我国部分家鸭品种遗传多样性及与野鸭亲缘关系的探讨

厦门凯利公司的资

Effects of tributyltin on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the gill of hard clam Meretrix meretrix

在实验室条件下,观察质量浓度分别为高、中、低(0·1,1,10ng·L-1(以Sn计))3组的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果显示,除了高浓度TBT(10ng·L-1)暴露在早期(2d)对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性产生抑制之外,TBT暴露对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性的作用主要为诱导效应.在暴露8d后,MDA的含量表现出显著的诱导.恢复7d后除了高浓度组对MDA还有影响外,其它各指标均恢复到与对照组相当的水平.结果表明,环境水平的TBT暴露对文蛤产生明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在的生物标志物.The effects on catalase (CAT), glutathione -S-transferase(GST) activities and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) in the gill of Meretrix meretrix were evaluated, after it had exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at environmental levels (0.1, 1, 10 ng·L -1 as Sn) for 2, 8, 20 days and recovered for 7, 20 days, in experimental condition. The results showed that the activities of GST and CAT and GSH content in Meretrix meretrix exposed to TBT were principally induced, except that were mainly inhibited in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 for 2 days. MDA content were significantly induced after exposure for 8d. After the clams had been transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 days, the indexes were recovered to the level corresponding to the control group, except MDA content in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 was sequentially induced. These results in the present work showed that oxidative stress in Meretrix meretrix would be produced by exposure to TBT at realistic levels in the environment. The antioxidant defense systems could act as biomarkers to monitor marine contamination of organotins.厦门大学细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(No.2004109)~

Effects of tributyltin on alkaline phosphatase,aaciphosphatase andadenosine triphosphatase gill activity of digestive gland in clam Meretrix meretrix

在实验生态条件下,观察浓度分别为0.1、1.0和10ng/L的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃酸性磷酸酶(aaciphosphatase,ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,AKP)以及Na+,K+-ATPase活性的影响。结果显示在暴露早期TBT不影响ACP、AKP活性,暴露时间延长则主要表现出诱导作用。TBT具有抑制Na+、K+-ATPase活性作用,可观察效应浓度为0.1ng/L。Na+、K+-ATPase可作为一种潜在的有机锡污染监测的生物标志物。The effects on alkaline phosphatase, aaciphosphatase and Na~+K~+-ATPase activities in the gill of Meretrix meretrix, which was exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at the environmental levels (0.1ng/L, 1.0ng/L, 10ng/L as Sn) for 2, 8, 20 days and recovered for 7, 20 days, were evaluated. The results showed that the activities of alkaline phosphatase, aaciphosphatase were no effect at earlier exposure period, and were principally inducted with prolonged exposure time. The activities of Na~+,K~+-ATPase in Meretrix meretrix were inhibited after exposure to TBT. The lowest observable effect concentration for Na~+K~+-ATP were 0.1 ng /L. Na~+,K~+-ATPase could be a potential biomarkers to monitor the organotins pollution.厦门大学细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金资助(2004109

Enhancement of BOF Process and CO2-blown Slag Splashing for Protection of Furnace Lining and Its Wettability with Slag

