312 research outputs found

    ์–ด๋จธ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์—ฌ์›Œ๋ผ! ์˜์ธํ™”๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํ›ผ์†์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜์ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ์ด์œ ์žฌ.Literatures of anthropomorphism or attributing human mind and emotions to nonhuman objects contends that it render people to treat nonhuman beings in a similar way they treat other people. Also, the previous studies of anthropomorphism have mainly focused on its positive impact on peoples attitude and evaluation. However, this research explores that anthropomorphism can elicit negative emotions to the when consumptions require them to cause damage to the anthropomorphic product form (i.e., soap, cake, cleansing foam, and rug). The author finds that consumers of anthropomorphized products involving irreversible damage (i.e., soap and cake) feel greater regret and lower satisfaction than those consuming products involving reversible damage (i.e., cleansing foam and rug). Finally, the negative impact on regret is found to be caused by empathetic concern elicited during consumption while the negative impact on satisfaction was not mediated by empathetic concern.์˜์ธํ™”, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์ธํ™”๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜์ธํ™” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜์ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜์ธํ™” ์ œํ’ˆ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํ›ผ์†์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์˜์ธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์งธ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜์ธํ™”๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ˜•์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ›ผ์†์„ ์ž…ํ˜€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (i.e., ๋น„๋ˆ„์™€ ์ผ€์ดํฌ), ๋ณต๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ›ผ์†์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด (i.e., ํด๋ Œ์ง• ํผ๊ณผ ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ) ํ›„ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์งธ, ํ›„ํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ณต๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................ ................................ โ…ฐ TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................ ................ โ…ฒ ORDER OF FIGURES ................................ ................... โ…ด INTRODUCTION ................................ ......................... 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................ .... 3 Anthropomorphism ................................ .................... 3 Mind Perception and Empathy ................................ .... 5 Irreversibility of Damage................................ ............... 8 STUDY 1 ................................ ................................ .... 10 Participants, Design, and Procedure ............................. 10 Stimulus Materials and Pretest ................................ ..... 10 Measures ................................ ................................ ... 12 Results ................................ ................................ ....... 13 Discussion ................................ .................................. 14 STUDY 2 ................................ ................................ ... 15 Participants, Design, and Procedure ............................ 16 Stimulus Materials and Pretest ................................ ....17 Measures ................................ ................................ .. 19 Results ................................ ................................ ...... 20 Discussion ................................ .................................. 26 GENDERAL DISCUSSION ................................ ............... 27 REFERENCES ................................ .............................. 32 APPENDIX ................................ ................................ ..37 ABSTRACT (Korean) ................................ .................... 44Maste

    Present and past organic carbon cycling on the Amundsen Shelf, Antarctica: Implications from radiocarbon and sterols

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€,2019. 8. ํ™ฉ์ ์‹.์„œ๋‚จ๊ทน ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋น™๋ถ•๊ณผ ํ•ด๋น™์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ผ์ฐจ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด์—์„œ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜ ์–‘์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹คํ•™์ œ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์ง€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ, ETH Zรผrich, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  BAS(British Antarctic Survey) ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด์—ญ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์นจ๊ฐ• ์ž…์ž์™€ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ™€๋กœ์„ธ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ์œ ๊ธฐํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ๋‹ค์ธต ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํ•ด์—ญ์€ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํž˜๋“  ์ง€์—ญ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ํŠธ๋žฉ์€ ์ด ํ•ด์—ญ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํŽŒํ”„ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. 2015๋…„ ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ 1๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์นจ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€, ๋‹ท์Šจ ๋น™๋ถ• ์•ž์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์นจ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ์ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ๋น™๋ถ• ์•ž์ชฝ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์นจ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ ์นจ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์นจ๊ฐ•์ž…์ž์˜ ํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™์ด ๋…น๋Š” ์ •๋„์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น™๋ถ• ์•ž์ชฝ์˜ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ํŠธ๋žฉ์—์„œ 2๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์ €์„œ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋น„, ์„ฑ๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ํŠธ๋žฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ €์„œ๋™๋ฌผ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์™€ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๊ธฐํƒ„์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’์€ ์ผ์ฐจ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐํƒ„์†Œ์˜ 5๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ฒ ์— ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํ•ด์—ญ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ทน์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋ถ•์˜ ์ €์„œ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด์—์„œ์˜ anchor ice์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก ๊ธฐ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ฝ”์–ด์™€ ๋ฐ•์Šค์ฝ”์–ด ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™€๋กœ์„ธ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํ•ด์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ ๊ธฐํƒ„์†Œ ํ‡ด์ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์žฅ 200cm ๊นŠ์ด์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ฝ”์–ด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ•ด์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊นŠ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ๋™์œ„์›์†Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ, ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ท์Šจ ๋น™๋ถ• ์•ž์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํ•ด์—ญ์˜ ํ•ด๋น™์—ญ๊ณผ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ํ›„ํ‡ด์™€ ํ•ด๋น™ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒช์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œ์ธต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ์ง€ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ(Br/Ti, Ba/Al, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค์™€ ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ๋Š” ํ•ด๋น™ ์งํ›„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ 9~6 kyr cal BP ๋ฌด๋ ต ์šฐ์ ์ข…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ฝ”์–ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํด๋ฆฌ๋ƒ ๋‚ด/์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ท์Šจ ํŠธ๋Ÿฌํ”„์˜ ๋‚ด/์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ•์Šค์ฝ”์–ด ํ‡ด์ ๋ฌผ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑํƒ„์†Œ๋™์œ„์›์†Œ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค, ์ž…์ž์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋ฌธ์   ํ•ด์—ญ์˜ ๊ณ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํ‡ด์ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒจ์˜ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์Œ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ•ด์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ธ ์„œ๋‚จ๊ทน ์•„๋ฌธ์  ํ•ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์œ ๊ธฐํƒ„์†Œ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ๋‹ค์ธต ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‚จ๊ทน ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆœํ™˜์–‘์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.The Amundsen Sea in the west Antarctic is experiencing rapid glacial melting and declining in sea-ice according to the climate change. This physical change is expected to influence the carbon cycling in the Amundsen Sea. The change is not one dimensional and therefore, it is important to understand the past and present organic carbon cycling in the Amundsen Sea to project the role of the Amundsen Sea in the future. To further our understanding of organic carbon cycling on the Amundsen Shelf, a research was carried out in collaboration with KOPRI (Korea Polar Research Institute), ETH Zรผrich, and BAS (British Antarctic Survey) adopting multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches. Various aspects of particulate organic carbon (POC) and sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) cycling in present and past were investigated. Sinking particles and sediment samples were collected during 4 cruises and sediment trap moorings from 2011 to 2018. Sediment trap is the only way to investigate year-round biological pump system in this region due to observational constraints. I tried to extend spatial and temporal understanding of sinking particles from one year study in perennial sea ice zone. Sinking particles, collected by a sediment trap deployed at three different sites (perennial sea ice zone, Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), and in front of the Dotson Ice Shelf). POC flux in the perennial ice-covered area where diatoms are dominant phytoplankton species can be high and comparable to that of the central polynya. Two years of sediment trap data covering three summers were obtained and examined sea ice evolution and POC export and their relationship. The summertime POC flux showed high interannual variability with the reduction in sea ice cover in early summer for sufficient insolation being critical to enhanced sinking POC flux (Chapter 3, as it is published in Journal of Marine Systems). Collection of large benthic invertebrates including juvenile scallops, a sea urchin, and long and slender worms in sediment traps for 2 years at three locations in the Amundsen Shelf also have been reported (Chapter 4). To our knowledge, this is the first reporting of collection of benthic macro organisms without swimming capability in the sediment trap. Organic carbon supplied by worms accounted for up to 5-fold the POC flux derived from primary production in the overlying water column. The collection of these organisms occurred predominantly during the austral winter. Plausible source region and transport mechanisms of these benthic organisms and the impacts on Antarctic biology, as a disturbance to benthic ecosystems, a dispersal mechanism for benthic invertebrates, and an energy supply to the deeper benthic ecosystems were investigated (Chapter 4, as it is published in Biogeosciences). Sediment samples collected by gravity core and boxcore were used to investigate recent and Holocene organic carbon cycling in this region. High resolution radiocarbon ages in depth for the cores were analyzed. History of the ASP formation and sedimentation characteristics were examined from three gravity cores recovered in the shelf break, inside the polynya, and near the Dotson Ice Shelf (Chapter 5). The up-core variation of biogeochemical proxies implied that the shelf break region and the ASP experienced different environment after deglaciation. Based on paleoproductivity proxies (ratio of Br/Ti, Ba/Al), OC normalized brassicasterol, and diatom valve abundances, temporal evolution of the ASP were suggested. The ASP suspected to be exist right after the deglaciation and the dominant plankton species may be shifted 9~6 kyr cal BP. In addition, box core samples from various locations of different surface water conditions in the western Amundsen Shelf were investigated to complement the spatial limitation of gravity cores. Radiocarbon, biomarkers representing phytoplankton communities and paleoproductivity (brassicasterol, cholesterol, and dinosterol), and grain size were analyzed for a high spatial-resolution of SOC accumulation characteristics on the Amundsen Shelf (Chapter 6). This study contributes to further advance our understanding and future climate model of the organic carbon cycling in the Amundsen Sea, one of the most rapidly changing, the least affected by human activity region around the Antarctica.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and motivation 1 1.2 Research goals 5 1.3 Structure of dissertation 6 Chapter 2 Materials and methods 9 2.1 Sample collection 9 2.2 Sample analyses 12 Chapter 3 Sinking particle flux and composition at three sites of different annual sea ice cover in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica 29 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Materials and methods 33 3.3 Results 40 3.4 Discussion 50 3.5 Summary 59 Chapter 4 Collection of large benthic invertebrates in sediment traps in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica 61 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 Methods 65 4.3 Results 69 4.4 Discussion 78 4.5 Implications and Conclusions 82 Chapter 5 Changes in sedimentational environment since the last deglaciation in the western Amundsen Sea, Antarctica 85 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Materials and methods 91 5.3 Results 95 5.4 Discussion 101 5.5 Conclusions 109 Chapter 6 Organic carbon sequestration on the Amundsen Shelf: Insights from lipid biomarkers 111 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Methods 116 6.3 Results 120 6.4 Discussion 130 Chapter 7 Summary and future research directions 135 References 141 ABSTRACT (IN KOREAN) 159Docto

    A Case Study of Naver and Kakao in Japan and USA

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ๊น€ํ˜„์ฒ .The global comic industry, led by the United States and Japan, has significant impact on related industries such as animation, film, and character creation. Despite the advent of the internet, the comic industry has remained resilient, but is undergoing changes due to the growth of mobile technology and the rise of webtoon platforms. Webtoon, a form of digital comic originating from South Korea, are optimized for web and mobile viewing, is creating a new market in the comic industry. Since the introduction of Naver Webtoons overseas expansion in 2014, the webtoon industry has experienced rapid growth over the past eight years globally. In Q4 of 2021, six out of the top ten comic apps in terms of consumer spending were Korean webtoon apps. This study aims to examine the factors contributing to the global success of Korean webtoons platforms in their accelerated internationalization, especially in the face of competition from incumbent players. While there have been numerous studies on multinational enterprises and internationalization, these studies have primarily focused on the advanced multinational enterprises with a competitive advantage. In contrast, studies on the internationalization of emerging countries or latecomers are limited. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing the internationalization strategies of Korean webtoon platforms and identifying the challenges and success factors involved. To achieve this goal, the entry strategies of Naver and Kakao, two major players in the Korean webtoon industry, will be analyzed using Mathew's LLL(Linkage, Leverage, Learning) theory. The mature comic markets of the United States and Japan will also be studied to understand the strategies and performance of webtoon platforms in these countries. Moreover, the strategies of latecomers in the industry will be evaluated to understand their impact on the accelerated internationalization. This study seeks to contribute to the literature by enhancing our understanding of latecomers' accelerated internationalization strategies. Through the application of international business theories, the study aims to shed light on the drivers of accelerated internationalization in the webtoon industry.๋งŒํ™” ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ถœํŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŒํ™” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์„ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ IP์˜ ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜, ์˜ํ™”, ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์—๋„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ๋งŒํ™” ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์›นํˆฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›นํˆฐ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋งŒํ™”๋กœ, ์›น๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2014๋…„ ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„ ์›นํˆฐ์ด ๊ตญ์™ธ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜, ์ง€๋‚œ 8๋…„๊ฐ„ ์›นํˆฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2021๋…„ 4๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŒํ™” ์•ฑ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ ์ˆœ์œ„ 10์œ„๊ถŒ ๋‚ด ์•ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ„ ์›นํˆฐ ์•ฑ์ด ์ด 6๊ฐœ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋งŒํ™” ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งŒํ™” ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋ณ€๋ฐฉ๊ตญ์ด๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 8๋…„๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๊ตญ์  ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ํ•ด์™ธ์ง์ ‘ํˆฌ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํฅ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ€๋˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ IT๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ›„๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ง„์ถœ๊ณผ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง„์ถœ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งคํŠœ์˜ LLL ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„์™€ ์นด์นด์˜ค์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒํ™” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„์ถœ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋งŒํ™” ์‹œ์žฅ 1์œ„์™€ 2์œ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์„๋“ค์€ ์›นํˆฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ ๋„ค์ด๋ฒ„์™€ ์นด์นด์˜ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ›„๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ์ œํ™” ์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์ง„์ถœ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œํ™”์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์žฌ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 3 2.1 Existing Studies of FDI 3 2.2 Theoretical Framework 5 โ…ข. Review of Industry and Market 8 3.1 Comics, Digital Comics, Webtoon 8 3.2 Webtoon Market in Japan 11 3.3 Webtoon Market in U.S. 14 โ…ฃ. Naver Analysis 17 4.1 Naver Webtoon Overview 17 4.2 Naver Webtoons Internationalization 18 4.3 Naver Webtoons LLL 20 โ…ค. Kakao Analysis 25 5.1 Kakao Webtoon Overview 25 5.2 Kakao Webtoons Internationalization 26 5.3 Kakao Webtoons LLL 28 โ…ฅ. Discussion 34 โ…ฆ. Conclusion 39 Bibliography 41 Abstract in Korean 47์„

    Development of a T cell selective penetrating peptide modified from the amphipathic cell penetrating peptide

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ƒ๋ฌผ์ „๊ณต), 2018. 8. ์ด์ค€๊ทœ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋™์‹œ์— T์„ธํฌ์— ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ(Cell penetrating peptide, CPP)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ธํฌ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์–‘์นœ๋งค์„ฑ CPP๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ๋ณ€์ด์ฒด์˜ ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ํ›„, T์„ธํฌ์— ์นœํ™”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์„œ์—ด์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•๊ด‘ ํ‘œ์ง€ํ•œ ํ›„ ์œ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ ์ค‘ LK3 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ T์„ธํฌ์— ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ LK3 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ชฐ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ๋ง‰ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ T์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, T์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์–ต์ œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ธ Cyclosporin A๋ฅผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์นœ๋งค์„ฑ CPP๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•œ ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ธํฌ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” CPP๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œ์  ์„ธํฌ ์„ ํƒ์  ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ LK3 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” T์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  T์„ธํฌ๋กœ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, T์„ธํฌ ์„ ํƒ์  ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šด๋ฐ˜์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 3 1.2.1 T์„ธํฌ 3 1.2.2 ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ 5 1.2.3 ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  6 1.2.4 Biopanning 7 ์ œ 2์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ 8 2.1 ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์žฌ๋ฃŒ 8 2.2 ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์กฐ 10 2.2.1 ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ํŒŒ์ง€๋ฏธ๋“œ ์ œ์กฐ 11 2.2.2 ํŒŒ์ง€ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ 13 2.3 ํ‘œ์  ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์˜คํ‹ด ํ‘œ์ง€ 15 2.4 Cell-surface panning 15 2.5 ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ ์ธก์ • 18 2.6 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ 18 2.7 IL2 ์–ต์ œ๋Šฅ ์ธก์ • 19 ์ œ 3์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 20 3.1 ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณผ์ • 20 3.2 Biopanning์„ ํ†ตํ•œ T์„ธํฌ ์นœํ™”์„ฑ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ณผ์ • 21 3.3 ํŒŒ์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„๋œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ T์„ธํฌ ์„ ํƒ์  ํˆฌ๊ณผ์„ฑ 25 3.4 LK3 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ „ 28 3.5 LK3 ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์šด๋ฐ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 31 ์ œ 4์žฅ ๋…ผ์˜ 33 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 36 Abstract 45Maste

    A Study of the Social Interaction in the Urban Canyon of Guro Low-rise Housing Complexes

