高分辨率核磁共振纯化学位移谱新方法及其应用

核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)以无辐射、非入侵、高分辨率及信息丰富等特点被广泛应用在化学、生物、医药、材料等领域.纯化学位移技术,因其能大幅提高NMR重叠谱图分辨率的优良特性,近年来逐渐成为NMR领域的研究热点.本文结合作者所在团队在纯化学位移新技术及其应用研究的基础上,评述了纯化学位移技术的发展现状,及其机遇与挑战.国家自然科学基金大科学装置联合基金重点项目(U1632274

堵塞对复合垂直流湿地水力特征的影响

　复合垂直流人工湿地系统(IVCW)堵塞后其水力特征会发生变化,通过示踪剂对小试和中试系统堵塞前后的水力特征进行了研究。结果表明,堵塞后IVCW出水流量减小,小试系统实际停留时间由堵塞前21.3h延长至32.5h,中试系统实际停留时间从19.4h延长至26.8h。IVCW堵塞后容易造成下行池表面积水,既恶化了卫生条件又降低了系统的处理能力

Commuter Exposure to Hazardous Air Pollutants in a Highly Polluted Area

[[abstract]]本研究以實際模擬採樣分析等方式，針對不同通勤路線及運具，探討通勤族 群之揮發性有機物（VOCs）、粒狀污染物（PM）之暴露情況，探究其高屏地區居 民通勤過程之空氣污染物暴露特性。本研究結果顯示，進入高雄市區後，機車騎 士PM2.5 暴露平均值增加，濃度變異幅度大。車外量測PM2.5 值於同步量測機車騎 士暴露值接近，各路段PM2.5 形成瞬間高濃度經採樣錄影影像分析，發現主要因素 以前方有汽車、交通擁擠、前方有柴油車所佔比例最高，此外，於民族路段影像 分析結果發現，機車騎士停留時間之暴露量與停留時間及車輛數有線性關係（R2 = 0.76）。本研究於不同路線PM2.5 暴露經比較後，結果發現機車騎士暴露濃度最高 為林園-高雄路線（143 μg/m3），最低為屏東-高雄路線（93 μg/m3），汽車駕駛暴露 濃度為高速/快速道路路線最高（80 μg/m3），岡山-高雄路線暴露最低（28 μg/m3）。 PM2.5 暴露濃度最高為機車，公車次之，開車及火車暴露較低。在單位通勤距離PM2.5 暴露量方面，機車騎士以岡山-高雄路線最高（3.1 μg/km），汽車駕駛為林園-高雄 路線最高（1.2 μg/km）。火車乘客所受暴露量為最低。 不同路線VOCs 濃度暴露比較後，發現都會區路線暴露濃度高於農業區路線， 機車騎士於楠梓、岡山、屏東及林園至高雄等都會區路線之苯濃度平均超過50 μg/m3，楠梓-高雄路段機車騎士於上下午通勤時段苯平均暴露濃度達106 μg/m3， 而潮州-美濃之農業區路線平均濃度為40 μg/m3。使用不同交通工具採樣經比較後， VOCs 暴露濃度方面，機車騎士MTBE、苯、甲苯暴露最高，火車乘客暴露最低。 於尖峰時段，機車通勤族群之苯的單位通勤距離暴露量以岡山-高雄路線（3.5 μg/km）最高，潮州-美濃路線最低（0.8 μg/km）。汽車駕駛苯的暴露量以岡山-高雄 路線最高（1.5 μg/km），高速/快速道路最低（0.3 μg/km）。[[abstract]]Abstract This study conducted to understand the commuter exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) on different commuting routes in a highly polluted area Four commuting modes including car motorcycle train and bus were chosen for evaluation in Kao-Pin area Air samples of VOCs were collected using multiple sorbent tubes followed by thermal desorption-capillary GC/MS analyses Real-time laser photometric aerosol monitors were used for the determination of PM2 5 mass concentrations of short-term commuting trips Air sampling processes were recorded by video cameras for image analyses The average PM2 5 levels inside car cabin were generally 30-60 % of the measurements outside cabin Based on the results of video image analyses major influences on the levels of PM2 5 on commuter’s exposures included traffic condition diesel engine emission and traffic light waiting The PM2 5 exposure during traffic light waiting periods were strongly correlated with waiting time and vehicle number (R2 = 0 76) on Minzu road The highest PM2 5 exposure levels for motorcycle drivers were found on Linyuan-Kaohsiung route while the highest PM2 5 exposure levels for car drivers were measured on highway route The results indicate that MTBE and toluene were the most abundant VOCs observed while commuting in this area followed by xylenes benzene and ethylbenzene The VOCs exposure levels measured in Kaohsiung metropolitan area were higher than that for agricultural area The average benzene exposure levels for motorcyclist were higher than 50 μg/m3 while commuting on metropolitan area The highest exposure levels for VOCs and PM2 5 were found for motorcyclists while lowest levels were measured in train cabin

