道教器物的宗教文化精神考察

道教器物属于中国传统器物文化发展史上的重要环节,它们的创制经历了对前道教时期世俗性器物的继承与改造,并融注道教神学思想的过程。虽然道教器物渊源有自,但是道门喜好神化道教器物的来源,常常称它们源自于天地之初,宇宙未开之时。我们看到,道教器物中凝结着传奇性事迹与史迹,收纳有丰富的道教神话内容。同时,它们熔铸有厚重深沉的道教哲学理念,因此,道教器物又是道教思想理念的物化书写。其次,道教器物也是高道之崇高神权的象征,它标识出道门人士在天地人神之间的独特地位。道教器物含摄着道门人士虔诚的信仰精神和艰辛的修道历程,向整个社会传递出道人修道生活的丰富讯息。最后需要提及的是,道教器物一直以鲜明感性的形象引导着广大民众走近道教、亲近道教,因而道教器物是最直观通俗的道教宣传文本,其中蕴涵的宗教文化精神丰富而繁复。国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:13BZJ036)的阶段性成

A Study of Strategic Positioning for A Construction Company

竞争战略的一个核心问题是明确企业在其产业中所处的地位，企业的战略定位决定了它的赢利能力是否优于行业平均水平。在产业结构不太理想、产业平均赢利能力较低的情况下，采取适当定位的企业，在成熟行业中寻找新市场，仍然可能获得优于其它企业的较高收益。建筑业是国内最早放开的竞争性产业。严重的供需失衡加上较低的产业集中度造成过度竞争的结果是行业利润遭受破坏。A建设公司是一家经改制而成的民营建筑企业，面对激烈的市场竞争，如何获得和保持竞争优势是公司生存和稳定发展的关键，积极实施战略创新，实现独树一帜的战略定位是获得竞争优势，培育核心竞争力的基础和前提。本文根据战略定位理论框架，借助SWOT分析、五力模型、价值链...Abstract One core problem of competitive strategy is the definitude of the status of company in its industry. The strategic positioning of the company determines whether or not its paying off competence outgoes average of its industry. In the conditions that the fabric of company is not ideal and the average paying off competence of industry is a little lower, if the company with suitable posit...学位：工商管理硕士院系专业：管理学院工商管理教育中心_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号：X20021501

道教书法审美特征琐议

道教书法源自于道教高道所书画的符箓,道士所书符箓是道教书法的主要存在形式。道教符箓作为中国传统书法文化的重要组成部分,拥有传统书法的基本审美特征。同时,道教符箓作为道门内部的一种重要法器,隶属于宗教文化的范畴,具有浓厚的宗教文化性质,决定了道教书法与世俗性书法作品的审美特征又有所区别。道教书法之中常常蕴涵着丰富的宗教、绘画、舞蹈、文学内容,赋有这些文化艺术的审美特征。教育部人文社科项目“道教与民间信仰的区域化研究”阶段性成果(项目编号:06JA730004

Spiritual exploration of elegance in Taoist painting

道教美术是伴随着道教的产生、发展而逐渐成长起来的艺术门类,它充当着中国文人精神自由翱翔的家园,是道教史迹与事迹的图像化表达,积淀着厚重的历史文化元素。它又常常浸泡于皇室贵族社会的祭祀庆典等文化活动之中,成为皇室祭祀庆典活动的参与者和见证者,对祭祀庆典活动的顺利完成起到积极推进作用,具有庙堂性与贵族性气息。道教美术“雅“之精神的形成则是由道教美术自身发展的规律与特点所决定的。Taoist painting which has a long history is a type of art with the start and development of Taoist.It acts as the spiritual home of Chinese intellectual,and is concrete and pictorial expressions of Taoist.Meanwhile,it is the historical cultural element with rich sedimentary accretion.Long before,Taoist painting often soaked in the cultural activities and celebrations,and was the witness and participant in the celebrations of the imperial house.It pushed the whole celebratory progress in royal household and possessed the noble spirit.The form of elegant spirit in Taoist painting is decided by the law and characteristics of its development.教育部人文社会科学项目(06JA730004

Preparation of Electro-conductive Porous Materials using Pressure-pulsed Chemical Vapor Infiltration

