Genetic differentiation and structure of Casuarina equisetifolia populations

利用RAPD技术对4个短枝木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)种群的遗传分化和群体遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,短枝木麻黄具有较高的遗传多样性,但各种群的遗传多样性大小不一,由大到小依次为天然分布于澳大利亚、太平洋群岛的原生种群(YSAP)>引种于亚洲的次生种群(CSAS)>引种于非洲的次生种群(CSAF)>天然分布于东南亚的原生种群(YSAS)。遗传变异分析表明,短枝木麻黄群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,种群间遗传多样性比例(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp=0.246,遗传分化系数GST=0.263,种群间变异比率φST=0.278 9,即群体内变异占了72.11%,群体间变异占27.89%。UPGMA聚类分析将4个短枝木麻黄种群归为2类,YSAS与CSAS的亲缘关系较密切,而YSAP与CSAF有着更亲密的关系,这在一定程度上反映了次生种群的主要引种来源。Genetic differentiation and population genetic structure from 4 populations of Casuarina equisetifolia were studied by RAPD markers.The results showed that high genetic diversity in C.equisetifolia.The order of genetic diversity was natural populations from Australia/Pacific(YSAP)> introduced populations from Asia(CSAS)> introduced populations from Africa(CSAF)> natural populations from South-East Asia(YSAS).The genetic variation of C.equisetifolia populations mainly existed within populations.(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp,GST and φST were 0.246,0.263 and 0.278 9 respectively.Therefore,it was apparent that variation within population accounted for 72.11% and variation among populations accounted for 27.89% of the total genetic diversity.Based on UPGMA cluster analysis,4 C.equisetifolia populations were divided into 2 groups.YSAS and CSAS,YSAP and CSAF showed closed geographic relationship,respectively.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB01A16-05);; 福建省科技厅重大项目(2006NZ0001-2);; 福建省林木种苗攻关项

Restoration of Degraded Ecosystem and Integrated Management in Coastal Zone

文中在分析海岸带特征的基础上,提出了海岸环境管理面临的问题。根据海岸带退化生态系统的特点,阐述了红树林海岸、沙质海岸和河口湿地海岸退化生态系统恢复重建的理论和实践,并提出了进行海岸带综合管理的途径和措施。Coastal zone is facing with enormous stress such as environment pollution,ecological deterioration,and resource decrease due to its unique environment and geographical position.In this paper,based on the analysis of characteristics of coastal zone,the issues of coastal zone environment management are raised.The theory and practice of ecological restoration of mangrove coast,sandy coast and estuarine wetland coast are expounded according to the characteristics of degraded ecosystem.Measures of integrated coastal zone management are suggested to promote sustainable development

Nutrient Diagnosis of Casuarina equisetifolia Seedlings Using DRIS

以我国东南沿海沙地主要造林树种短枝木麻黄(CASuArInA EQuISETIfOlIA)一年生苗木为研究对象,应用氮(n)、磷(P)、钾(k)三元二次旋转回归法,根据现实生物量的差异,划分为2种不同的产量类型,同时结合室内养分含量分析,以高产量类型为最适值,制定了诊断施肥综合法(dIAgnOSIS And rECOMMEndATIOn InTEgrATE SyS-TEM,简称drIS)及指数法的营养诊断标准,研究氮、磷、钾不同施肥配比条件下苗木体内氮、磷、钾的养分含量及其需求程度,对短枝木麻黄进行苗期综合营养诊断分析。结果表明:施肥配比对短枝木麻黄苗木生物量积累规律有较大影响,苗木生物量最优解为19.84 g/株,对应的最佳施肥方案为氮、磷、钾分别施肥0.329 g/株、2.298 g/株、0.154 g/株。短枝木麻黄苗期小枝3种元素浓度的最佳比值范围为P/n=0.3174±0.1302;k/n=1.1010±0.506;k/P=3.5564±0.5075,以生长末期12月份各处理苗木为例,列出各元素的drIS诊断指数及相对需肥次序,证实了营养诊断的准确性。Using one-year-old Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings,which are the main planting species along the sandy coast of southeast China,and ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design of N,P and K,two different output types were divided based on real differences in biomass.Further,by the data of N,P and K nutrient elements contents of the seedlings,nutrition diagnosis was analyzed for C.equisetifolia.There was an obvious impact of proportioning fertilization on biomass accumulation of C.equisetifolia.The optimal solution of seedling outputs was 19.84 g per tree,and the respective quantities of fertilization were 0.329 g per tree for N,2.298 g per tree for P,and 0.154 g per tree for K.The rational scales of ratios among the nutrient elements were P/N =0.3174 ±0.1302,K/N =1.1010 ±0.506,K/P =3.5564 ±0.5075.Application of examples treated by ternary quadratic rotary recursive fertilizer design confirmed the diagnosing accuracy and list sequence of nutrients demanded through DRIS(Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System).国家自然科学基金项目“海陆交界带的土地利用变化对典型植被碳吸存影响的宏微观尺度研究”(41176092); “十一五”科技支撑计划“南亚热带防台风防护林体系研究与示范”(2009BADB2B0302); 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室、福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Tannin Content of Different Casuarina Species and Its Distribution Law