复合垂直流构建湿地中有机质积累与基质堵塞

利用灼烧失重研究了复合垂直流构建湿地小试及中试系统中有机质的积累规律及其与湿地基质堵塞的关系,通过示踪剂实验测定了堵塞前后系统水力停留时间的变化.结果表明,有机质主要积累在基质表层和上层0~50mm处且有机质积累主要发生在下行池.有机质含量与基质深度负相关,基质表层有机质含量明显高于其他各层.湿地系统中有机质含量与基质渗透系数呈明显的负相关性,有机质含量越高,基质渗透系数越小,说明有机质积累是导致构建湿地堵塞的一个重要原因.复合垂直流构建湿地堵塞后,其水力特征发生了改变,延长了该系统的实际水力停留时间

Formation of Nitrogenous Pollutants during Biomass Thermo-Chemical Conversion

To investigate the formation of nitrogenous pollutants（ NPs） during biomass thermo-chemical conversion（ pyrolysis and gasification） is significant for the control of air pollution as these NPs are an important factor for the formation of PM2.5. Research

TBAB和CP双添加剂水合物法分离烟气中的CO_2

在四正丁基溴化铵（TBAB）和环戊烷（CP）双添加剂体系下进行了一级水合物法分离烟气中CO2的研究。对比了纯体系和双添加剂体系对水合物生成过程及分离效果的影响。获得了合适的操作条件（温度276.15 K,压力2.0～3.3 MPa）、初始液气比（0.78）、添加剂浓度（CP体积分数为0.6%）。在合适条件下,双添加剂体系相比纯TBAB体系水合过程的载气量达至1.5～2.0倍,剩余气相中CO2摩尔分数由17%降至7%,去除率由40%～50%上升到60%～70%。实验表明,双添加剂体系在水合物法CO2分离技术的分离效果及节能方面存在潜力,为工业化水合物法净化烟气提供了参考和标准

Release characteristic of NOx precursors during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-rich biomass

The release of NOxprecursors (NH3, HCN and HNCO) in the pyrolysis of two nitrogen-rich biomass materials, viz., soybean straw (SBS) and fiberboard (FB), were investigated by thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR, for slow pyr

富氮生物质原料热解过程中NO_x前驱物释放特性研究

利用热重分析-傅里叶红外光谱联用（TG-FTIR）和水平管式炉-X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了两种富氮生物质原料（大豆秸秆（SBS）和纤维板（FB））热解过程中NOx前驱物（NH3、HCN和HNCO）的释放特性,考察温度、升温速率及燃料含N物质结构对其NOx前驱物释放行为的影响。结果表明,燃料中的N来源不同（天然固有与人工添加）造成其转化差异：SBS释放的NOx前驱物主要为NH3而FB为NH3、HCN（快速）和HNCO（慢速）;FB气相N主要随挥发分析出,而SBS则相反,在二次反应阶段析出;两种燃料中N的转化随温度变化,低温下富集于半焦N,600℃以上时更多向非半焦N转移,NOx前驱物以NH3为主,高温及高升温速率利于HCN生成,若以减排NOx为目的,热解温度控制在600℃为佳;两种燃料中N的结构均为胺类N（N-A）,热解时部分N-A向半焦中杂环N转化,同时伴随杂环N分解;高温下吡啶N和吡咯N分解分别主要产生HCN和NH3

Study on an alternative energy of biomass gas fuel to fossil-fuels and its application in industrial boiler industry

The technical innovation on an alternative energy of biomass gas fuel （BGF） to fossil-fuels in industrial boiler industry was studied in the paper. The operation characteristics of the combined system were analyzed. The pollutants emission and the steam

生物质热化学转化过程含N污染物形成研究

To investigate the formation of nitrogenous pollutants（ NPs） during biomass thermo-chemical conversion（ pyrolysis and gasification） is significant for the control of air pollution as these NPs are an important factor for the formation of PM2.5. Research