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    ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ž์› ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022. 8. ์กฐ์„ฑ์ผ.์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์€ ์ƒ๋ช… ์—ฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์–‘์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ(health-related quality of life, HRQOL)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ž์› ๋ฐ ์ธ์  ์ž์› ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ž์›์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๋„“์€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํญ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ธต์ ์ธ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ธต์  ์ž์›์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ํ‹€์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์›์ด ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›๊ฐ„ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‚ด ์ž์›์˜ ๊ณต์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ถค์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ๊ถค์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋‘ ๊ถค์ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€์œ„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์›์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์›์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ 8์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ(2013๋…„)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด 3,984 ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—์„œ 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ 8330๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ (์ด10์ฐจ ์กฐ์‚ฌ) ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•ํŒจ๋„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ(KOSIS)์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 250๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์› ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ง€์ˆ˜(HRQoL)๋Š” EQ-5D ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ ํ›„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” MacArthur scale ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง, ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ฌธํ™”, ์ฒด์œก์‹œ์„ค, ๊ณต์›์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™” ์ž์›๊ณผ, ์˜์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜, ํ•„์ˆ˜์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ ์˜์›, ๋ณ‘์›, ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์› ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ž์› ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›๊ฐ„ ์‘๋‹ต์ผ์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ถค์  ๋ชจํ˜•(Group-based trajectory modeling, GBTM)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ , ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ง€์œ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํฌ์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ถค์  ๋ชจํ˜•(multi-GBTM)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„(Geographically weighted regression, GWR)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด K-means ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ STATA 16, SAS ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด 9.4 ๋ฒ„์ „, R 4.1.3๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ QGIS 3.24 ๋ฐ GeoDa 1.18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹ ํ•˜๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์™„์ถฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ „์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์ž๋…€ ์„ธ๋Œ€, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ ์„ธ๋Œ€, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ„ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์–‘์˜๋ฌด, ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์›์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ถค์  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, HRQoL์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์ธ 1์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋งŒ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋”์šฑ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋“์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง‘๋‹จํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ถค์  ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์•…ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ž์› ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์„ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ˜•, ๊ฒฐ์†ํ˜•, ์ธ์ง€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ž์› ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ทผ๋ฆฐํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์— ์งˆ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ ์˜๋ฃŒํ•„์š”๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ž์›์˜ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์ด ์งˆ์€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ž๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์›์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ถŒ์—ญ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ์šธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ข…๊ตํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ผ๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ 1์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ•์› ๋ฐ ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋„๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ถฉ์กฑ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ•„์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ž์›์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์†Œ๋“์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธตํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ , ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ด๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ œ์•ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์†Œ๋“ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์•ˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์–‘์˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์ž์› ํ™œ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณ„์ธต ์ธ์‹์— ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์€ ์ข…๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ–ฅ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋„์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์•…ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์„ค์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ท ํ˜•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑํ™” ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ž์› ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ง€์—ญ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ์ž๊ธฐ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ž์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๊ถŒ์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์› ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…๋ณด๋‹ค, ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ, ์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ํŠนํ™” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์—ญํ• ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์›์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ์ดํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์†์„ฑ์€ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ํฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ž์›์˜ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค.Background The recent dynamics of population aging and economic development have drawn renewed interest to the health paradigm. Rather than a quantitative indicator, such as a prolonged life, qualitative indicators, such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL), have become of interest. However, concepts of economic or human capital cannot fully explain the quality of life. Moreover, it is not only the amount of resources owned per se but also mechanisms of generation, distribution, and availability of valuable resources that are important for understanding the social determinants of HRQoL. In general, social determinants of health cumulatively operate over long periods of time and are more effectively investigated by longitudinal perspectives. These resources can be multidimensional, ranging from the material environment to social relationships, and can be distributed within a family or among communities. Ecological differentiation stems from community characteristics and is very much a spatial affair. Here, this thesis aims to evaluate the broader concept of resources using a subjective measure of social status and social resource