探讨了几种木麻黄单宁含量与种类、年龄、部位、生态环境的关系。结果表明:8种木麻黄小枝总多酚含量排序为:细枝木麻黄(CASuArInA CunnIngHAMInA)>山地木麻黄(C.JungHuHnIAnA)>山神木麻黄(C.COllIA)>短枝木麻黄(C.EQuISETIfOlIA)>鸡冠木麻黄(C.CrISTATA)>粗枝木麻黄(C.glAuCA)>肥木木麻黄(C.ObESA)>滨海木麻黄(AllOCASuArI-nA lITTOrAlIS);不同年龄木麻黄小枝总多酚含量随着年龄的增加而增大。短枝木麻黄和细枝木麻黄总多酚、可溶性单宁、蛋白质结合缩合单宁以及纤维素结合缩合单宁含量大体上以细根>树皮>小枝。随着离海岸带距离的增加,木麻黄小枝总多酚含量降低。木麻黄小枝蛋白质结合态缩合单宁含量非常低,而纤维素结合态缩合单宁含量较高,这可能与木麻黄鳞片叶退化为小枝,纤维素含量高有关。Tannin contents of different Casuarina species and tannin distribution rules of species,ages,position and ecological environment were studied.The results showed that the total phenol of branchlet of Casuarina was under the order as follows:Casuarina cunninghamina>C.junghuhniana>C.collia>C.equisetifolia>C.cristata>C.glauca>C.obesa>Allocasuarina littoralis.The total phenol contents of branchlets of different years old of Casuarina increased with ages.The total phenol,solubility tannins,protein binding condensing tannins,fibrin binding condensing tannins contents of short and thin Casuarina branchlets were under the following order wholly:thin root>bark>branchlet.With the increasing of the distance from coastal belt,the total phenol of branchlet declined.The protein binding condensing tannin of Casuarina branchlet was very low,whereas fibrin binding condenseing tannins content was highest.The reason could be the high fibrin content after Casuarina scale leaf degenerated to branchlet国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A1605);福建省林业厅科研项目“木麻黄单宁生化活性与提取利用技术研究”资

Review and Prospect for Coastal Protection Forest Cultivating of Taiwan

从海岸防护林的主要树种、培育基础、营造技术及研究展望等方面,对台湾海岸防护林的保育与经营状况进行了概括总结,以期为海峡西岸防护林体系建设提供借鉴。From the main coastal protection forest species,nurturing base,creating technology and research prospects,this paper summarized the coastal protection forest conservation and operating conditions of Taiwan in order to provide a reference for the west coast protection forest system construction.国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2009BADB2B0302);国家自然科学基金项目(41176092);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室、福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

反相高效液相色谱法分析盘基网柄菌对氨基酸的利用

为观察盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)在SIH培养基上对氨基酸的利用情况,以2,4-二硝基氯苯为衍生化试剂,研究了用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定氨基酸的方法.在60min内16种氨基酸达到基线分离,峰面积与氨基酸浓度的线性相关系数为0.992～0.999.对发酵液样品的分析结果表明,盘基网柄菌对赖氨酸的利用最为彻底,发酵后期赖氨酸已被消耗完全.蛋氨酸、色氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸也较易被盘基网柄菌利用,而对天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸的需求不大.这一代谢特点为改进盘基网柄菌培养基组成提供依据

Global Climate Change and Adaptive Management of Forest Ecosystem

人类活动所引起的温室效应及由此造成的全球气候变化对全球生态环境的影响正越来越引起人们的关注。森林作为全球陆地生态系统的一个重要组分,对全球气候变化的响应较为敏感。文中系统总结了全球气候变化对物种和森林类型分布、森林生态系统结构和物种组成、森林生产力、森林土壤碳氮循环和森林灾害等几个方面的影响,以及森林生态系统管理面临的挑战,在此基础上提出了适应未来气候变化的森林生态系统管理策略。Human-induced greenhouse effects and their impacts on global climate change and eco-environments,especially the responses of forests to global climate change,have increasingly aroused the concerns worldwide.The forest,as an important component of global terrestrial ecosystem,is more sensitive to the response of global climate change.This paper systematically summarized the existing impact of global climate change on the distribution of species and forest types,forest ecosystem structure and species composition,forest productivity,forest soil carbon and nitrogen cycle and forest disasters,and concluded the challenges which the forest ecosystem management is facing.Based on the review,the forest ecosystems management strategies adaptable to the future climate change were proposed.国家自然科学基金项目海陆交界带的土地利用变化对典型植被碳吸存影响的宏微观尺度研究(41176092); “十一五”国家科技支撑项目南亚热带防台风防护林体系研究与示范(2009BADB2B0302); 国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室; 福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室资助项

