic acid and exposure of ethyl benzene(r=0.511 p<0.001). In this results, urinary methylhippuric acid and mandelic acid might be possible biological monitoring indices for xylene and ethy benzene. The 1.99 g/g creatinine of methylhippuric acid corresponded to 100 ppm of xylene and 0.64 g/g creatinine of mandelic acid corresponded to 100 ppm of ethyl benzene. Urinary methylhippuric acid were correlated with exposure of xylene at 13-17 hours(r=0.700, p<0.001) than to whole of shift, but urinary mandelic acid were correlated with exposure of ethyl benzene at whole shift(r=0.511, p<0.001).restrictio

    A Study on the alternatives of reform system on graduate school education

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    A Comprehensive Study of Vocational Education Curriculum

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    ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. โ‘ด ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. โ‘ต ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. โ‘ถ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ, ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต๊ธ‰๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.This study has been conducted to comprehensively examine the curriculums of vocational schools, including vocational high schools and junior colleges and the training criteria of vocational training organizations, such as polytechnic colleges in order to grasp the actual conditions of vocational education and training criteria, and to take measures to solve the problems raised under those conditions. This research employed the following methods: relevant literature and data were analyzed to obtain an overall view of vocational education; personnel and teachers from vocational high schools and junior colleges were interviewed in order to examine vocational education in terms of its operation and its problems; and expert meetings were held to determine the direction of this study and explore ways to improve the operation of vocational education curriculums. To examine vocational education, this paper first outlines the foundation of vocational education, the concept and features of vocational curriculums, as well as information concerned with vocational training criteria. Second, the section on changes in vocational education describes the establishment of vocational training criteria, vocational training criteria based on the Basic Vocational Training Act, criteria with the introduction of employment insurance, and the current criteria of vocational ability development training in the order of the historical changes in vocational training. Third, the vocational education model section examines, first, various models like Kaufman & English's, Kenneke's and Lee Moo-geun's models, all of which focus on the need analysis and job analysis. Then, it takes a look at SCID (Systematic Curriculum and Instructional Development), CBE (Competency Based Education) and Front-End Analysis models, which take a systematic approach. Fourth, the paper classifies methods in vocational education development into development through job analysis, DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) and Competency Based Education, and presents methods and procedures for each development in detail. Fifth, for the operation of vocational curriculums, it examines the operation status of curriculums in vocational high schools as well as the attributes, goals, formations, unit allotments, organization and operation guidelines of the 7th education curriculum and "Dual System" curriculum of technical high schools. It also examines the features and management conditions of independent high schools, specialized high schools, and comprehensive high schools, and overviews the curriculums of junior colleges, and the features and trends in customized curriculums and articulation programs. Sixth, the criteria of vocational training are taken into consideration in terms of the current occupational standards system, and operation and development system of vocational training criteria. Seventh, with teaching and learning-related matters being interpreted as vocational education in a broad sense, it outlines the development of vocational curriculums according to their characteristics: for example, concept and selection of teaching goals; concept, selection, and structure of learning contents; and selection and development of teaching/learning methods and materials. Eighth, it evaluates vocational curriculums categorized broadly into assessments of vocational education, vocational curriculum assessment and teaching assessment, and examines the definition, goals, methods, and procedures of each assessment. Ninth, it outlines the introduction, transition, and operation of vocational curriculums and national technical qualifications, and also looks at the relationship between vocational education and the system of national technical qualifications. Finally, for the improvement of vocational curriculums, this paper presents measures to approach the academic foundation of vocational curriculums, to improve the development of vocational curriculums (the development of liberal vocational curriculums for primary schools and junior high schools, and the development of curriculums for vocational high schools and junior colleges), and to apply curriculums (the linkage between school curriculums, criteria of vocational training and the national technical qualification system, and the methods and procedures of developing and improving vocational curriculums).์š” ์•ฝ ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ 3 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 5 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 6 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง์—… 7 1. ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 7 2. ์ง์—…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 10 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  14 1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์˜ 14 2. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉ์  16 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ(Vocational Training)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 20 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ง์—… ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 23 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 37 1. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 37 2. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 41 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์œ ํ˜• 48 1. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ •์˜ 48 2. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์œ ํ˜• 56 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ 71 1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 71 2. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 74 3. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€ 81 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ดˆใ†์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ต์–‘ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ณ€์ฒœ 85 1. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 85 2. ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์‹ค์—…ใ†๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 92 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 99 1. ๊ต๊ณผ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •(1945-1963) 99 2. ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ค‘์‹ฌ(์ƒํ™œ์ค‘์‹ฌ) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •(1963-1971) 100 3. ์ง๋ฌด์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •(1972-1981) 102 4. ์ง์—…๊ตฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ(์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ต์œก) ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •(1982-1992) 104 5. ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •(1992-ํ˜„์žฌ) 106 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 108 1. ์ดˆ๊ธ‰๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 108 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ ๋“ฑ์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 110 3. ์‹ค์—…์ „๋ฌธํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 113 4. ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 114 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 116 1. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ œ์ • 116 2. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€ 117 3. ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋„์ž…์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€ 119 4. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ฒด์ œ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 121 ์ œ5์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๋ชจํ˜• ์ œ1์ ˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• 125 1. Kaufman๊ณผ English์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• 125 2. Kenneke์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• 126 3. ์ด๋ฌด๊ทผ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• 127 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ฒด์ œ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜• 131 1. SCID ๋ชจํ˜• 131 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ชจํ˜• 134 3. Front-End Analysis 140 ์ œ6์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 141 1. ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  141 2. ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 149 3. ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 152 4. ์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„์„์˜ ์‹ค์ œ 159 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฐ์ด์ปด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 171 1. ๋ฐ์ด์ปด ์ž‘์—… ์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 171 2. ๋ฐ์ด์ปด ์ž‘์—… 181 3. ๋ฐ์ด์ปด ๊ฒ€์ฆ 193 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 197 1. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจํ˜• 197 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 199 ์ œ7์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ 211 1. ์ œ7์ฐจ ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ 211 2. ๊ณต์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ตใ€Œ2ใ†1์ฒด์ œใ€์˜ ์šด์˜ 215 3. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ž์œจ์šด์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์šด์˜ 219 4. ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์šด์˜ 223 5. ํ†ตํ•ฉํ˜• ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ์šด์˜ 227 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ 232 1. ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 232 2. ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์‹ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 234 3. ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 238 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์šด์˜ 243 1. ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฒด์ œ 243 2. ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์šด์˜ 246 3. ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ฒด์ œ 246 ์ œ8์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ˆ˜์—…๋ชฉํ‘œ 249 1. ์ˆ˜์—…๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 250 2. ์ˆ˜์—…๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์ง„์ˆ  252 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ 260 1. ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 260 2. ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์„ ์ • 264 3. ํ•™์Šต๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์กฐ์ง 270 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ต์ˆ˜ใ†ํ•™์Šต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ 278 1. ๊ต์ˆ˜ใ†ํ•™์Šต๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 278 2. ๊ต์ˆ˜ใ†ํ•™์Šต ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 294 ์ œ9์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 305 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ํ‰๊ฐ€ 306 1. ๊ต์œกํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 306 2. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 310 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€ 313 1. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 313 2. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 317 3. Masri์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ค€๊ฑฐ 320 4. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ 322 5. ์ˆ˜์—…ํ‰๊ฐ€ 324 6. ๊ณผ์ •ํ‰๊ฐ€ 335 ์ œ10์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์ œ๋„ ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ 337 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋„์ž… 337 2. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 339 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜ 341 1. ์šด์˜์ฒด๊ณ„ 341 2. ๊ฒ€์ •์ฒด๊ณ„ 344 3. ์ž๊ฒฉ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ข…๋ชฉ 345 4. ๊ฒ€์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 350 5. ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ต์œก 353 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„ 356 1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ 356 2. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ์ด์ˆ˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 357 ์ œ11์žฅ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 359 1. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ 359 2. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 360 3. ์ผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 361 4. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 362 5. ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 363 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 364 1. ์ดˆใ†์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ต์–‘์  ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 364 2. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 365 3. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  369 4. ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 370 5. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ 371 6. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 372 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ ์šฉ 377 1. ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ 377 2. ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜ 378 3. ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ ์šฉ 379 SUMMARY 383 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 38

