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    ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ž„ ์ƒ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™ํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 1989๋…„๋ง ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ 19 1๊ฐœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘ 154๊ฐœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ธ๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ด€ ๋ฆฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์ •, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์„ฑ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 20๊ฐœ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ดํ•˜์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 46.9%๊ฐ€ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 34.6%๊ฐ€, ์ž„์ƒ ํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 45.2%๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 5๋…„ ์ด ํ•˜์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 45.6%๊ฐ€ 'ํ•˜ ' ๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ํŒŒ์ดํŽซ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 38. 05๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 40.0%๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 3 ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ 47.4%๊ฐ€ 'ํ•˜'๊ตฐ์— ์†ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„ ์ •๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ ์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ„๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ˜, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋…„์ˆ˜, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋„์˜ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ ์œ ๋ฌด, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜, ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ˆ˜, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจํ˜•๋‚ด์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜•์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋…„์ˆ˜์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•๋„์„ฑ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ์ •๋œ 8๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์„ฑ์ ์€ 19.4%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์™„์ „๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์œ  ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘ ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์™€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ ์„ฑ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ๊ฒ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ ํ•˜์ณค์œผ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ ์ •๋œ 8๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„ ์„ฑ์ ์€ 14.2%๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋œ ์™„์ „๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ชจํ˜•๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์ฐจ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„ ์„ (์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ˆ˜, ์‹œ์•ฝ์˜ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ์ •, ํŒŒ์ดํŽซ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํœซ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ •ํ™•๋„์„ฑ์  'ํ•˜'๋ฅผ '์ค‘'์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ํ†ต ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋กœ์ง“๋ชจํ˜•์€ ๋ชจ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจํ˜•๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ์„ฑ์  '์ค‘'๊ตฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 'ํ•˜'๊ตฐ์น˜ ๋น„์ฐจ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ž„์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ์ „๋‹ด ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ˆ˜๋Š” 3.56, ์‹œ์•ฝ์˜ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ์ •์€ 1.85, ํŒŒ์ดํŽซ ์ž๋™ํ™” ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” 3.56 ๊ทธ ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถˆ์ฐธํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” 1.40์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฑ…์ž„์ž์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ๋…, ์ฑ…์ž„๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐ ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธํ™” ๋ถ„์„๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ž๋™ํ™”, ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ •๋„์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์˜ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜ ์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ, ๋‚ด ๋ถ€์ •๋„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ณ‘ยท์˜์›๊ธ‰์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ฑ์ ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. Laboratory Proficiency-Test Performance in Korea : Its relationship to structural and process variables Ein Soon Shin Department of Public Health The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by professor Han Joong Kim, M.D.,Ph.D.) This study is designed to analyze clincal laboratory proficiency test performance and identify determinants of perfonrmance scores. The perficiency performance was measured in terms of accuracy and percision while explanatory variables include both structural and process characteristics in clinical laboratory performance. The study included 154 laboratories participating in progiciency-testing surveys of the korean Society of Quality Control in Clinical Pathology. The results of the study are summarized below. 1. Laboratories were classified into three categories according to the distribution of accuracy levels. Laboratories classified at the low accuracy level were likely to have following characteristics; the less experienced chief technician; and the use of manual pipett. 2. Number of technicians, years of experience of the chief technician, an exhibition of quality control graph chart, and numbers of lack of participation in proficiency-testing trials were significantly different in the mean accuracy level. Number of test items, number of coctors, and numbers of lack of participation in proficiency-testion trials were sehnificanlty different in the mean precision level. 3. The multiple regression model explained 19.4% of the variation in the accuracy level, and this full-model was significant. Years of experience of the chief technician, and numbers of lack of participation in proficiency-testing trials were significant, with signs consistent with the predicted direction. Another regression model explained 14.2% of the variation in the precision level, and this model also was significant. Numbers of test per technician was significant, consistent with the predicted direction. Contrary to the expectation, numbers of lack of participation in proficiency-testion trials revealed inverse sign. 4. Generalized logit model sith three response levels revealed that a number of doctors, selection of suitable reagent, using automatic pipett and a numbers of lack of participation in proficiency-testion trials were significant enough to improve the performance from the lower group to the middle group. In summary, management and supervision by medical specialists, experience of the chief technician, automation of instruments, intralaboratory quality control system, and continued participation of laboratories in proficiency-testing program were found to be associated with higher performance. These factors, therefore, should be effectively monitored and controlled to improve laboratory performance and to diminish interlaboratory variability. For further study, it is necessary to identify factors realted to higher performance for laboratories not participating in proficiency-testing program and without an intralaboratory quality control program.restrictio

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