indicators. Then, it aims to capture the structure of multilevel resource distribution as it is dispersed over time and space. Finally, this aims to expand the framework of social determinants of HRQoL and reveal the health inequalities embedded in our society. The study objectives are as follows. First, the determinants of subjective social status (SSS) were investigated among household members, focusing on the household environment. Then, differences in SSS among members and gaps between objective income and SSS levels were assessed. Second, changing patterns of socioeconomic status were investigated over time and longitudinal effects of socioeconomic status on HRQoL trajectories were assessed. Then, combined changes in patterns of objective and subjective status (i.e., multiple socioeconomic status trajectories) and the HRQoL trajectories were derived, with time gaps. The prospective effects of socioeconomic transition on HRQoL trajectories were analyzed. Third, the resource composite was defined at the community level by combining healthcare resources, cultural infrastructure, and social capital, such as social networks, as well as the neighborhood environment. Then, types of outdoor resources that are crucial to population health were investigated. Finally, spatial correlations in HRQoL were determined and effects of social resources on HRQoL were investigated, considering geographical variations. Methods The study population was adults over 18 years old in the eighth wave (2013) of the Korea Health Panel Survey for the first study, composed of 3,984 households and 8,330 individuals. As the second was a longitudinal study, we made the dataset a balanced panel that respondents answered in all ten waves of the Korea Health Panel (2009โ€“2018). As the third and fourth were ecological studies, we collected community variables via two types of data librariesโ€”OSIS and the Community Health Survey website. We then aggregated overall data at the 250 community level. The dependent variable of HRQoL was calculated using the EQ-5D index with the weights for Koreans. We used the MacArthur scale to measure household SSS. The other explanatory variables consisted of social resources (trust, social network, and social participation), cultural resources (cultural and sports infrastructures and parks), healthcare resources (doctors, essential medical clinics, tertiary hospitals, and nursing hospitals), and communityโ€™s socioeconomic status. Regarding methodologies, we applied the intra-class correlation coefficient to investigate the response reliabilities on household SSS among household members for the first study. In addition, we assessed the importance of determinants on SSS using variance decomposition. For the second study, we used group-based trajectory modeling to identify health trajectories and group-based multi-trajectory modeling to draw multi-SES trajectories. The third study was analyzed using principal component analysis and principal component regression modeling. For the spatial analysis, the fourth study used the geographically weighted regression (GWR) and k-means clustering of the GWR coefficients. We used the STATA 16, SAS software 9.4 version, R version of 4.1.3., QGIS 3.24 and GeoDa 1.18.0 in the adequate analysis. Results For the first study, Housing safety and household wealth, which contributed to 65.7% of the variance in SSS, act as a buffer to downgrade one's SSS. However, there were significant differences between household members according to the dynamics of relational resource sharing. In particular, the perceptions of married couples were consistent, although this decreased as they nurtured more underage children. There are SSS gaps across generations between the ages of the head of household's parents, head of household, and children. For the second study of trajectory modeling, four types of multi-SES trajectories were derived from 2009 to 2013. In the multi-SES trajectories, the richer in 2009 had steeper income growth during the period, while the shapes of the SSS were kept unchangeable over time. The following HRQoL trajectories from 2013 to 2018 showed three distinctive patternsโ€”the 4.3% of individuals showed a low and declining pattern while the other two trajectories remained high and stable. The objective and subjective socioeconomic status, respectively, at baseline were strongly associated with the following health trajectories. For the third study, the communities can be categorized into several principal components (PC). The seven PCs explicitly represent the community characteristics such as (1) structural environments regarding facilities and physical structure; (2)-(3) the set of demand and supply in healthcare; (4) bridging; (5) cognitive; (6) bonding social capital; and (7) economic affluence of the community. These first to seventh PCs explain 46.4% of the HRQoL variance at the community level and are distinctively associated with the HRQoL level. In particular, the structural environment significantly influences population health, implying the neighborhood effect on health. The fourth spatial analysis study showed that HRQoL at the community level has spatial autocorrelation, which means healthy regions are geographically clustered with healthy ones. Moreover, resources do or do not exert effectiveness depending on the regions. Social trust effectively increases HRQoL only in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-do regions. Meanwhile, the religious activities in the Busan and Gyunsang-do regions unexpectedly showed a negative association with health. Unmet medical needs have become a critical health agenda, specifically in the eastern and interior regions of South Korea. Urbanization of the city was positively associated with health on the west side. The aging index is negatively associated with the north and interior regions. The single-person household has become a risk factor in Jeollanam-do and Gangwon-do regions. This differential effectiveness can be spatially clustered and distinguished into five clusters based on the GWR coefficients. That is, the effectiveness of the resources works collectively with some degree of administrative spatial range. Conclusion This study investigated the distribution of multiple levels of resources across households and communities and their health impacts. Taken together, the results indicate that South Korea is a risk-bearing society. The HRQoL patterns were either stable or decreased, but not increased. In addition, HRQoL was spatially clustered at high and low levels of HRQoL. These health patterns suggest longitudinal deterioration and geographical disparities in health. The availability of resources differed according to household environment and family roles. Furthermore, the effectiveness of social resources in the community, such as social capital, differed according to region. This geographical pattern of resource effects on health indicates a spatially shaped social process that gives rise to social inequality. In sum, these findings suggest that the originating family, and where a person lives, determines their health status, highlighting the importance of resource redistribution in enhancing population health. Considering that the administrative district boundary is an effective policy target, the regional-specific healthcare policy for communities should allocate limited resources to areas and households in need, and not focus on equalizing the resources.Chapter 1. Overall introduction๏ผ‘ 1.1. Study Background๏ผ’ 1.2. Study design and objectives๏ผ’๏ผ” Chapter 2. Resource sharing model for subjective social status at the household level๏ผ’๏ผ— 2.1. Introduction๏ผ’๏ผ˜ 2.2. Methods๏ผ“๏ผ“ 2.3. Results๏ผ“๏ผ˜ 2.4. Discussion ๏ผ•๏ผ 2.5. Supplementary data ๏ผ•๏ผ– Appendix A. Distribution of household income and subjective social status among the study population ๏ผ•๏ผ– Appendix B. Detailed information on the intra-class correlation coefficients of subjective social status ๏ผ•๏ผ˜ Appendix C. Post hoc analyses ๏ผ•๏ผ™ Chapter 3. Trajectories of health-related quality of life by change pattern of objective and subjective social status ๏ผ–๏ผ’ 3.1. Introduction ๏ผ–๏ผ“ 3.2. Methods ๏ผ–๏ผ— 3.3. Results ๏ผ—๏ผ‘ 3.4. Discussion ๏ผ˜๏ผ’ 3.5. Supplementary data ๏ผ˜๏ผ™ Appendix A. Sensitivity analyses for missing using MCAR and MAR test ๏ผ˜๏ผ™ Appendix B. Selection criteria for the optimal trajectory model ๏ผ™๏ผ• Chapter 4. Diverse social resources for health-related quality of life in the communities๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ 4.1. Introduction ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ‘ 