Discussion on the aesthetic ideas of piano improvisation

钢琴即兴演奏作为一门应用性学科，演奏者在即兴演奏中理论知识应用化的基础上，还要将即兴演奏与音乐美学结合起来进行研究，从美学的视角来研究钢琴即兴演奏，让即兴演奏出来的音乐作品具有逻辑性的同时也能渗透出音乐美的理论依据，让演奏者创造的作品更加富有生命脉搏、文化底蕴以及鲜明的个人演奏风格。本文主要从理论知识的重要性，钢琴即兴演奏的特殊性以及钢琴即兴演奏中接受美学的体现三个章节进行阐述，在具备了一定的审美意识和审美能力的基础上来研究即兴演奏，不能单纯的认为即兴演奏这种音乐行为只是单一的作为物理声响传播的表现形式，还要从文化行为的整体性，演奏者情感倾诉的表面下严谨的逻辑性以及即兴演奏与曲谱作曲和钢琴演奏...Piano improvisation as an applied discipline, the performer in the improvisation of theoretical knowledge in the application of foundation, but also will improvisation and musical aesthetics combine the study, from an aesthetic perspective to study piano improvisation impromptu, let the music works with logic can also penetrate the beauty of music the theoretical basis, give the player create work...学位：文学硕士院系专业：艺术教育学院音乐系_音乐学学号：1872009115311

アンタクト（非対面）による新たな社会経済パラダイムシフト

The primary purpose of this paper is to clarify the new socio-economic paradigm shift due to untact (non-face-to-face) under the COVID-19 situation. For this purpose, firstly, we clarified the conceptual framework of untact, and secondly, the policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis and the changes in the socioeconomic paradigm. Moreover thirdly, in order to examine specific market changes, we focused on Japan\u27s food consumption trends during the COVID-19 crisis. An overview of food consumption in Japan during the COVID-19 crisis revealed a broader lifestyle shift, including changes in consumers\u27 food and meal purchasing behavior and consumption patterns. In particular, the convenience and time saving of untact are prominent for procuring foodstuff and meals by consumers in urban areas. However, rather than seeing this as a completely new trend, it is thought that the conventional "convenience-providing food supply system\u27\u27 has become more sophisticated. Therefore, to respond to the sophistication and diversification of food procurement methods by end consumers, a more efficient and rational food supply system is required, especially for densely populated areas such as urban areas. However, the loss of its stability, sustainability, and resilience would be a concern

