日本“肯定列表制度”对中日农产品贸易影响

中国作为发展中国家,在技术标准的制定以及产品检验方面与发达国家还存在一定的差距,中国仍然是技术标准的接受者,而不是技术标准的制定者。发达国家指定的这些技术标准对中国的对外贸易已经产生了许多重要的影响,本文希望通过对技术壁垒下对中国对日本农产品出口的影响来分析,具体分析"肯定列表制度"技术壁垒下对我国出口日本农产品的影响,并希望提出我国应对这类技术贸易壁垒的对策

The Design of China’s Personal Income Tax and Its Redistributive Effect: Empirical Evidence and Policy Simulation

在经济发展取得举世瞩目成就的同时，我国贫富两极分化的情况也越来越明显，已经影响到整个社会的公平正义和稳定。2011年发布的“十二五”规划提出要尽快扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势的目标，并强调要发挥个人所得税在完善再分配调节机制的作用。那么，该如何设计合理的个人所得税制度以实现该目标？本文在个人所得税实行综合征收等假设前提下，借鉴国际上个人所得税制度代表性国家的经验，设计三种个人所得税制度方案，并通过模拟分析方法对其收入分配效应进行模拟，据此提出适合中国当前国情的个人所得税制度改革方向。论文包括五章：第一章为绪论，主要介绍本文的研究背景和意义，同时进行文献综述，并介绍本研究的研究方法和研究思路。第二章...While China has made remarkable achievement in the economic development, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening which has already confined the justice and the stability of the society as a whole. The 12th Five-year Plan released in 2011 emphasized the importance of the income distribution. Regulate distribution of income distribution, strengthening tax adjustment function, regulate high...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院财政系_财政学(含税收学)学号：1552009115156

知识付费产品销量影响因素研究:以知乎Live为例

伴随着在线知识付费平台的蓬勃发展,基于互联网的知识付费市场正在迅速成长。通过知识付费平台,用户可以轻松便捷的分享知识,藉此获得收入;用户也可以付费或者免费收听他人分享的知识。目前在线虚拟社区中的知识付费研究主要集中探究知识提供者生产意愿的影响因素。从知识消费者角度出发,探究其对新兴知识产品付费意愿及知识产品销量影响因素的研究还相对较少。本文以社区直播类知识付费平台知乎Live为研究对象,根据其实际运营数据,构建基于信号理论的模型并提出假设,探究知识产品(如Live)价格对其销量的影响。本文研究发现,价格对知识产品销量有负向影响,但是当产品评论数量足够多时,价格对销量的负向影响减弱。对于知识这种特殊的商品,在不同的情境下价格对知识消费者是成本信号与质量信号的混合。本研究对现有文献做出了补充,同时可帮助知识付费平台更精准地对产品销量进行预测;同时对知识分享者、消费者提供建议,引导其更高效的完成知识交易。国家自然科学基金资助项目(91746103、91546107、71572166、71301133);;福州市社会科学规划重大项目(2017FZA05

Several Problems in the Transition of VAT

本文分析了我国增值税改革的必要性,针对现有生产型增值税税收政策中存在的不足,及增值税转型过程中可能对我国造成的负面影响,提出应当坚持循序渐进、从实际出发和中性原则,在增值税改革中注意营造完善的市场体系,分阶段扩大增值税的征收范围,加强税收征收管理,综合配套,综合实施,争取把增值税改革成本控制在最小。This article analyses the necessity of VAT reform in our country and points out the deficiencies in the existent VAT policy and the unfavorable influences of our VAT transition. Depending on these analyses, the article puts forward several suggestions such as building a perfect market system, extending the range of VAT by steps, improving the management of taxation, coordinating and implementing comprehensively, so as to minimize the cost of VAT reform

Scene Recognition Based on Partially Connected Neural Network

目前基于图像的场景识别的方法都依赖于对图像特征的选取及特征数目的精简.提出了一种基于部分连接演化神经网络模型来进行图像场景识别的新方法:不对图像进行特征提取,而是将待识别图像的每个像素都作为神经网络的输入.为了克服新方法由于大量神经元引起的模型训练时间过长问题,将基于C语言计算架构的演化神经网络模型创造性地移植到基于图形处理器(gPu)的通用并行计算构架(CudA),神经网络的演化训练速度提高200倍以上.在实验中,尽管输入的图像大小达到300x400像素(120 000个输入神经元),但CudA的部分连接演化神经网络对场景图像有较强的识别能力,对亮度、缩放、旋转等变化也有较好的鲁棒性.At precent,the method of scene recognition which is based on images is dependent on the selection of images features and the number of characteristics.This paper presents a partially connected evolutionary neural network model to recognite scene:It doesn′t extract feature from the images.but make each pixel as the input of neural network.In order to overcome the problem of the new method that the time of model training was too long,which caused by large number of neurons.In this paper,we put the partially connected evolutionary neural network which based on C language computing architecture to CUDA computing architecture,the evolution training of neural network had improved 200 times.In the experiment,although the input image size are 300×400 pixels(120 000 input neurons),but partially connected evolutionary neural network which based on CUDA architecture has not only a strong recognition ability in scene recognition,but also has good robustness against image transformation such as illumination,rotation and scale transformation.国家自然科学基金(60975084);福建省自然科学基金(2009J01305