Using pressure-pulsed chemical vapor infiltration (PCVI) method, TiN was partially infiltrated at 850 °C from gas system of TiCl4(1%)-N2(20%)-H2 into the highly porous carbon preforms prepared by the carbonization of commercial cotton-cloth, cotton-wool, filter paper, and wood at 1000 °C in Ar for 4 h. After 10000 pulses of PCVI, electro-conductive porous bodies were obtained, which had the porosity of 80 % and more, the resistivity of 0.1 mΩ cm, and the average pore sizes of 10 - 40 μm. The geometric surface area per unite volume showed the highest value with the sample obtained from carbonized wood preform

量子点毒性效应的研究进展

量子点(quantum dots,QDs)作为一种新型的纳米材料已备受关注.由于其独特的荧光特性,量子点已经成功地应用于生命科学等领域.近年来,量子点的生物学毒性效应及其环境影响成为新的研究热点.本文综述了量子点毒性效应的相关研究,并对该领域的前景及研究方向进行了评述和展望.国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:20537020);; 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2003CB415001)资

In situ probing electrified interfacial water structures at atomically flat surfaces using Raman spectroscopy

自然界中水无处不在，人们对水分子的研究已经长达一个多世纪。特别是在材料表面，从原子结构层面理解界面水所发生的各种物理和化学过程，将有利于指导能源和环境领域中开发更好的技术和器件。文献中采用振动光谱已经推知了水在金属界面的不同构型，如四配位水、三配位水、表面特性吸附水、自由水等。然而，仍然缺乏这些界面水在不同电位下清晰的构型图像。李剑锋教授课题组采用不受体相水干扰的表面增强拉曼光谱，首次在金（111）和（100）单晶电极表面上获得了界面水的拉曼信号，并且在析氢反应过程中原位观测到了界面水的两种构型转变。发现界面水随着电位的负移，由“平行”结构向“单端氢朝下”，再向“双端氢朝下”变化。程俊教授课题组采用从头算分子动力学理论方法，模拟出不同电位下，在双电层中界面水的三种构型以及相应的氢键数目，与实验数据很好地吻合，进一步揭示了双电层的原子级结构。该研究首次在实验和理论层面，将界面水的构型转变以及氢键断裂与精确的电极电势标尺进行关联，对探知双电层的三维结构具有指导性意义。 该研究工作通过厦门大学校内合作完成，化学化工学院李剑锋教授和程俊教授为通讯作者，田中群教授提供了重要指导。李超禹博士（现美国麻省理工学院博士后）和乐家波博士（现能源材料化学协同创新中心博士后）为共同第一作者，王耀辉博士生在实验上提供了帮助，物理系的陈舒博士和杨志林教授为本工作开展了电磁场增强计算【Abstract】Molecular structures of solid/liquid interfaces are of fundamental interest, and play significantly in the efficiencies of energy storage and conversion. To elucidate the structures of electric double layers at electrochemical interfaces under bias potentials, we have collaborated in situ Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics, and for the first time distinguished two structural transitions of interfacial water at electrified Au(111) and Au(100) single crystal electrode surfaces. Towards negative potentials, the interfacial water molecules evolve from structurally “parallel” to “one-H-down”, and further to “two-H-down”.Concurrently, the number of hydrogen bonds among the interfacial water shows an overall decrease along with the negative shift of the potential, and undergoes two transitions as well. Our findings shed light on fundamental understanding of electric double layers and electrochemical processes at the interfaces.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 21373166, 21522508, 21775127, 21521004, 21321062 and 21621091). 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委的大力资助，也得到了固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、谱学分析与仪器教育部重点实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持

Fabrications and Characterizations of Porous Silicon by Tow-step Techniques I:Constant Current Application