4.2. Methods ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ• 4.3. Results ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ 4.4. Discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ‘ 4.5. Supplementary data ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ• Appendix A. Correlation of variables and OLS model ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ• Appendix B. Detailed information on PCA and PCR results ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ— Appendix C. Sensitivity analyses: Comparison to other dimension reduction methods๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ Chapter 5 Spatial dependences of social resources on health-related quality of life๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ’ 5.1. Introduction ๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ“ 5.2. Methods ๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ– 5.3. Results ๏ผ‘๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 5.4. Discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ” 5.5. Supplementary data ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ™ Appendix A. Spatial distributions of HRQoL in 2011, 2015, and 2019๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ™ Appendix B. Detailed information on the 2019 GWR modeling ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ Appendix C. Sensitivity analyses: Validation of the โ€˜religious activitiesโ€™ coefficient ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ” Chapter 6 Overall discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ— 6.1. Summary of the studies (Chapter 2-Chapter5) ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ˜ 6.2. Framework of Multilevel Resource Distribution ๏ผ‘๏ผ—๏ผ 6.3. Overall discussion ๏ผ‘๏ผ—๏ผ˜ 6.4. Overall conclusions ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜๏ผ– References ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜๏ผ™ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก ๏ผ’๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๋ฐ•

    ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ด์„ ์˜์‹ ์ข…ํ˜ธ.ํ•™์—…์  ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์Šต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ–‰๋™์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ ์‘์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ์ ˆ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋„์›€ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™์Šตํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ์ง€, ์š”์ฒญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 6ํ•™๋…„ 188๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์›€์˜ ์ œ๊ณต์€ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์›€์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์›€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ๋˜๋ž˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์šฉ(cost)์„ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ์–ด ์ •์˜ 6 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 9 1. ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ 9 ๊ฐ€. ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 9 ๋‚˜. ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • 11 ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 16 ๋‚˜. ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 2. ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต 25 ๊ฐ€. ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 24 ๋‚˜. ์Šค์บํด๋”ฉ 26 ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ 35 3. ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ 40 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 43 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 43 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 44 3. ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ 50 4. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 54 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 55 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€ 55 2. ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 58 3. ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 59 4. ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์›€์ถ”๊ตฌ-๋„์›€์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 60 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  63 1. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 63 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œ์–ธ 66 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 67 Abstract 81Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๊น€ํ˜•์„.์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ถ€ ๋งค๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ถ€ ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ •์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ „์„ค์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์„ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•์ •์ฃผ์˜(๋ฏผ๋ฒ• ์ œ185์กฐ)์— ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ๋ก€๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฌํ•ด์— ๋™์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฐ–์— ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋กœ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์— ๋ช…๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •๋„ ์—†์ด ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ณด๋œ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› 2014. 4. 10. ์„ ๊ณ  2013๋‹ค61190 ํŒ๊ฒฐ). ์ด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€ ๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ถ€ ๋งค๋งค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๋งค๋„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ณด๋œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์€ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์ƒ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ํšŒ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•จ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋งค๋งค๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋™์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ทจ๊ถŒ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ทจ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ก ์„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์ง€์œ„, ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉยท์ˆ˜์ต์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ด€์˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์‹œ ํšก๋ น์ฃ„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ง‘ํ–‰์‹œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์ œ3์ž์ด์˜์˜ ์†Œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ก ์€ ์„ ๊ฒฐ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ œ๋„์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์Šน๋˜์–ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์—์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ• ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…๋ฒ•ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „ ๊ฐœ์ • ์ „์— ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๋ณด๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์— ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ๋งค๋„์ธ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ 1934๋…„ ํŒŒ๊ธฐ์›์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์™ธ๊ด€์ด ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ƒ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์žํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์—ฐ์‡„๋„์‚ฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1980๋…„ ์ž…๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ๋ฒ•์ „์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๊ทœ์œจ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 2006๋…„ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „์˜ ๊ฐœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ์œ ๋ณด๋œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ฌธํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ์Šน์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „ ์ œ2367์กฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ2372์กฐ). ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ถŒํ–‰์œ„๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒํ–‰์œ„์— ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๋œ ์ •์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์œ ๋ณด๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์‹œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ, ์ฆ‰ ํ™˜์ทจ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ธ์ •์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์›์น™์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์‹œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ํ™˜์ทจ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ด๋ณด(๋ฌผ)๊ถŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •์ง€์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ „์„ค ์ค‘ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ค์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ข…๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ์ •๋˜๋˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์„ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ทธ ์ธ์ •์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›๋„ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ํ™•์žฅํ˜•์ธ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋…์ผ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๋ก ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ „๋งค์•ฝ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์•ฝ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์›์น™์ ์ธ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธˆ์ „์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋กœ ์ „ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ์„œ ํšŒ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผํ’ˆ์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์™€ ๊ธˆ์ „์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ๋™์‹œ์ดํ–‰์˜ ํ•ญ๋ณ€์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋งค๋งค๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์˜๋ฌด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ธ๋„์˜๋ฌด๋งŒ์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ „์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ธ‰๋ถ€์˜๋ฌด์ธ ๋งค๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์˜๋ฌด์™€ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ธ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์ดํ–‰์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ดํ–‰์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์ดํ–‰์„ ๊ด€์ฒ ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋ถ€ ๋งค๋งค์˜ ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์•ฝ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋งค์•ฝ์ •์„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ์ „ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ณ„์•ฝ์ฒด๊ฒฐ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ดํ–‰์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ํ•ด์ œ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ(์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž ํšŒ์ƒ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ119์กฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ335์กฐ), ํ›„์ž๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ดํ–‰์Œ๋ฌด๊ณ„์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ณด๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด์  ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™˜์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ์ • 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ์„ค 5 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋กœ๋งˆ๋ฒ• 6 โ… . ์„œ์„ค 6 โ…ก. ๋งค๋งค์‹คํšจ์•ฝ๊ด€(lex commissoria) 9 โ…ข. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜(pactum reservati dominii) 11 โ…ฃ. ์‹ ํƒ์  ๋‹ด๋ณด(fiducia cum creditore) 13 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งŒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ณ ๋ฒ• 15 โ… . ์ •๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์œ ๋ณด(vorbehaltene Rente) 15 โ…ก. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ด€์Šต๋ฒ• 16 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€ 18 โ… . ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค 18 โ…ก. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ 21 โ…ข. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 23 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 33 ์ œ3์žฅ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด 35 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„œ๋ก  35 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „ ๊ฐœ์ • ์ „์˜ ๋„์‚ฐ๋ฒ•์ƒ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์ƒํ™ฉ 36 โ… . ์„œ์„ค 36 โ…ก. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 37 โ…ข. ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ๋ ฅ 45 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „์ƒ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์Šน์ธ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ก  56 โ… . ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „ ๊ฐœ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์Šน์ธ 56 โ…ก. ์˜์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ • 69 โ…ข. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ๋ก  73 ์ œ4์ ˆ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „ ๊ฐœ์ • ํ›„์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด 81 โ… . ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ 81 โ…ก. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 90 โ…ข. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ณต์‹œ 97 โ…ฃ. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 104 โ…ค. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ 116 โ…ฅ. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ 146 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 147 ์ œ4์žฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด 149 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 149 โ… . ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์•ฝ์ •์˜ ์ด์šฉ 149 โ…ก. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 153 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ข…๋ž˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ 164 โ… . ์ข…๋ž˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ํŠน์ง• 164 โ…ก. ํ•™์„ค 165 โ…ข. ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 173 โ…ฃ. ํ•™์„ค์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  176 โ…ค. ๊ฐ ํ•™์„ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  181 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 195 โ… . ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋ฒ•์ ์„ฑ์งˆ 195 โ…ก. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 199 โ…ข. ์‚ฌ๊ฒฌ โ€“ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์™€ ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์— ์ค€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ 217 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ํ•ด์„ 219 โ… . ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 219 โ…ก. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ 226 โ…ข. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ๊ณต์‹œ 230 โ…ฃ. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ 234 โ…ค. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ 253 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 260 โ… . ์„œ์„ค 260 โ…ก. ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ 261 โ…ข. ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‚ฐ์ ˆ์ฐจ 279 ์ œ6์ ˆ ์ž…๋ฒ•์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ 282 โ… . ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ถŒ์˜ ์ธ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฌธ์ œ 282 โ…ก. ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 283 โ…ข. ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 284 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  287 [๋ถ€๋ก] ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น 292 1. ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐํ˜๋ฒ•๋ น 292 2. ํ˜„ํ–‰๋ฒ•์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์œ ๋ณด ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ • 299Docto

    ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์–‘์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ์กฐ์„ฑ์ผ.Introduction: A growing burden and impact of hypertension and diabetes has led to a growing interest in its management. Chronic illness self-management supports patients with chronic conditions to have the best possible quality of life, improving health behaviors and decreasing the frequency of hospitalization (Bodenheimer et al., 2002). To implement effective self-management, more socialized understanding of the process is required (Gately et al., 2007). Several studies have indicated that socioeconomic status (SES) has a relationship with social capital (Glanz et al., 2002Barlow, 2002) and influence the adherence ability to manage chronic illness (Goldman & Smith, 2002). Furthermore, "satisfaction" is the outcome of social capital (Harpham, 2002) as well as it decides treatment compliance and accessibility to health care (Hjortdahl & Laerum, 1992). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between social capital and self-management of patients with hypertension and diabetesfurthermore investigate the differences in association by SESand clarify the mediating effect of "satisfaction". Methods: The data used in this study came from the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) of 2011, and the region was restricted to 8 districts of Seoul. The subject criteria was prevalence of hypertension and/or diabetes and adults aged 30 and above. Following Putnams notion, social capital was defined in terms of trust, reciprocity, networks, and participation, andTaking medication, following non-medication therapy, and attending to self-management education were set as management matters of chronic illness. Breslow-Day test and Mantel-Haenszel test were used in SES stratification analysis, and mediating effect of satisfaction was analyzed based on Baron & Kennys approach. Logistic regression was performed for analyzing adjusted association between variables. All analytic processes were performed using the statistical program SAS version 9.3. Results: Hypertension patients were mostly dependent on medication for self-care, rather diabetes group attempted to manage their disease with more diverse manners including attending education. Generally, comorbidity group indicated better self-management aspects than those with single disease. Intimate and homogenous ties were predominant among participation (e.g. friendship activities: 56.97%) and network (e.g. family network: 79.26%). There are significant differences between social capital and self-management distribution by SES and several combinations indicate positive effect for high SES group only. And satisfaction came into mediator between trust and non-medication. After adjustment for confounding factors, network still had association with medication (OR 1.46, 95%CI 0.93-2.28, p<0.1), and participation with non-Medication (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.03-1.84, p<0.05). Conclusion: The structural social capital comprised of participation and network, tend to have positive effects on chronic illness self-management than cognitive social capital based on trust and reciprocity. The distribution and effectiveness of social capital and self-management manner depend on SES. In other words, high SES group manage chronic condition using their social resources (e.g. social capital and SES itself) properly, while low SES group have difficulty in achieving benefit of social capital due to a lack of their capacity. That is, low SES could be a barrier to take advantage of social capital on self-management, and it can broaden the health inequality between SES groups. We need to understand social context for chronic illness self-management and bring social capital strategies into self-management paradigm for enhancing patients' efficacy and management efficiency.Chapter1. Introduction 1.1. Background - 1 1.2. Objective - 3 1.3. Literature Review - 4 1.3.1. Chronic illness self-management - 4 1.3.2. Social capital - 8 1.3.3. Social capital and health - 14 1.3.4. Social capital and chronic self-management - 16 Chapter2. Methods 2.1. Study design and hypotheses - 19 2.2. Data collection - 23 2.3. Variables - 24 2.4. Statistical Analysis - 29 Chapter3. Results 3.1. Demographics - 34 3.2. Degree of Social capital and Satisfaction - 40 3.3. Social capital and self-management distribution by SES - 43 3.4. Association between social capital and chronic illness self-management - 46 Chapter4. Discussion and Conclusion 4.1. Discussion on data and analyzing methods - 56 4.2. Discussion of the results - 58 4.3. Conclusion - 65 Reference - 67 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก - 75Maste

    - ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ, 2022.2. ์กฐ์šฉํ™˜.Human beings are born in a specific world and learn the culture of that world, learn how to live, and realize new possibilities. Culture can sustain its existence and value through the process of being actively enjoyed and re-created through generations. However, in order for culture to travel like this, heterogeneous entities are needed that make concrete experiences and actions possible. To experience and enjoy culture in daily life is not through cognitively accepting rules or systems of meaning but through active interactions with things and people that shape everyday life. Therefore, in order to understand how the practice of education, which teaches and learns culture, realizes new possibilities, and makes a change into a better being, is manifested in a specific time and space, it is necessary to look at the specific situation formed through the relationship between things and people. This study tried to reveal how knowledge and education are practiced in the entanglement of things and humans through a case of sustaining Korean woodworking culture. JJamachum woodworking was a woodworking culture that blossomed during the Joseon Dynasty, and was maintained by a small number of craftsmen as the necessity and value of manual work was underestimated through the period of modernization and industrialization. However, around the 2000s, ordinary people who are interested in woodworking have not only learned woodworking and made new pieces of the woodwork but have also been actively communicating by registering and sharing the production process and works online. In this study, in order to examine the relationship between things and people that made this process possible, the JJamachum education center was selected as a research site, and long-term participatory observation, in-depth interviews with instructors and learners, and online and offline field data surveys were conducted. Through the research, it was possible to discover important events in the process of teaching the knowledge of woodworking to future generations by Baek Man-ki who learned woodworking from Jo Seok-jin. The world of woodworking was not given as a fixed entity from Jo Seok-jin to Baek Man-ki and from Baek Man-ki to subsequent generations but was constantly changing as it was recontextualized in the entanglement of things and people. The recontextualization of the woodworking world can be divided into four major categories. First, through the 'revival of hand tools,' how hand tools, which only a few craftsmen know and were not shared in a closed culture, came to be, and how it was shared with previous generations. I could understand what the difference was. Today, hand tools such as marking knives and planes have become accessible to anyone who wants to learn crafting woodworking as they are connected to Baek Man-ki, books, QR codes, internet cafes, and YouTube. And the way the instructor learned while watching how to use hand tools changed to teaching and learning with systematically organized principles and verbal expressions. Next, 'change of tree' revealed what kind of materiality the wood used in today's carpentry workshops had, and the changed knowledge and practice of education through these trees. As learners in the carpentry workshop use sawn wood, opportunities to participate in making good wood such as logging, sawing, drying and maturation are limited, and their skills and knowledge of handling wood are changing. This situation of wood has two aspects: on the one hand, the possibility of more convenient access to woodworking is obtained through an easy-to-use wood, but on the other hand, teaching and learning the power or knowledge of seeing wood is excluded. The recontextualization of the world of woodworking was next to be found in 'the creating of an educational place'. The arrangement of the place called JJamachum education center was involved in pursuing the values of education such as openness, exchange, and time for sufficient skill. In addition, in the JJamachum education center, which does not aim to produce and sell works or products, they were learning in a style of school class through educational activities such as lectures, demonstrations, practice, one-on-one lessons, and joint feedback, rather than observing the professor's work process. These educational activities were being ordered together with things such as the teacher's workbench, the blackboard, and the learner's personal workbench. On the other hand, the JJamachum education center is a place to teach in-depth principles rather than simple usage, but as a membership wood workshop, it can be seen that it can be a different place depending on the expectations and goals of the learners. Finally, in 'creating a new tradition', we could see how JJamachum furniture is changing today, and the world of woodworking is being recontextualized as the people who make it go online and offline to create a new tradition. JJamachum furniture was made differently according to today's furniture, living environment, tastes, and interests, not in