The Adaptation of Dynamic Test Using the Inventory of Piaget＇s Developmental Task（IPDT）：An Initial Validation and Application

本研究旨在将&quot;儿童认知发展水平诊断工具&quot;(Inventory of Piaget&rsquo;s Developmental Task,IPDT)中的守恒与关系领域分测验改编成动态测验,并应用于不同程度学业成绩儿童当中以探查其认知发展的潜在水平。在实验研究基础上结合以往动态测验的编制技术,把动态施测过程分为&quot;前测&mdash;干预&mdash;迁移&mdash;后测&quot;4个阶段,分别确定各阶段的测题并构建了6等级提示系统。在中等学业成绩儿童(n=33)和低学业成绩儿童(n=35)中的应用发现,动态测验测得的能力获得变量对儿童的学业成绩具有重要的预测作用,证实了所改编测验的有效性;动态测验情境下中、低学业成绩儿童的潜在认知水平基本相同,所改编的动态测验有助于发掘儿童的潜在认知发展水平。;To understand children＇s cognitive development,there is an increasing need for developing and validating assessment and diagnostic methods in both research and education practices.The conventional static tests focus on a particular state of ability development,rather than children＇s potential ability.Building on Vygotsky＇s concept of ＂Zone of Proximal Development（ZPD）＂,dynamic testing has the potential to detect latent capacity of development,thus providing a way to more comprehensively assess children＇s cognitive capacity.Most of dynamic tests were usually adaptations of classical intelligence test tasks,exploring children＇s latent capacity by dynamic assessment method.So,the purpose of the current study was to develop and standardize a new dynamic test based on conservation and relation domain assessment adapted from the Inventory of Piaget＇s Developmental Tasks（IPDT）,and to examine the validity of this new dynamic test with a sample of children with relatively low academic achievement.To validate the new dynamic test,fifty-four eight or nine years old children were randomly selected from the third grade in two public elementary schools.The dynamic testing involved four stages：pretest,intervention,modifiable,and posttest;each with a different set of testing questions.In accordance with their test performance,the participants also received six different levels of clues,developed based on theories of cognitive development as well as prior dynamic tests in other domains.The results showed that with the incremental steps of intervention in response children＇s performance,their performance gradually improved,providing some initial evidence for the validity of this new test.The validated dynamic test was first administered to two groups of eight and nine years old children：the experimental group（n = 35） children with relatively lower academic achievement,and the control group（n = 33） with relatively moderate levels of academic achievement.The results of the 2 &times; 2 ANOVAs with the pretest scores revealed significant main effect of group（F（1,64） = 80.28,p 0.01）,suggesting that the low achieving group had lower pretest scores than the moderate achieving group.The results of the ANCOVAs with the posttest scores,which controlled for the pretest scores,found no main effect of group（F（1,64） = 1.89,p 0.05）.However,it required more intervention steps for the low achieving group gain similar performance to the moderating achieving group.The results of the ANOVAs with the transfer scores identified a significant interaction between group and children＇s（F（1,64） = 4.84,p 0.05）.The follow-up simple effect tests showed that the near transfer scores for eight but not nine years old children from the low achieving group were higher than the scores for the moderating achieving group.There was no main effect of group for the far transfer scores（F（1,64） = 0.03,p 0.05）,suggesting that the low achieving children did not necessarily perform worse in new task domains than the moderating achieving children.Furthermore,Regression analysis found that children＇s ability acquisition variable from dynamic testing had a significant predictive effect on their academic achievement.Taken together,two conclusions can be drawn based on our findings.First,the current study provided initial evidence for the validity of revised IPDT-conservation and relation domain tests,suggesting that（1） the dynamic test has the potential to more comprehensively assess latent cognitive capacity in children with relatively low academic achievement,and（2） the dynamic test may be similarly applied in other domains of IPDT.Second,despite their relatively inferior performance in current capacity tests,children with lower academic achievement,may not differ from children with relatively higher academic achievement in latent capacity,suggesting the potential to improve these children＇s performance using appropriate intervention and training.</p