节能减排已经成为国民经济和社会可持续发展的战略目标，钢铁冶金是高能耗高污染的传统行业，节能减排是解决钢铁工业能源短缺及温室气体排放问题的迫切需要。本文以炼钢过程高效化、节能降耗为目标开展研究工作，充分利用资源和能源，使工艺最佳化和环境生态化，对于转炉高效化冶炼以及资源的有效利用具有重要的理论意义和应用价值，对促进钢铁企业的节能降耗、环境友好和低碳经济可持续发展有着十分深远的意义。 本文系统开展了多股超音速射流特性、复吹转炉耦合强化冶炼过程、CO2溅渣护炉过程质能转换，炉渣与镁碳砖耐火材料的润湿机理等与炼钢过程密切相关的关键问题的研究，进行了转炉强化冶炼的应用研究，获得了显著的经济效益，促进了企业的节能降耗，并取得了以下创新性成果。 (1) 基于湍流射流理论，对超音速多股射流的流动特性进行了模拟研究，并设计了两种新参数四孔氧枪喷头对其进行了冷态测试。结果表明：射流中心线上的速度，随离出口距离的增大而减小，在30De前速度衰减很快；随着滞止压力的增大而增大。实验结果与计算结果吻合良好。同一喷枪，超音速射流动量传递系数Kj=-15.133Pos2+ 35.763Pos-10.26，射流中心偏转程度随着滞止压力增加而减小，净偏转量变化曲线与实验值相符合。将射流理论和数学模型计算密切联系炼钢过程，为氧枪和喷头的设计与改进提供重要参数，并为生产操作提供必要的理论依据。 (2) 采用冷态物理模拟方法，分别进行了顶吹射流供氧、底吹供气模式以及复吹耦合强化模拟研究，获得了转炉冶炼过程顶吹高效供氧与底吹供气耦合强化的优化工艺条件。结果表明：顶吹实验中随顶吹流量的增加及枪位的降低，混匀时间不是单调降低的，而是先减少后增加，冲击深度的计算值与实验值吻合；底吹喷嘴数目增加对熔池混匀有减小的趋势，但是当喷嘴数目增加到5、6支时减小的趋势不再明显。通过单因素和正交实验分析了影响熔池性质的显著因素，得出最优工艺参数。确定影响熔池搅拌效果的因素主次关系为：底吹气体流量>底吹喷嘴布置>顶吹气体流量>顶吹枪位最优模拟工艺条件为：顶吹枪位80mm，顶吹气体流量44m3/h，底吹气体流量0.66m3/h，底吹喷嘴为四支0.5D偏心布置，这为复吹转炉的优化提供相应的理论依据，推动了冶炼的高效化。 (3) 首次提出转炉炼钢采用CO2溅渣护炉和转炉煤气CO2循环利用的新方法和技术路线，为在钢铁企业实现转炉煤气中CO2循环利用、同时产生高热值CO气体的节能提供了一条新途径。采用HSC热力学软件计算了不同配碳比的CO2平衡转化率，并进行了CO2溅渣护炉的实验室热态实验。两者结果均显示：在溅渣温度下配碳量约为3.5%时，能保证炉渣流动性良好并顺利溅渣。 (4) 采用静滴法研究了溅渣层与炉衬耐火材料的润湿性及界面反应，阐明了溅渣的粘附机理及护炉原理。结果表明：转炉渣与镁碳砖耐火材料为反应性润湿，动态接触角随温度升高而单调减小，铺展面积随时间成线性增加。铺展后可以观察到三层，即炉渣层、渗透层（黄色）和MgO-C层（即耐火材料）。液态熔渣沿镁碳砖表面的气孔和裂纹向基体内扩散、渗透，渣中铁氧化物与镁碳砖机体内的MgO反应生成含高熔点相的黄色渗透层，起到保护炉衬的作用，从而解释了炉渣与耐火材料的粘附机理，为优化溅渣护炉工艺，合理调整炉渣成分和选择耐火材料等工艺操作提供理论依据。 (5) 前期确定的工艺条件下，进行的转炉耦合强化冶炼应用试验。结果证明：可以用转炉冶炼出合格P110级等高级石油套管钢。应用后冶炼效果明显改善，取得显著的经济效益。缩短供氧时间2min/heat，节约氧气4.4Nm3/t-steel，年均增效12560.21万元

转炉熔渣余热重整甲烷制氢反应的热力学研究

利用HSC-Chemistry软件平台对以高温转炉熔渣为热载体的CH_4/CO_2/H_2O混合气体反应产物进行了热力学模拟计算,比较渣和水蒸气的反应、二氧化碳重整甲烷和水蒸气重整甲烷三个反应的AG和反应平衡常数K随温度的变化趋势。结果表明,甲烷重整和炉渣制氢这两类反应对炉渣热利用的温度段并不重合,可望通过这两个反应实现转炉熔渣余热的梯级高效利用。研究了以1923 K的转炉熔渣为载热体的甲烷重整反应,炉渣初始量为1000kg时,混合气体组分对各物质平衡转化率的影响。结果显示,958 K,CO_2和CH_4的初始量分别为15.38和6 kmol时,二者的平衡转化率分别为80%和83%。提高CO_..