a way that reproduces the things of the Joseon Dynasty as it is. In addition, the people at the JJamachum education center were making their own furniture by using apps such as Pinterest on their smartphones to search for and transform images needed for custom woodworking. Apps such as Pinterest were contributing to broadening the knowledge of furniture design, but on the other hand, due to the properties of wood that cannot be seen through images alone, they were making it necessary to teach the experts. Meanwhile, people were sharing and empathizing with the process and results of woodworking through apps such as Instagram, connecting teaching and learning of woodworking both in and off-line as well as at the JJamachum education center. The world of woodworking and the practice of knowledge and education within it were recontextualized according to when, how, and where they were connected with various materials. In this regard, in the practice of education, it was discussed that materials such as things are not passively given or the cause of change, but have the power to bring about change in the practice of education by making large and small differences in relationships with humans. And knowledge is not in the head or in a book, but in a specific situation, the type and scope of the knowledge change depending on the various materials that make it possible, and it has a unique boundary. Therefore, it was discussed that the interaction with things that enable the process of knowing something should be considered more important than knowledge as a result. This study is meaningful in that it revealed as a concrete case that the problem of what is the practice of knowledge and education that we can participate in and how to make it possible cannot be separated from the relationship with materials such as things.์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์œ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๊ณต ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ณ€์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ฝํž˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์•Ž๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์€ ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฝƒํ”ผ์šด ๋ชฉ๊ณต ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฅ์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ช…๋งฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 2000๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๋ชฉ๊ณต์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์ž์™€์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜„์ง€์ž๋ฃŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์„ ์กฐ์„์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์•Ž์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์กฐ์„์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ, ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ›„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์‹ค์ฒด๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์–ฝํž˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋จผ์ € โ€˜์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ™œโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์žฅ์ธ๋“ค๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋จน๊ธˆ์นผ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํŒจ๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ธฐ, ์ฑ…, QR์ฝ”๋“œ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์นดํŽ˜, ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”โ€™๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ชฉ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์•Ž๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ์ œ์žฌ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ, ์ œ์žฌ, ๊ฑด์กฐ, ์ˆ™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์•Ž๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ฑ์€ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋‚˜ ์•Ž์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๊ต์œก ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒโ€™์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ, ๊ต๋ฅ˜, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ™๋ จ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ์‹œ๋ฒ”, ์‹ค์Šต, ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ๋ ˆ์Šจ, ๊ณต๋™ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์—…์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž ์ž‘์—…๋Œ€, ์น ํŒ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ž‘์—…๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งˆ์„œํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฅ์†Œํ™” ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํšŒ์›์ œ ๋ชฉ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ†ต ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐโ€™์—์„œ๋Š” ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ-์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์ทจํ–ฅ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•€ํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์„ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•€ํ„ฐ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Ž์„ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ™๋ จ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์งœ๋งž์ถค ์ „์ˆ˜๊ด€์—์„œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์•Ž๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•Ž์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ ์†์ด๋‚˜ ์ฑ…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Ž๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 6 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€์  8 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 โ…ก. ๋ชฉ๊ณต ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ 41 1. ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ 41 1) ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ํŠน์ง• 41 2) ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต๊ณผ DIY๋ฌธํ™” 47 2. ์งœ๋งž์ถค ๋ชฉ๊ณต์˜ ์ด๋™ 58 โ…ข. ๋ชฉ๊ณต ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฌ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”์™€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ 64 1. ์ˆ˜๊ณต๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ™œ 64 1) ์•Ž์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” 65 2) ํ›„์†์„ธ๋Œ€์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ 88 2. ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 100 1) ๋ชฉ๊ณต๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด 102 2) ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ์ง€์‹ 115 3. ๊ต์œก ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ 128 1) ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” 129 2) ์ข…์ ยทํšก์  ์—ฐ๋Œ€ 141 4. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ†ต ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 165 1) ์งœ๋งž์ถค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 165 2) ์˜จ-์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ๋ชฉ๊ณต 172 โ…ฃ. ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 181 1. ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ฑ 182 2. ์•Ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋“ค 189 โ…ค. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  193 1. ์š”์•ฝ 193 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  196 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 201 Abstract 215๋ฐ•

    ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ benzothiazol์˜ ์–ต์ œ๋Šฅ