Development of Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of PML/RARα Fusion Gene in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

针对急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APl)中PMl/rArα融合基因的碱基序列,设计了锁核酸(lnA)修饰的发夹结构捕获探针,结合信号探针构建新型的“三明治“电化学传感模式。信号探针末端修饰的生物素可与酶上的亲和素结合,通过检测酶催化H2O2氧化底物3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMb)产生的电化学信号,实现对靶序列的检测。该传感器可识别和定量检测PbS缓冲液中人工合成的PMl/rArα融合基因序列。结果表明,该传感器能很好地区分互补序列、单碱基及多碱基错配序列,杂交电流值与目标链浓度在1.0x10-11~1.6x10-10 MOl/l范围内呈较好的线性关系,检出限为1.0x10-13 MOl/l。同时,该新型传感器成功地用于无稀释人血清中PMl/rArα融合基因的检测,具有特异性强、灵敏度高和重复性好的优点,有望用于临床实际样品的检测,进而实现临床上急性早幼粒细胞白血病的早期诊断及预后判断。A novel DNA electrochemical probe(locked nucleic acid,LNA) was designed and involved in constructing an electrochemical DNA biosensor for the detection of PML/RARα fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL).This biosensor was based on a "sandwich" detection strategy,which involved a pair of LNA probes,e.g.hairpin capture probe and reporter probe.Streptavidin-HRP was bound to biotin labeled at the end of reporter probe via streptavidin-biotin affinity binding.In the presence of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),HRP catalyzed the oxidation of the substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidene(TMB) to offer an enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal for the detection of target DNA.This sensor was applied in the direct quantitative detection of synthetic PML/RARα fusion gene in PBS buffer.The results indicated that the biosensor showed an excellent specificity to distinguish the complementary sequence and different mismatch sequences.A linear relationship between the amperometric signal and the target concentration was obtained in the range of 1.0×10-11-1.6×10-10 mol/L with a detection limit of 1.0×10-13 mol/L.In addition,the biosensor was used for the determination of PML/RARα fusion gene in human serum samples without dilution with high sensitivity,selectivity and good repeatability.This method would be expected to use in real sample for further solving the actural problems of early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of APL.863计划资助项目(2008AA02Z433);福建省高校产学研科技重点项目(2010Y4003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(20805006;20975021);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010J05019

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Casuarina equisetifolia Provenances by RAPD

利用RAPD分子标记对35个短枝木麻黄(Casuarina equisefifolia)种源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析.15个随机引物共扩增了出201条DNA带,其中148条为多态性带,占73.63%,平均每个引物扩增出9.9条多态性带.种源的Shannon’s多样性指数为0.435 4,Nei’s基因多样度为0.288 4,表明短枝木麻黄种源的遗传多样性水平较高.35个种源彼此的遗传距离在0.088 4~0.753 9之间,平均0.404 5,经过UPGMA聚类分析将35个种源划分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6个类群,其中A群5个种源,B群17个种源,C群4个种源,D群2个种源,E群1个种源,F群6个种源.Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 35 Casuarina equisetifolia provenances were studied by RAPD marker.201 bands were identified with 15 oligonucleotide primers,out of which 145 bands were polymorphic and accounted for 73.63%.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 9.9.The average Shannon's index of diversity and Nei's gene diversity were 0.435 4 and 0.288 4 respectively.The results showed that there was great genetic diversity within C.equisetifolia provenances,which provided base for genetic selection and breeding.The genetic distance among 35 provenances ranged 0.088 4 to 0.753 9 and the average was 0.404 5.Based on UPGMA cluster analysis,35 provenances were divided into 6 groups:group A,B,C,D,E and F.Group A included 5 provenances,group B included 17 provenances,group C included 4 provenances,group D included 2 provenances,group E included 1 provenances and group F included 17 provenances.They showed close phylogenetic relationship within groups respectively.国家“十五”攻关项目(2004BA516AB-15);; 国家948项目(96-4-32),福建省林木种苗攻关项目资