The study on insect community structure of abandoned fields in central Taiwan

摘要 本研究藉由調查荒廢農地生態系昆蟲群聚組成結構，初步探討其與荒廢地週邊環境之關係，藉由瞭解農業昆蟲的改變，可提供制定生產與環境保護共存的永續性農業政策。 於2003年9月至2003年12月間，在臺灣中部之臺中縣及南投縣，進行荒廢農地生態系昆蟲相及部分植群調查。以隨機取樣方式選定16個採樣點，包括臺中縣霧峰鄉6個點(WF3、WF4、WF6、WF7、WF8、WF9)，烏日鄉4個點（WR12、WR13、WR14、WR15），太平市3個點（TP2、TP5、TP16），大里市1個點（DL1）及南投縣草屯鎮2個點（CT10、CT11）。為瞭解荒廢農地昆蟲群聚與週邊環境及植物組成之關係，利用掃網法調查昆蟲組成，共捕獲4,928隻個體數。經分類及鑑定，扣除無法鑑定至目、科及螨、蜱、蜘蛛類等，總計有4,613隻，分屬13目85科。各目之科數中以双翅目18科最多，佔21.2％；各目個體數量以同翅目最多，個體數1,256隻，佔27％；各科級分類群中個體數最多為浮塵子科870隻；就科級相對多樣性而言，同翅目為16.4％略高於双翅目14.8％及膜翅目12.1％。緊鄰水稻田之荒廢農地中，被列為水稻主要害蟲的同翅目浮塵子(葉蟬)科、稻蝨科及鱗翅目之螟蛾科，無論以科級個體數量或科級多樣性觀之，百分比組成皆高。本研究發現荒廢農地確為水稻收割後水稻害蟲之重要移棲地及繁殖、渡冬地點，亦可能進而成為下一期稻作病蟲害發生之來源。 就臺灣中部荒廢農地生態系幼期昆蟲科級之生態功能群多樣性分析結果，具有單一功能群者佔70.2％，具雙功能群者佔25％，具三個功能群者佔4.8％。若由昆蟲成蟲期群聚功能之百分比例，以科數而言，植食性功能群最高，佔45％，其次為捕食性21％，再其次為動物性分解者11％；以個體數而言，植食性功能群最高，佔66％，其次為捕食性18％，再其次為動物性分解者10％。另由昆蟲幼蟲期群聚功能之百分比例，以科數而言，植食性功能群最高，佔44％，其次為捕食性21％，再其次為植物性分解者16％；以個體數而言，植食性功能群最高，佔59％，其次為捕食性26％，再其次為動物性分解者8％。若依食物塔之結構分析，最下層分解者與初級消費者及次級消費者之比例約100：224：143，此結果與關刀溪溫帶林森林生態系和歐洲部分草原生態系是不相同的。Abstract This result of insect community structure response to the environmental attribute to the biodiversity of insects in abandoned field may provide the formulation perpetual agricultural policy for the coexistence of production and environmental protection. The insect fauna and vegetation pattern in abandoned fields of agroecosystem in central Taiwan were investigated during 4 months (Sept.-Dec. 2003). By random sampling to select sixteen plots include six plots of Wufeng township of Taichung county(WF3,WF4,WF6,WF7,WF8 and WF9), four plots of Wurih township(WR12,WR13,WR14 and WR15), three plots of Taiping city(TP2,TP5 and TP16), one plot of Dali city(DL1), two plots of Caotun township of Nantou county(CT10 and CT11). The net-sweeping were used to investigate insect composition in order to understand insect community of abandoned fields and environment and plant composition. The peripheral were recorded as factors for explanting the results totally, 4,613 individuals were collected, and 85 families, 13 orders were identified. The most largest two insects orders Diptera (21.2％), including 18 families and Homoptera (27％) including Cicadellidae and some other families. The Cicadellidae, Delphacidae and Pyralidae of paddy rice main harmful important insect pest of abandoned fields that is neighbor to paddy field, the individual quantity or family diversity of percentage were higher. this research discovery abandoned fields were importantly to move roosts and the reproduction, crosses the over-winter place of paddy rice harmful insect, and is also possible then to become a paddy rice disease in the next term. Analysis on diversity of ecological function group of adult insect which collected in abandoned fields agroecosystem in central Taiwan by family, has simplex function group for 70.2%, has dual function group for 25%, has three function group for 4.8%. The percentage of insect communize functional in adult stage, by families , the highest group is phytophagous (45%), second one is predaceous (21%), third one is saprophagous (11%); The ecological function group by individuals the proportion is similar, the highest group is phytophagous (66%), second one is predaceous (18%), third one is saprophagous (10%). The percentage of insect communize function in young stage, by families ,the highest group is phytophagous (44%), second one is predaceous (21%), third one is decompser (16%); by individual , the highest group is phytophagous (59%), second one is predaceous (26%), third one is saprophagous (8%). The structure of food tower, the proportion of decomposer, primary consumer and secondary consumer is 100: 224: 143. It is unlike that the result of temperate forest of Guandaushi forest ecosystem and even not similar to that of some other grassland ecosystem in Europe.目錄 中文摘要…………………………………………………………… 1 英文摘要…………………………………………………………… 3 壹、前言…………………………………………………………… 5 貳、前人研究………………………………………………………10 參、研究地區概述…………………………………………………23 肆、調查方法與步驟………………………………………………29 一、調查方法之設計……………………………………………29 二、調查日期及次數……………………………………………29 三、昆蟲採集保存之作業流程…………………………………29 四、昆蟲鑑定及標本處理………………………………………30 五、以科級分類群為生態操作單元……………………………31 伍、結果與討論……………………………………………………33 一、荒廢農地採集之昆蟲群聚組成……………………………33 二、昆蟲科級生物多樣性分析…………………………………43 三、荒廢農地昆蟲生態功能群多樣性結構……………………48 陸、結論……………………………………………………………52 柒、參考文獻………………………………………………………54 圖……………………………………………………………………63 表……………………………………………………………………89 附錄…………………………………………………………………9

一种基于离子选择性电极的电位型传感器检测电中性气体的方法及其装置

本发明涉及电位型传感器检测电中性气体，具体地说是一种基于离子选择性电极的电位型传感器检测电中性气体的方法及其装置。以分子印迹聚合物作为选择性电中性气体分子的识别材料，识别材料分散于聚合物膜离子选择性电极的敏感膜中，聚合物膜离子选择性电极在气相中吸附气体分子后，采用与电中性气体分子具有相似化学结构的有机离子作为指示离子，指示聚合物膜相中印迹聚合物与待测电中性气体分子之间的选择性识别过程，从而实现对电中性气体分子的电位检测。本发明检测方法实现了聚合物膜离子选择性电极在气相中对电中性气体分子的直接分子识别，并进一步实现了电中性气体的电位检测，扩宽了离子选择性电极的应用范围