Effects of Tributyltin on Hepatic Antioxidant System in Sebastiscus marmoratus

使用环境浓度水平[1、10、100 ng(Sn)/L]的三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)对褐菖鲉进行水体暴露,观察TBT对褐菖鲉肝脏抗氧化防御系统的影响.暴露50 d后,10、100 ng/L组丙二醛含量的上升指示了环境浓度水平的TBT能够导致肝脏氧化胁迫.10、100 ng/L组的谷胱甘肽过氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和10 ng/L组的过氧化氢酶活性在TBT暴露50 d后被显著诱导.还原型谷胱甘肽含量在10、100 ng/L TBT暴露7 d后被显著诱导,而在暴露50 d后被浓度依赖性地抑制.TBT暴露7 d后,谷胱甘肽硫转移酶在10、100 ng/L组被显著诱导,而100 ng/L组在暴露25 d后被抑制.在恢复期7和20 d后,各浓度组的这些生物指标都回到与对照组相当的水平.本研究的结果表明:环境浓度水平的TBT能够引起鱼体肝脏氧化胁迫,这些生物标志物能够指示海洋环境中TBT的污染.This study was designed to examine in vivo influence of tributyltin(TBT)at environmentally relevant concentrations on hepatic biomarkers in Sebastiscus marmoratus,which were exposed through water column to environmental concentrations of TBT(1,10,100 ng/L as Sn).Elevation of malondialdehyde(MDA)contents after exposure for 50 days indicates that TBT exposure at environmental concentrations could result in oxidative stress on liver.Glutathione peroxidase(GPx),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities were significantly induced by TBT after 50 days exposure.Reduced glutathione(GSH)contents in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to TBT for 7 days were induced and then inhibited in a dose-dependent manner for 50 days exposure.Glutathione S-transferase(GST)activities in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to 10 and 100 ng/L of TBT for 7 days were induced and then inhibited by TBT exposure for 25 days.These indices in all exposure groups,transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 and 20 days,recovered to the level corresponding to that of the vehicle group.The results in the present work suggest that TBT exposure at environmental concentrations could result in oxidative stress on the fish.These biomarkers would indicate marine pollution of TBT at environmental concentrations.福建省自然科学基金(2006J0147)资

Cloning and sequence analysis of allophycocyanin genes from Porphyra haitanensis

以野生坛紫菜色素体DNA为模板, 通过PCR扩增获得编码坛紫菜别藻蓝蛋白α亚基和β亚基的序列及两者之间的间隔序列,该序列全长为1 055 bp,其中编码α和β亚基的序列均为486 bp,间隔序列为83 bp.该序列与GenBank收录的其他4种红藻相关序列的同源性在75.6%~87.4%,与2种蓝藻的同源性分别为66.9%,68.5%,其中编码区同源性更高.On the basis of the sequences of allophycocyanins from several species in genbank,a pair of degenerate primers were designed and synthesized. A specific fragment about 1 055 bp in size was obtained after PCR amplification using the cpDNA of Porphyra haitanensis as template. Then the purified fragment of DNA was cloned into vector pMD18-T, and sequenced after the identification of the recombinants using PCR and endonuclease digest. The results indicate that α and β subunit genes of allophycocyanin are obtained from Porphyra haitanensis. The fragment size is (1 055 bp), including α and β subunits coding regions (486 bp) each and the spacer between them is 83 bp.The genes were submitted to genbank and their genbank accession number was AY372218.福建省重大农业科技资助项目(2001Z017);; 国家海洋“863”资助项目(2002AA603023

Effects of different culture conditions on development and differentiation of somatic cells of Porphyra haitanensis thallus

本文以野生坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)叶状体为材料,通过海螺酶酶解获得叶状体单离体细胞,探讨了细胞密度、光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体体细胞发育分化的影响.研究结果表明:细胞密度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗具有明显的影响.其中,细胞培养3~5d时,分裂率随着细胞密度的增大而降低;5d时,1×103个/孔组的分裂速度显著大于其余各组的(p<0.05);12~19d时,随着细胞密度的增大,体细胞出苗率相应减小.光照强度对坛紫菜叶状体单离体细胞的分裂、出苗也具有显著影响.细胞培养5d时,分裂率随着光照强度的增大而增大;5~7d时,体细胞分裂速度随着光照强度增大而增大;9~19d培养期内,出苗率随着光照强度的增大而增大.本实验结果为坛紫菜转基因育种等研究提供了可资借鉴的基础资料.Somatic cells of wild Porphyra haitanensis thallus are appropriate for the study of cell differentiation.The result shows that development and differentiation the cells are affected significantly by culture conditions.It shows that division and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by cell density.Divistion rate decreased with increasing cell density in 3~5 days;Division speed of 1×103 cells/well group wasis higher than those of other groups(p<0.05) in 5 days;Regeneration rates of the cells decreased with increasing cell density in 12~19 days.It is also shown that divistion and regeneration of the cells are affected significantly by illumination intensity.Divistion rate is increased with increasing illumination intensity in 5 days;Division speed increased with increasing the illumination intensity in 5~7 days;Regeneration rates of the cells increased with increasing illumination intensity in 9~19 days.Our data can be referenced in the study of transgenic breeding for Porphyra.福建省自然科学资助基金项目(B0510004