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 8. ๊น€์„ธํ›ˆ.์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๋„์‹œํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…น์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋‹จ๋…์ฃผํƒ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผํƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์ง€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—†์ด ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ €๊ธ‰ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์ด ์–‘์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ์ฃผํƒ์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐ€ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์žํ˜• ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€ยท๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€์ง‘์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €์ธต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋…ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์ธต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋†’์ด ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ธ๋™๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„๋กœ ํญ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ , ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์–ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์„ฑ์ด๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์ธ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฉด์ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ตฌ๋กœ4๋™ ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๋ฐ€์ง‘์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€ ์ €์ธต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๋œ ์ดํ›„, ์ €๊ธ‰ ๊ณต๋™์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋™๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜๊ตฌ์Œ์˜๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•จ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ๊นŒ? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋™์—์„œ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์„ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฉด์ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ตฌ๋กœ4๋™ ์ €์ธต์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์ง•์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฑ„๊ด‘์กฐ๊ฑด, ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์žฅ์†Œํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์›์ธ, ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์š”๊ตฌ, ์ ์‘์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์–‘ํƒœ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก์„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‡„์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋™ ์ผ๋Œ€์˜ ํ•„์ง€ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ด€์ฐฐ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜์ ยท๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ดฌ์˜, ์ง€๋„ํ‘œ๊ธฐ, ์ง‘๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์„ ๋…ํ•ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ์™€ ๋น„๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ์ด์šฉ์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ์‹œ์  ์ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ž˜ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง€์ธต์—์„œ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์™€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„์น˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ด์ต ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์†Œ์Œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์ •์„œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•จ๊ณผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ์•ž ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ ํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋‚˜ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ ์˜†์„ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•‰์„ ๊ณณ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ด‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์šฉ์ž ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ด์šฉ์ž๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋™๋„ค์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฌผ์  ์—ด์•…ํ•จ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ƒ์  ์–ด๋ฉ”๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฐฝํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋„๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๋†€์ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„ ์˜๋„๋œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋‹น์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ถ•์ด ๋˜์–ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ด‘์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ฃผ์ค‘๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ง์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ถ€, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ž๋…€๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์ฃผ๋ง์—” ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋†’์ด ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ธ๋™๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€์ง€ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.In order to accommodate the increasing population caused by rapid urbanization, the City of Seoul promoted urban developments of multi-family housing from single housing which contains narrow streets and lack of green space. The low quality apartment buildings have been produced due to high density in buildings without a change in the site of land lots to meet the needs of the times in which public housing projects demanded. The high density of multi-family housing apartments causes numerous problems such as the seriousness of urban canyon and physical problems(poor sunlight, issues in thermal environment, privacy, garbage, parking, and etc.) related to the dwelling environment. It also commonly occurs in the multi-family housing areas where contain grid residential blocks in Seoul. The current housing management projects related to the low-rise housing complexes have been proposed as prescriptions for old housing complexes focused on the revitalization by the resident community. The regulations applied to multi-family housing were strengthened in the direction of widening the distance between buildings compared to the building heights. However, the effects of housing management projects as prescriptions to dwelling issues by broadening the width of road and establishing public buildings in order to revitalize the community arbitrarily is only temporary. There is also a limit to which aims to improve the quality of life for the residents. The study area is Guro-dong which has the highest population density per unit area in Seoul. The residential problems of high-density low-rise housing complexes can be easily found in Guro-dong. Since the residential environment improvement (REI) project has been undertaken to accommodate the large amount of population in the 1990s, the neighborhood became a representative of the low quality apartment buildings. The urban canyon is prominent in most of the streets in the neighborhood and it has a high proportion of perpetual shaded areas. But are these disadvantages in the physical environment also applied to the formation of residents community and social interaction? This study noted that there are a lot of people using the streets of urban canyons in Guro-dong and took it as a starting point. The study observes the use behavior of residents in the street space and determines the correlation between use patterns and spatial characteristics in the urban canyon areas. The physical environment including the lighting conditions, waste sites, and others is worse where the urban canyon phenomenon is severe. This study investigates the places of social interaction and how its causes, circumstances, requirements, and adaptation take place in different aspects. It also aims to understand how and by whom the urban canyon areas become the place for social interaction. Accordingly, the study provides reinterpretation on the reuse of urban canyons which offsets the disadvantages as consequences of housing management plans that did not consider the quality of dwelling environment. The study methods can be summarized as in the following. It understands the overall social history of Guro-dong including the formation of land parcels and the development of residential area based on the literature review. Second, it examines the use patterns according to the street types by reconfiguring the use patterns on streets and field observation. The locational and physical characteristics, use patterns and the characteristics of user behaviors were recorded based on taking photographs, mapping, and the counting method. Lastly, it analyzes