本工作通过采用电化学极 -化学氧化两步法在 1:1氢氟酸和乙醇溶液中制备出孔径约为 1～ 2 μm ,厚度大经为 6～ 10 μm的多孔硅样品 .首先将 0 .0 3A/cm2 的恒电流施加到p( 10 0 )硅片一段时间 ,然后将该硅片浸到 2 0 %的硝酸溶液中氧化一段时间 .通过此方法获得的多孔硅结构再进一步用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪进行表面形貌和光学性质的考察 .所有制备出的多孔硅结构均有光致发光现象 .老化的多孔硅样品 (在干燥器放置一年 )的光致发光谱峰强度明显增强 ,但分别经过苯乙烯和十六碳烯 ( 1)两种有机溶剂处理 1h后的老化多孔硅样品的光致发光强度却没有显著改变 .Porous silicon structures were formed by a two step technique consisting of electrochemical polarization and chemical oxidation processes in 1∶1 hydrofluoric acid and ethanol solutions. A constant current density of 0.03 A/cm 2 was applied to p type silicon wafers, followed by chemical treatment in 20% nitric acid solutions. These samples were then carefully examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrometer to study their surface morphologies and optical properties. After a year storage in a desiccator, the aged porous silicon samples were re examined by SEM and Raman spectrometer before and after treated with styrene and decene(1) organic solvents, respectively. It was found that the Raman intensities of the aged porous silicon samples were significantly enhanced. However, the treatments of the aged porous silicon samples with tow organic solvents did not alter their optical properties.作者联系地址：厦门大学!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学材料科学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学分析测试中心!福建厦门361005Author's Address: Department of Chemistry, ** Department of Materials Science State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces *** Center fo

Fabrications and Characterizations of Porous Silicon by Two-step Techniques II: Pulse Current Application

采用脉冲阳极 /阴极电流和化学氧化两步法分别在 1∶1的氢氟酸和乙醇溶液中及 2 0 %硝酸溶液中制备出孔径约为 0 .5～ 3μm ,厚度大约为 10～ 2 0 μm的多孔硅样品 ,将获得的多孔硅结构再进一步用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪进行表面形貌和光学性质的考察 .与恒电流 -化学氧化两步法制得的多孔硅相比 ,用脉冲电流法得到的多孔硅的孔径范围较大 ,且多孔层较厚 .制备时加紫外光照显著提高了多孔硅的厚度 ,并发生“蓝移”现象 .用脉冲电流法制得的多孔硅在老化后 (在干燥器放置一年 )同样观察到光致发光明显增强 .Porous silicon structures were formed by two?step technique consisting of pulse current applications in 1∶1 hydrofluoric acid and ethanol solutions and chemical oxidation in 20% nitric acid solutions. Their surface morphologies and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrometer, and compared with those obtained by constant current application. More uniform pore formation on p(100) silicon wafers was observed by pulse current application. Illumination with an ultraviolet lamp during the pulse current application accelerated the macropore formation, accordingly, the optical properties were changed.作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系!福建厦门361005,厦门大学化学系分析测试中心!福建厦门361005Author's Address: 1. Dept. of Chem., 2. State Key Lab. for Phys. Chem. of Solid Surfaces, 3. Center for Instrumental Anal. and Measurements, Xiamen Univ., X

Electric-field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction

随着单分子电学检测技术的迅速发展，分子电子学的研究不再局限于分子电子学器件的构筑及其电学性质的测量，而且扩展到单分子尺度化学反应过程的探索。然而目前相关的研究仍然局限于理论计算方面，在单分子尺度上实时监测和调控化学反应的活性和选择性是化学领域的长期目标和挑战。针对这一挑战，洪文晶教授课题组与程俊教授课题组合作，自主研发了精密科学仪器，将单个有机分子定向连接在两个末端尺寸为原子级的电极之间，解决了化学反应中分子取向控制的问题.理论计算结果证实了定向电场可以有效地稳定化学反应的过渡态，从而降低反应能垒。该研究工作在化学化工学院洪文晶教授、程俊教授、能源材料化学协同创新中心（iChEM）刘俊扬副研究员的共同指导下完成，由硕士研究生黄晓艳、iChEM博士研究生唐淳、博士研究生李洁琼以及兰州大学的陈力川博士作为共同第一作者，化学化工学院师佳副教授、陈招斌高级工程师、夏海平教授和田中群教授，萨本栋微纳研究院杨扬副教授、环境与生态学院白敏冬教授以及兰州大学张浩力教授参与了研究工作的讨论并给予指导，博士后乐家波、博士研究生郑珏婷、张佩（已毕业）、李瑞豪、李晓慧也参与了研究工作。Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0204902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21722305, 21703188, 21673195, 21621091, 51733004, 51525303, and 91745103), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622060), and the Young Thousand Talents Project of China. 该工作得到国家自然科学基金委（21722305、21703188、21673195、51733004、51525303、91745103），国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFA0204902），中国博士后面上基金（2017M622060）的资助，以及固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、醇醚酯化工清洁生产国家工程实验室、能源材料化学协同创新中心的支持