    Publication of Centennial Years History in Vocational Education & Training

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    ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ 1็ทจ ์ด๋ก  1 2็ทจ ๋†์—…๊ต์œก 97 3็ทจ ๊ณต์—…๊ต์œก 301 4็ทจ ์ƒ์—…๊ต์œก 497 5็ทจ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐยทํ•ด์–‘๊ต์œก 667 6็ทจ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌยท์‹ค์—…๊ต์œก 791 7็ทจ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ 881 8็ทจ ์‹ค์—…ยท๊ฐ€์ •๊ต์œก 1015 8-1. ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 1017 8-2. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 1081 8-3. ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 1139 8-4. ์‹ค์—…๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 1269 ๋ถ€๋ก 1. ์—ฐํ‘œ 1265 ๋ถ€๋ก 2. ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๋‹ด๋‹น ์ง์ œ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 128

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ชจํ˜•, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋””์ž์ธ ์ง์ข…์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์‹ค์—…๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.1. Overview In the past, korean vocational education for simple and multi-skilled workers focused on skills mastering. By 2000, the focus shifted to competency based education โ€œwhat to do, how to doโ€ issues. The objectives of this study are to review the concept of competency based curriculum and examples from institutions abroad that confirm its relevance, to establish related curriculum models and strategies, and to develop the competency based curriculum for vocational high schools and junior colleges through proper procedures and methods. This study analyzed domestic and foreign material, including Job Analyese of Advertisement and Interior Designer conducted by KRIVET in 1998, Graphic Communications among the Occupational Competency Analysis Profile developed by Ohio State University's Center on Education and Training for Employment, Art and Design occupation sector study from the General National Vocational Qualifications of UK, and data from the National Competency Standard of Australia. Curriculum contents were created by advertisement and interior designers according to development procedures and methods established by the workshop activity. The first draft was reviewed by a committee of professionals and examined in two vocational high schools and junior colleges. The results were referred to for feedback. 2. Competency based Curriculum Development The premises and models of competency based curriculum are: โ’œ curriculum development models are to reflect vocational education characteristics mainly in as simplified form as possible for vocational high school and junior college teachers' ease of access. โ’ curriculum development models are to be composed of the 5 steps of analysis, planning, development, application and evaluation, based on Norton's SCID, and systematic approach models. โ’ž While basic vocational competencies shall be core in the curriculum, they should be included in a module needed for job performance rather than as a separate curriculum. โ’Ÿ Competency based curriculum is to be developed as a systematic and effective module which may suggest learning contents and method simultaneously to obtain job performance ability free from knowledge oriented-curriculum. โ’  According to the level of education, vocational high schools and junior colleges can be articulated or operated independently by competency based curriculum. Competency based curriculum development procedures and methods are to consist of internal and external environment analysis, learners' demand analysis, basic competencies analysis, knowledgeยทskillsยทattitude analysis, learning objectives and contents, and module composition, profile and operation planning. 3. Advertisement and Interior Design Curriculum Curriculum for Advertisement and Interior Design is created according to competency based curriculum model development procedures and methods. The final advertisement design modules include 19 items: orientation, competitor data analysis, market data analysis, problem finding and solution, media application planning, creative concept sampling, message composition, image conception, idea creation, production preparation, photographing production, illustration and CG production, graphic S/W production artwork, presentation preparation, explanation and persuasion, final script modification and completion, delivery management, exact calculation management, and advertisement effect evaluation. The final interior design modules include 10 items: CAD, 2D, and 3D work, space analysis and conception, marketing data analysis, budget management, process control and problem solving, presentation preparation and method, idea conception and expression, space modeling and coordination, blueprint production and understanding, supervision and repair. Each module's profile is composed of module outline, learning objectives, introduction of previous study modules, study resources referring and linking study resources, equipment and material, study activities according to each step, and evaluation. 4. Competency based Curriculum Application Measures Competency based curriculum application measures are: First, the module profile which is the final output of this competency based curriculum includes most elements of basic vocational competencies, but some of the contents are missing or insufficient. Therefore extra study material and time are necessary to complement. Second, vocational high school curriculum must be operated by the 7th National Curriculum. Therefore it is difficult for vocational high schools to apply competency based curriculum module systems and module profiles. But only applying modules for necessary subjects or module application when a school chooses certain subjects is recommended. In other words, for cultural subjects, it is preferable to apply current or 7th National Curriculum and for technical subjects it is preferable to apply the module systems and profiles. Also, connection with current or 7th National Curriculum is available and for the sake of administrative convenience, establishing units (credits) for standard module learning time in ratio to curriculum learning time is preferable. Third, for junior colleges, it is possible to apply module systems and profiles immediately. Especially, establishing credits for standard module learning time in ratio to curriculum learning time is necessary. Fourth, each vocational high school and junior college should choose proper level of modules according to advertisement and interior design module systems and profiles. But vocational high schools should focus on the strengthening of basic vocational competencies and junior colleges should focus on advanced level competencies. Through this strategy, students graduating from vocational high schools to enter relevant junior colleges may avoid redundant study. Fifth, advertisement and interior design modules and profiles are quite similar. More similarity and redundancy may be found in further developments of these kinds of design modules. Therefore through systemization and organization a desirable design module system may be established. Sixth, the module profiles suggested in this study integrate theory, experiment, and actual training. Therefore, the existing method, separating theory, experiment and actual training should be terminated. In addition, not only the contents of study but also the activities for study are suggested so that the study objectives should be attained through these actions. Seventh, the results of this study may be applied to the training of vocational high school teachers and junior college professors. In this case, the focus should be competency based curriculum development procedures and methods in, for example, advertisement and interior design curriculum.โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 โ…ก. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์ง์—…๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 30 โ…ข. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ 57 1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 57 2. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 82 3. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 94 4. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  110 โ…ฃ. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 113 1. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ „์ œ์™€ ๋ชจํ˜• 113 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 115 โ…ค. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹ค์ œ 126 1. ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋””์ž์ธ ์ง์ข…์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 126 2. ์‹ค๋‚ด๋””์ž์ธ ์ง์ข…์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • 207 โ…ฅ. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 252 1. ์ง์—…๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ ์šฉ 252 2. ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ ์šฉ 253 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 256 ABSTRACT 26
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