the urban canyon as social space and the behavior characteristics. It investigates the daily routine in the urban canyon streets and the cause of social phenomenon based on the in-depth interviews with community residents. The characteristics of urban canyon as social space are as in the following. First, based on the comparison between urban canyon streets and those that are not, the street space in the urban canyon is occupied due to the absence of the use of social activity which can be taken place. Since the street space which does not have urban canyon is often occupied temporarily by the users of public facilities, regular community gatherings or social interactions do not occur in the street space without urban canyon. Hence, it determines that the social activities frequently take place in the street space of urban canyon. Second, the comparison between the urban canyon areas where it makes a good use of and where it does not was made to find out the frequency of social activities occurred in the other urban canyon areas in Guro-dong. The residential use and old commercial stores in the lower level of buildings act as a point of attraction for residents to stay. Moreover, since their location is closed to a variety of intended spaces it has the higher frequency of being used and enjoys the reflected benefits. The size of streets is small in terms of physical environmenttherefore, it is dedicated to the residents as the space optimized to feel the emotional comfort and convenience. Third, regarding the locations where the social activities occurred and residents stay, the facade space on neighboring stores or next to the main entrance is actively used for seating. It is also sensitively reacted to the direction of light according to different season. The characteristics in the types of social interaction include as in the following. First, homogeneous and inhomogeneous groups exist individually or together in the spaces. The location where it is mainly composed of homogeneous groups of old age becomes the social space where they can understand each other better than anyone because they belong to the same generation. On the other hand, a variety of inhomogeneous groups forms autonomous space with amenities that can overcome the poor conditions of threatening environment and many other dwelling issues of the neighborhood. Second, extremely common meetings take place in the urban canyon areas rather than planned or similar gatherings with the tremendous meaning of social interaction. This can be said of the unintended daily interactions with small talks and plays instead of the intended and planned exchanges. Third, the street space is mainly dominated by the elderly who do not use the senior citizen center and housewives with kids for the whole time of daylight under the circumstance of not being affected by the weather. The homogeneous groups of old age use the street space for all times during the weekdays and weekends. The inhomogeneous groups of the elderly, housewives, and children use the street space mostly on the weekdays. Building a public architecture for establishing the social community as prescription is an unilateral action that did not consider the views of residents. Therefore, the urban design plan requires a point of contact between the public architecture for residents daily life and the street space. This study has its significance in investigating the actual use of the urban canyon areas for residents in the present phase of multi-family housing management projects in South Korea. The urban planning and design plans should consider whether or not it is right to unconditionally secure the distance between buildings compared to the building heights regarding the formation and substantiality of social community in the future. Therefore, it is significant that this study can be applied to urban policies that will be practiced for proposing the project direction of housing management and the social community.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 3 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ 10 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 12 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 12 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 18 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋™์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 20 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋™ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ • 20 1. ํ•„์ง€ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 20 2. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 21 3. ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 24 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋™ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 25 1. ํ•„์ง€๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 25 2. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 27 3. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์šฉ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 32 4. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ํŠน์„ฑ 33 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ถ„์„ 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 34 1. A ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 35 2. B ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 40 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋น„๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ฐ€๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 45 1. C ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 46 2. D ๊ฐ€๋กœ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ 52 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ 58 1. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ 58 2. ๋ชฉ์ ๋ณ„ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ 65 3. ๊ฐ€๋กœ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ถ„์„ 66 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 67 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ฉด์ ‘์กฐ์‚ฌ 70 1. ๊ฐ€๋กœ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ 70 1.1 ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ 70 1.2 ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘ ๋ฐ ์š”๊ตฌ 71 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 73 2.1 ์ด์šฉ์ž ํŠน์„ฑ 73 2.2 ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 74 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 76 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„์‹œํ˜‘๊ณก ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 76 1. ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ 76 1.1 ์ง€์ธต ์šฉ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 76 1.2 ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  ๋„๋กœ 80 2. ์—ฐ์ ‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ 81 2.1 ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 81 2.2 ๋จธ๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ ์šฉ๋„ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์‚ฌ๋“œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 82 2.3 ์ฃผ์š” ์ฑ„๊ด‘ ์ง€์  84 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ™œ๋™ ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 86 1. ์ด์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 86 1.1 ์ด์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ 86 1.2 ์ด์šฉ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ 87 2. ๋น„ ์˜๋„๋œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ 89 3. ํ–‰ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ 91 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  93 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 93 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ 98 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 99 Abstract 102 ๋ถ€๋ก 107Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ง„.2013๋…„ 9์›” ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์ˆ˜์›์‹œ ํ–‰๊ถ๋™์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ฐจ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์„ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์ด๋™ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์šฉ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ GPS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ณดํ–‰๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ด์šฉ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„(์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ์ˆ˜์›์‹œ๋ฏผ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๊ฐ) ์‹ฌ์ธต์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฌธํ—Œ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ GPS ๋ณดํ–‰๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์‹œ์™€ ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์ด ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์ธ ์ˆ˜์›์‹œ ํ–‰๊ถ๋™์€ 1789๋…„ ์‹ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ์„œ ๋„์‹œํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›๋„์‹ฌ ์‡ ํ‡ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ํ™”๋‘๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋งˆ์„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋…”์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๋งˆ์„๋ฅด๋„ค์ƒ์Šค ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 2013๋…„ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—… ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์€ ํ–‰์ •, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ด์šฉ์ฃผ์ฒด๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋งˆ์„ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ๋…น์ง€๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์˜์‹๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด(๋‹จ์œ„๋ณ„, ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ๋ณ„, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋™๊ธฐ๋ณ„), ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํŠน์„ฑ (์ง€์†์  ๋ฌผ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ผ์‹œ์  ๋ฌผ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ผ์‹œ์  ๋น„ ๋ฌผ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ„)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณดํ–‰ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณดํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹จ์ผ๋ณดํ–‰์ด ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„ ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์€ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์‹œ์™€ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ๋…น์ง€๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋…น์ง€๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋„์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด์šฉํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๋ณดํ–‰์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ธฐํš๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด ์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 150m ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘ ๊ธฐํš๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์˜ ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ณดํ–‰์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ GPS๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์„ ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์ด๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์—…์‚ฌ์—… ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ๊ณผ ์ผํšŒ ๋ณดํ–‰์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”ํ›„ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  01 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 01 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  03 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 04 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 04 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 05 3์ ˆ. ์šฉ์–ด์ •๋ฆฌ 11 4์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ • 12 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 1์ ˆ. ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋™ํ–ฅ 13 1. ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 13 2. ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”๋„์‹œ์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 16 3. ๊ทผ๋ฆฐ์ƒํ™œ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„  18 2์ ˆ. ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด 21 1. ์ผ์‹œ์  ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 21 2. ์ฐจ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ 24 3์ ˆ. ๋ณดํ–‰ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 28 1. ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 28 2. ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ–‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 32 4์ ˆ. GPS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 35 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013 ์ดํ•ด 1์ ˆ. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€(์ˆ˜์›์‹œ ํ–‰๊ถ๋™)์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 37 1. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ณ€์ฒœ 37 2. ์ธ๋ฌธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ 39 3. ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๋งˆ์„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ž์›์š”์†Œ 43 2์ ˆ. ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013 ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ดํ•ด 50 1. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ์‹คํ—˜ 50 2. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋””์ž์ธ ์‹œ๋„ 52 3. ๋„์‹œ๋ณดํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 54 3์ ˆ. ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 57 1. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 57 2. ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์ผ์‹œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 63 4์ ˆ. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ : ์ˆ˜์›์‹œ ํ–‰๊ถ๋™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฆ„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต๋งˆ์„ 68 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋™ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ ๋ถ„์„ 1์ ˆ. ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด๋™ํŒจํ„ด ์ฐจ์ด 69 1. ๋ณดํ–‰๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 69 2. ๋ณดํ–‰์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด 75 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 87 2์ ˆ. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ด์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ ๋ถ„์„ 88 1. ์ง€์†์ , ์ผ์‹œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 88 2. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ณดํ–‰ ์„ ํ˜ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ 91 3. ์ผ์‹œ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐํš๊ณผ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 96 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 101 3์ ˆ. ๋ณดํ–‰์นœํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์˜ ๋ณดํ–‰ํŠน์„ฑ ํ•ด์„ 102 1. ์ด์šฉ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ตํ†ต ์ˆ˜์› 2013์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฐจ์ด 103 2. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ 105 3. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๋ณดํ–‰ํ™•์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 106 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  1์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 108 2์ ˆ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  113 โ– ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 114 โ– Abstract 119Maste