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    Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์นจ์ฐฉ์—๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ  ์‘์ง‘์ฒด(neurofibrillary tangle; NFT)์™€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋ฐ˜(senile plaque)์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฌ์œ  ์‘์ง‘์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์†Œ๊ด€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ํƒ€์šฐ(tau)๊ฐ€, ๋…ธ์ธ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ ํŽฉํƒ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” PC12 ์„ธํฌ์™€ ํ”ผ์งˆ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ benzothiazol์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ธ KHG21834์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. PC12 ์„ธํฌ์— ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์œ ๋„์˜ apoptosis์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ธ DNA ๋ถ„์ ˆ๋Šฅ๊ณผ TUNEL assay ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 50ฮผM์˜ KHG21834 ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ PC12 ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์œ ๋„ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 82% ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์งˆ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ KHG21834 ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์œ ๋„์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋…์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ TUNEL assay ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ๊ณผ MAP-2 ๋ฐœํ˜„๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TH ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌํ™”ํ•™ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ๋Œ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ํ‰๊ท ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 6%์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ดํ›„์— KHG21834๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์–ต์ œ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 79% ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , Western blotting ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ TH-๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์ด ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35)์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œจ์ด 60% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ KHG21834์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. KHG21834๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ”ผ์งˆ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ [3H]GABA์™€ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ [3H]DA์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ์œจ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35)๋กœ ERK1/2๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ KHG21834์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ERK1/2 ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์œ ๋„ ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฅผ KHG21834์— ์˜ํ•ด ERK 1์€ ERK 2์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ KHG21834๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์™€ ํ”ผ์งˆ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฒ ํƒ€-์•„๋ฐ€๋กœ์ด๋“œ(25-35) ์œ ๋„๋œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ‡ดํ–‰ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]In this study, I have investigated the effects of KHG21834, a benzothiazole derivative, on beta amyloid (AB25-35)-induced cell death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and rat cortical and mescencephalic neuron-glia cultures. KHG21834 reduced the AB25-35-induced apoptotic death in PC12 cells determined by characteristic morphological alterations and positive in situ terminal end-labeling. The presence of 50 uM KHG21834 rescued PC12 cells by 82% from AB25-35-induced cytotoxicity. In the cortical neuron-glia cultures, KHG21834 markedly reduced the AB25-35-induced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. AB25-35-caused reduction in microtubule associated protein-2 expression was effectively prevented in the presence of KHG21834. While the average dendrite length of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive neurons in the AB25-35-treated mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures was 6% of that of cultures. The cultures treated with KHG21834 after AB25-35 treatment was 79% of control. Western blot analysis of rat mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures showed that AB25-35 decreased the expression of TH protein by 60% and KHG21834 significantly attenuated the AB25-35-induced reduction of the TH expression. KHG21834 also effectively attenuated AB25-35-induced decrease in [3H] gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake of cortical neuron-glia cultures and in [3H] dopamine uptake of mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. Moreover, treatment of KHG21834 blocked AB-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. ERK1 was more sensitively affected than ERK2 in attenuation of AB25-35-induced phosphorylation by KHG21834. These results demonstrated that KHG21834 were capable of protecting cortical and mesencephalic neurons from AB25-35-induced degeneration.ope

    ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ๋งค๊ฐœ ํ‡ดํ–‰ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Thiazole ์œ ๋„์ฒด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ

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    Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌCentral nervous system (CNS) inflammation mediated by activation of microglia has been known as one of the key events in the early stages of the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Fully effective anti-neuroinflammatory strategies have not yet been developed despite the abundance of data on the subject and so the systematic search for new anti-neuroinflammatory compounds is still matter of intense research. I have been interested in the development of effective anti-neuroinflammatory drugs, and have examined various thiazole derivatives in neuronal cells. Thiazole derivatives are very interesting molecules for drug development, because they have been previously shown to be useful for treating various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, its mechanisms of action have not yet been completely elucidated. In addition, testing structurally distinct classes will be necessary to strengthen our therapeutic concept. In this study, I investigated the effects of thiazole derivative drugs (KHG21834, KHG25857, KHG25967, or KHG24033) on ฮฒ-amyloid (Aฮฒ)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, glutamate-, or oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that thiazole derivatives effectively prevented inflammatory stimuli-induced intracellular Ca2+ influx and reduced the subsequent overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-ฮฑ (TNF-ฮฑ), interlukin-1ฮฒ (IL-1ฮฒ), nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thiazole derivatives blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), NF-kB and Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, thiazole derivatives preserved the mitochondrial potential and inhibited the overproduction of cytochrome c. Thiazole derivatives inhibited Aฮฒ-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells. Thiazole derivatives attenuated the H2O2-induced reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities. Thiazole derivatives also reduced H2O2-induced increases in ROS levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results in the present work showed that thiazole derivates effectively protected against Aฮฒ-, LPS-, glutamate-, or oxidative stress-induced neuroinflammation. Among the drugs tested, KHG25857 showed the best anti-inflammatory effects on neuronal cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this compound in neurodegenerative diseases.restrictio

    ๆŒ‡ๅๅ‚ตๆฌŠ่ฎ“ๆธก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ "็•ฐ่ญฐ๋ฅผ ็•™ไฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•œ ๆ‰ฟ่ซพ"์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2008.2Maste

    (The) weight control behaviors of body-image in high school girls

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    ์—ญํ•™ํ†ต๊ณ„์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹, ๋น„๋งŒ๋„์™€ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ 280๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ž…์‹ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , SAS ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฒ€์ • ๋ฐ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ '๋งค์šฐ ๋ง๋ž๋‹ค'์™€ '๋ง๋ž๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 13.0%, 'ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 40.6%, '์‚ด์ฐ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค'์™€ '๋น„๋งŒ์ด๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ 46.4%์˜€๋‹ค. BMI ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๋Š” ์ €์ฒด์ค‘ 14.2%, ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘ 79.5%, ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘ 6.3%์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์‚ด์ฐ ํŽธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.2. ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ '๋งŒ์กฑ' 14.0%, '๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ' 86.0%๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚ค 166.9cm, ์ฒด์ค‘ 47.9kg, ๋น„๋งŒ๋„ 17.2kg/m2๋กœ ์ €์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์›ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ฒดํ˜•์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ 49.6%๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์šด๋™(78.2%), ์‹์ด์š”๋ฒ•(72.9%), ๊ธฐํƒ€์š”๋ฒ•(3.7%), ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์š”๋ฒ•(2.2%), ๋น„๋งŒ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ(1.5%)์œผ๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.4. ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ '์‚ด์ฐ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค'์™€ '๋น„๋งŒ์ด๋‹ค'๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์ด ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘(ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘์˜ ์ฐจ์ด)์ด ํฐ ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์ด ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๋˜ํ•œ ๋น„๋งŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์ด ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒดํ˜• ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ(body-esteem)๊ณผ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.5. ํ•™๋…„, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…, ๋น„๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ, ๋น„๋งŒ๋„, ์ฒดํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹, ์ฒดํ˜• ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„ ์œ ,๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒด์ค‘์กฐ์ ˆํ–‰์œ„์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ฒด์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p<0.05).๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์ž ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ‚ค์™€ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธก์ •์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฉด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), the perception of body-image and the weight control behaviors in high school girls. The convenience sample was consisted of 278 first and second grade high school girls in Seoul. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire from Apr 08 to Apr 10 in 2005.BMI was calculated by using self-reported body weight and height. Three questions were asked to measure the perception, the satisfaction of body-image and weight control behaviors. Preferred body-image was measured using somatotype drawing developed by Soren et al. The excessive weight (the difference between current weight and wanted weight) was measured. Mendelson's body-esteem score tested by Jin Ah Park was utilized to measure body-esteem.The data were analyzed using SAS program with descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Logistic regression.The results of this study were as follows:1. The percentage of the subjects who perceived themselves as 'very thin' and 'thin' were 13.0%, who thought themselves as 'normal' were 40.6%, who answered themselves as 'fat' and 'very fat' were 46.4%. However, the calculated BMI showed that under weight was 14.2%, normal weight was 79.5%, overweight was 6.3%. The subject recognized herself as 'fat' and 'obesity' rather than BMI.2. The subjects who were satisfied with body-image were 14.0%, while who were dissatisfied were 86.0%. The average of wanted height was 166.9cm and the average of wanted weight was 47.9kg. Based on wanted weight and height, BMI was 17.2kg/m2 which was considered as under weight. The most of subjects selected thin body-image from somatotype.3. The percentage of the subjects said that they tried one or more weight control behaviors were 49.6%. The most popular method was exercise, 78.2% followed by food diet, 72.9%, weight control drugs, 2.2%, use of weight control clinic, 1.5% and others, 3.7%.4. The subjects felt themselves as 'fat' and 'obese' tried weight control behaviors more frequently. And the subjects who were not satisfied with body-image, wanted weight loss and had great difference excessive weight tried weight control behaviors more. Also these results were statistically significant (p<0.05). But, body-esteem for weight control was not statistically significant.5. The result of logistic regression showed that family income and excessive weight were associated to weight control behaviors. And this result was statistically significant (p<0.05).Based on this study, health providers need to educate high school girls about right body-image and weight control behaviors. Also, more studies might be needed to measure more accurate and objective obesity and to ponder what other factors affect weight control behaviors.ope

    Cost-effective analysis of first-line antihypertensive agents

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ(์˜ˆ๋ฐฉยท์ž„์ƒ์•ฝํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ์‹ ์™„๊ท .์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•ฝ์ œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ง€์ถœ๋„ ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์ œ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์ด ๋งคํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์•ฝ์ œ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ง„๋ฃŒ์ง€์นจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋‡จ์ œ(Diuretics), ๋ฒ ํƒ€์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ(BB), ์นผ์Š˜ํ†ต๋กœ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ(CCB), ์•ค์ง€์˜คํ…์‹  ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ(ARB), ์•ˆ์ง€์˜คํ…์‹ ์ „ํ™˜ํšจ์†Œ์–ต์ œ์ œ (ACEI) ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์ œ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ 1๊ฐœ๋ฅผ 1์ฐจ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ์ œ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜ˆ์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„์งˆํ™˜(๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์ด๋‚˜ ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์งˆํ™˜) ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์•ฝ์ œ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ณ„์—ด๋ณ„๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2010-2012๋…„ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” 45์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค 4008๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋งˆ์ฝ”๋ธŒ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 20๋…„ ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์—ด๋ณ„ ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ์ œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•œ ๋’ค ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถ”์ • ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํšจ๊ณผ(QALY)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ์ด๋‡จ์ œ(2.937)์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์€ CCB(2.933), BB(2.902)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์€ ARB ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ 39,016,295์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด๋‡จ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ 32,687,692์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋œ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ-ํšจ๊ณผ๋น„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์šฉ-ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ œ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋‡จ์ œ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ-ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฒ ํƒ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ˆซ์ž์— ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋‡จ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์šฉ-ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ œ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.์ดˆ๋ก...........................................................................................ii ๋ชฉ์ฐจ .......................................................................................iv ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ................................................................................v ์„œ๋ฌธ...........................................................................................1 ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• .........................................................................................3 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ.........................................................................................13 ๊ณ ์ฐฐ .......................................................................................35 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  .......................................................................................40 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ...............................................................................41 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ...............................................................................45Maste
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