GC-RAIS: Garbage Collection Aware and Redundant Array of Independent SSDs

垃圾回收操作会显著影响固态盘的性能,进而导致固态盘阵列的性能波动.为此,提出一种基于垃圾回收感知的磁盘阵列(gC-rAIS),充分利用固态盘的高随机读特性和固态盘阵列中的热备份盘,以减轻垃圾回收操作对固态盘阵列性能波动的负面影响.当固态盘阵列中某个固态盘正在处理垃圾回收操作时,对于到达该固态盘的读请求采用重构方式处理,即读取同一条带上其他固态盘上的数据重构得到,而对于到达该固态盘的写请求则将写数据临时存放在热备盘中,并更新相应的校验信息.当垃圾回收过程结束后,将被重定向的写数据写回到正确的固态盘中.仿真实验结果表明相对局部垃圾回收lgC策略和全局垃圾回收ggC策略,gC-rAIS分别减少用户I/O请求的平均响应时间达55%和25%.SSDs are popular in large-scale storage systems to accelerate the system performance because a single SSD cannot satisfy the performance, capacity and reliability requirements of data-intensive computing applications.Thus applying RAID algorithms to SSDs is necessary and promising to build high performance, high capacity and highly reliable SSD-based storage systems.However, garbage collection operations in SSDs have a significant impact on the SSD performance, thus leading to the performance variability in redundant array of independent SSDs (RAIS).To address this problem, GC-RAIS exploits the high random-read performance characteristics of SSDs and the hot-spare SSD in RAIS to alleviate the negative impact of GC operations on the RAIS performance.When an SSD is in the GC state, the incoming read requests to this SSD are serviced by reconstructing the read data from the other SSDs in the same stripe (read reconstruction), while the incoming write data is temporally stored on the hot-spare SSD and the corresponding parity is concurrently updated (write redirection).After the GC process completes, the redirected write data is reclaimed to its correct SSD.The original DiskSim and the MSR SSD simulator are extended to implement the proposed GC-RAIS and the GC-RAIS performance is evaluated with the HPC-like and enterprise realistic workloads.The simulation results show that GC-RAIS significantly outperforms the local garbage collection (LGC) and the global garbage collection (GGC) by 55% and 25% on average, respectively.Moreover, GC-RAIS reduces the performance variability for a wide variety of HPC-like and enterprise realistic workloads.国家自然科学基金项目(61100033); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2010121066); 国家重大科学仪器设备开发项目(2011YQ03012417

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BILINGUALISM AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

双语与认知发展的关系一直是心理学家关注的一个重要问题。该文从双语的概念入手,介绍了双语的几种重要的分类、双语和认知发展及元语言意识发展的关系、相关的理论解释以及双语儿童认知优势的内在机制,最后对已有研究进行了评述并提出了需要进一步研究的问题

G因素:单一还是层次性组织的多个认知机能

摘要：从认知系统的层次观点出发,运用认知-测量相关研究范式,在对速度、工作记忆、语义记忆、控制机能、认知操作、知觉与智力测量的基础上,观察了认知机能与智力水平之间的关系,并讨论了各认知机能决定智力个体差异的作用机制.相关和偏相关、结构方程结果发现:各认知机能、认知操作与智力水平之间相关显著,而偏相关分析中各个认知机能与智力水平相关性不一;假设中的层次模型在路径分析中得到支持而且可以进一步简化,而速度模型和速度调节模型并没有得到支持.因此,影响智力个体差异的认知机能是多源的,各个认知机能以层次结构方式结合在一起影响智力个体差异,单一的认知机能并不能决定智力个体差异;工作记忆、控制机能、加工速度和操作间的结构关系对智力个体差异起主要影响作用,语义网络丰富性和知觉对智力个体差异影响起辅助作用. 更多还原</p

The Mechanism of Cognitive Styles and Operations Influencing on Individual Difference of Intelligence Level

该研究以探查不同智力水平群体的认知风格是否不同以及认知风格对智力个体差异的影响机制为目的,在256名14～15岁被试的韦氏智力测验和认知风格测量基础上,通过比较不同智商水平组的认知风格、观察认知风格与智商分数之间的相关、比较控制与未控制认知风格下认知操作与智商分数相关变化;结果发现不同智商群体各自的主导性认知风格迥异,控制认知风格下认知操作与智力水平之间相关显著降低;这说明认知风格以潜在、稳定的组织方式影响着认知操作,继而影响智力水平,认知操作相比于认知风格对智力个体差异的影响更为强大、直接