    ์–‘๋ฉด ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2013. 2. ์†ก์ธ์„ฑ.Today, many high-tech products function as intermediaries in two-sided markets and a thorough understanding of the distinguished market mechanism is considered to be a key to success. The hardware manufacturers battle for getting the initial advantage, reinforcing their own networks and ultimately dominating the market. Although an extensive empirical research focuses on the relationship between competition and indirect network effects, accounting for market dominance due to the unique price mechanism, little empirical studies have addressed the extent to which the distinguished price structure in two-sided markets depends on the market structure among platforms. The reverse causality of the commonly investigated relationship in durable goods industry is a particularly interesting avenue for research. This paper develops an empirical model to investigate the impact of competition on optimal pricing of durable products under indirect network effects by extending the framework in Dubรฉ, Hitsch and Chintagunta(2010). This study differs from theirs in the following ways: First, I modify the framework in the supply side to incorporate the hypothetical market structure (i.e. monopoly) as well as the observed market structure (i.e. oligopoly). Second, they focus on the endogenous market dominance of one platform whereas my analysis explains the impact of exogenously determined market structure. I estimate demand that accounts for consumers' forward-looking behaviors and solve for the Markov Perfect Nash Equilibrium through numerical dynamic programming techniques. The research entails comparing the expected price in the oligopoly market to the hypothetical expected price in the absence of competition and examines the impact of exogenously determined competition among intermediaries. The monopoly case consists of two scenarios: 1) one of the existing firms in the oligopoly market produces and sells a single product and 2) the existing firms are merged into one firm which offers several kinds of hardware products at different prices. This research investigates the second scenario and compares the price levels in oligopoly market to those in monopoly market. I apply my model to the U.S. video game console market, a canonical example of a two-sided market. The empirical estimation and simulation results indicate that the manufacturers price skim over time regardless of market structure. The price level differentiates the two markets. The merged firm sets higher prices by 12.6% for Sony PlayStation and by 14.1% for Nintendo 64 on average than the different firms do for their single platforms respectively since the merged firm does not get engaged in the standard war. The measure of difference between the price levels reveals the impact of exogenously determined competition on two-sided dynamic pricing for customers.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Model 3.1. Software Provision 3.2. Customers 3.3. Firms 3.3.1. Oligopoly 3.3.2. Monopoly 3.4. Equilibrium 4. Data 5. Estimation and Simulation 5.1. Demand Estimation 5.1.1. First Stage 5.1.2. Second Stage 5.2. Price Simulation 6. Conclusion References Appendix ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋กMaste

    2007๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ณด๊ณ : HRD ์ •์ฑ…์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ] ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€

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    ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€์˜ 2007๋…„ ์—…๋ฌด๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž์˜ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๋…ธ์‚ฌํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์™€ ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐœ๊ตดยท์ถ”

    ์„œ์šธ์—ญ์ผ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ง€์—ญ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2021. 2. ๊น€์„ธํ›ˆ.As the urban planning paradigm shifted from urban development to urban regeneration, various stakeholders emerged in the city. In urban regeneration project areas, all residents become direct parties and stakeholders of the project. In urban regeneration projects, the government emphasized the importance of establishing cooperation and governance among the propellants and promoting field-oriented projects. As part of that, in accordance with the Special Act on Urban Regeneration, an intermediary organization such as an urban regeneration support center was introduced to enable communication with the site even in areas that the public could not directly manage. Residents were given the role of leading the project, not the beneficiaries who accepted public projects unilaterally. The various residents who appeared in this way interacted with the subjects of the urban regeneration project in various ways in order to satisfy their own interests. Through their experiences in the process, they participated in urban regeneration projects in a way they learned, and their perceptions of urban regeneration also changed. Since these interactions and perceptions have a direct influence on the progress of urban regeneration projects, it is very important to manage them effectively. Seogye-dong, the subject of this study, is an urban regeneration project area suitable for analyzing the interactions of stakeholders. It is included in the urban regeneration revitalization area around Seoul Station, and in terms of urban space, it is a hilly residential area in the western part of Seoul Station, and a space that has a unique place where residential, industrial and commercial coexist behind Seoul Station. The differences in characteristics and interests of residents, which are divided into residents, sewing industry workers, and merchants, are very clear, and there are various aspects of participation in urban regeneration projects. In addition, due to the spatial characteristics located behind Seoul Station, attempts to fully develop in Seogye-dong have been continuing for a long period of time, and as a result, it is difficult to carry out urban regeneration projects. Therefore, at the urban regeneration site in Seogye-dong, as the urban regeneration project has been in progress for five years, it can be seen that the subject of the urban regeneration project and residents of various interests interact with each other. In this study, by applying ground theory, which is a qualitative research method and an inductive research methodology, it is not only to describe the interactions that are exposed on the surface, but to capture the perceptions of each subject and to analyze the ways in which the factors of cooperation and conflict interact in depth . As a result, the conclusions in this study are summarized as follows. In the Seogye-dong urban regeneration project, it was seen that the perception of each stakeholder changed through the period of formation, intensification, and stalemate of cooperation and conflict. In Seogye-dong, the strong will of the administration to promote urban regeneration projects, the locational characteristics of the Seoul Station area, and the fact that there was no development activity due to the long-term development restrictions were combined, resulting in a very multi-stakeholder dynamic structure. Stakeholders experience different participation in urban regeneration, and they have created a more multidimensional governance structure by themselves through appropriate interaction strategies. In the process, stakeholders, such as residents, merchants, and sewing industry workers, contacted and cooperated through different channels, and had a multi-faceted and fluid interaction that was free from the initial urban regeneration support and opposition structures. This study attempted to contribute to suggesting practical implications for more effective progress of urban regeneration projects in the future through empirical research in the field where urban regeneration projects are in progress. In addition, through empirical research in the field, we tried to analyze the stakeholders actually active in the urban regeneration project area, and this is expected to be an important basic data that can be referenced not only in Seogye-dong but also in other urban regeneration project areas.๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์ด์ž ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ฃผ์ฒด ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ [๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐ ์ง€์›์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„๋ฒ•(์ดํ•˜ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ ํŠน๋ณ„๋ฒ•)]์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์ง€์›์„ผํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹๋“ค์€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์ธ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์€ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ์—ญ์ผ๋Œ€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์ง€์—ญ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์—ญ ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ‰์ง€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ž, ์„œ์šธ์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ›„์— ์ฃผ๊ฑฐยท์‚ฐ์—…ยท์ƒ์—…์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ, ๋ด‰์ œ์‚ฐ์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž, ์ƒ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์—ญ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ›„์— ์ž…์ง€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์—๋Š” ์ „๋ฉด๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์˜ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ž ๊ท€๋‚ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ณ„๋™ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ธฐ, ์‹ฌํ™”๊ธฐ, ๊ต์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์„œ์šธ์—ญ ์ผ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ž…์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์˜ค๋žœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ œํ•œ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์  ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด, ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์›์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญํ•™๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ„๋„Œ์Šค ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผยท์ƒ์ธยท๋ด‰์ œ์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ ์ฐฌ์„ฑยท๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ค๋ฉด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๊ณ„๋™๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํƒ€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 14 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 14 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™์˜ ๋„์‹œ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—… ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ • 14 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž 18 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 22 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์„œ๊ณ„๋™ ๋„์‹œ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—… ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ถ„์„ 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๋ฐ ์ถ•์ฝ”๋”ฉ 35 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 63 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  66 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ์œ ๋ช…์ˆœ.์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ์†์œ„์ƒ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์€ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์†์†Œ๋…์ œ์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰, ์†์œ„์ƒ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด์— ์†์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ง์ข… ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ ์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง?์ง์—…๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ํ•œ 3์ฐจ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ์ค‘์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2015๋…„ 4~5์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ž…์‹ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ, ์—ญ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์†์œ„์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŠน์ง• ์ค‘ ์ง์ข…์ด ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์†์œ„์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜์‚ฌ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ๋งŒ์ด ์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ, ํƒœ๋„, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค. ์†์œ„์ƒ ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋„์™€ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋‘ ์š”์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์†์œ„์ƒ ์˜๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ์ง์—์„œ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†์œ„์ƒ์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง์ข… ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ์™€ ์••๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์— ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์†์œ„์ƒ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ดํ–‰ ํ–‰์œ„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ข…๊ฐ„์— ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ง์ข…๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์‹, ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ–‰๋™์–‘์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ข… ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  8 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  11 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 12 1. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ณผ ์†์œ„์ƒ 12 1) ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ์—ผ 12 2) ์†์œ„์ƒ 14 2. ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  17 1) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  17 2) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ ์šฉ 19 3. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ด๋ก  21 1) ์กฐ์ง๋™์ผ์‹œ 21 2) ์ง์—…๋™์ผ์‹œ 22 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 24 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 24 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 26 1) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์š”์ธ 26 2) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์†์œ„์ƒ 27 3) ์กฐ์ง๋™์ผ์‹œ?์ง์—…๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ์†์œ„์ƒ 28 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 30 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 30 3) ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 31 1) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 31 2) ์ž๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ณ  ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ  32 3) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹ 32 4) ๊ต์œก ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ฆ์ง„ํ™œ๋™ 33 5) ์†์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์š”์ธ 33 6) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋ก  34 7) ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ 34 3. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 35 V. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 36 1. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 36 1) ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 36 2) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ  39 (1) ์ž๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ณ  ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ  39 (2) ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 40 3) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ธ์‹ 42 (1) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ง€์‹ 42 (2) ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ด€๋ จ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ธ์‹ 42 (3) ์†์œ„์ƒ ๊ต์œก ๋นˆ๋„ 43 (4) ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ฆ์ง„ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„-์„ฑ์ทจ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 43 (5) ์†์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฉํ•ด์š”์ธ 46 4) ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 48 5) ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 49 6) ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 51 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 54 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ1 - ์ง์ข…๊ณผ ์†์œ„์ƒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ฅ  54 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ2 ? ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์†์œ„์ƒ 55 3) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ3 - ์กฐ์ง ๋™์ผ์‹œ?์ง์—… ๋™์ผ์‹œ์™€ ์†์œ„์ƒ 56 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 63 VI. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  66 1. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 66 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 66 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์  70 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ธ 71 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 73Maste
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