Study on Early Diagnosis and Rapid Detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Differential Proteome Analysis of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus

松材线虫(Bursaphelenchusxylophilus)是松材线虫病的病原，它是包括我国在内的许多国家重要的林业病害，也是许多国家的重要检疫对象，在我国属于二级检疫对象，每年造成的生态与经济损失难以估计。但是因为它和致病性弱的拟松材线虫(B.mucronatus)在形态上极其相似，在显微镜下难以区分，这给松材线虫的检疫和防治带来了很大的困难。 本研究着眼于对松材线虫的快速检测和早期诊断技术进行改进与完善，建立了适用于松材线虫的口岸检疫、林木防疫与监测的体系与方法；并开展了松材线虫与拟松材线虫的差异蛋白质组研究。 本研究建立了基于快速分离器与分子检测方法的松材线虫快速检测体系，...Pine wilt disease is one of the most important pine tree diseases, and its causal agent is pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, PWN) which is a great threat to the pine forests of many countries and has caused great economic loss every year as well as imponderable ecological damage. Thus, B. xylophilus is a quarantine organism at the top of the list of the pathogenic species in many coun...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_动物学学号：2012005130198

Distribution pattern of PAHs in Jiulong River Estuary by both measurement and simulation

于2011年12月(冬季)在厦门九龙江河口及西港采集9个表层海水水样,采用固相萃取—气质联用方法(SPE-GC-MS)分析其中16种多环芳烃含量。研究结果表明,总溶解态态∑PAH含量为157.9~858.0 ng/L。在河口区,随着盐度升高,PAHs含量逐渐降低。基于比值法分析,表明厦门九龙江及西港海域海水中的PAHs来源存在多种途径,呈现混合来源的态势。利用LEVEL III逸度模型研究菲,芘和苯并(a)芘在各介质间的分布以及水——气界面的交换通量。模拟结果与本文实测和文献中的实测值相吻合。在16℃时,三种多环芳烃的大气沉降通量分别为17.38,7.86和8.38μg/day/m2。其中菲在大气沉降中占主导地位,约三分之二。三种多环芳烃的大气沉降通量均随温度升高而减少。当温度高于32℃时,苯并(a)芘开始从水体释放。The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) of nine water samples,collected in the Jiulong River Estuary in December,2011,were analyzed using the SPE-GC-MS method. The results showed that the concentration range of total dissolved PAHs( ΣPAHs) was from 157. 9 to 858. 0 ng / L. The horizontal distribution illustrated that the concentration of ΣPAHs decreased as salinity increased. Based on ratio analysis,PAHs have complicated sources. A Level III fugacity model was developed to simulate the multimedia fate of PAHs and to study the air-water exchange fluxes of three PAHs( phenanthrene,pyrene,benzo[a]pyrene) in the Jiulong River Estuary. The calculated concentration of PAHs was similar to that measured in this study or reported in earlier literature. At 16℃,the net atmosphere deposition fluxes of these PAHs were 17. 38,7. 86 and 8. 38 μg / day / m2. Phenanthrene was predominant in the atmospheric deposition. The net atmospheric deposition fluxes of these PAHs all decreased with tem-perature. When the temperature was above 32. 0℃,benzo[a]pyrene was released from the water into the air.国家自然科学基金(40776044);; 福建省自然科学基金(2012J05078);; 福建省杰出青年科学基金(2014J06014);; 中央高校基本科研专项(20720140507

Analysis of Differential Proteins Between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus Using Two Dimensional Polyacryamide Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

松材线虫是造成松树萎蔫病的病原,对松林威胁很大。其近似种拟松材线虫与松材线虫在形态学上极其相似,却不具致病性。所以,松材线虫和拟松材线虫的快速检测至关重要。应用双向电泳联用质谱技术,研究松材线虫和拟松材线虫的蛋白差异,并对差异蛋白进行MAldI-TOf/MS分析以及数据库鉴定,共鉴定了45个差异蛋白,其中松材线虫22个、拟松材线虫23个。不仅为松材线虫和拟松材线虫的准确鉴定打下基础,差异蛋白的进一步研究可望揭示松材线虫的致病机理。The plane-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease,which is the most serious conifer disease in the world.However,it is difficult to differentiate isolates of B.xylophilus from the closely related species B.mucronatus,which is not pathogenic to pine trees.So it is very important to distinguish B.mucronatus from B.xylophilus rapidly.The author applied the two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to study the proteomics of the two nematodes,and had obtained 45 differentiate proteins,22 of which were from B.xylophilus and others were from B.mucronatus.The results supplied new insights into the rapid identification of B.xylophilus the virulence of B.xylophilus.国家自然科学基金“‘检测管’诱引松材线虫的机理研究”(30470234

Microeological Relationship Between Microalgal Virus and Host

病毒感染、杀死和裂解微藻是海洋生态系统中的普遍现象,在自然海洋环境中,有多种因素可以导致浮游植物细胞的损失,其中微藻的自然死亡(即细胞裂解)率是导致微藻损失的一个重要因素。由病毒介导的宿主死亡不仅可影响藻类物种的种间演替,也可能会影响种内演替、藻类群落的丰度及多样性等。越来越多的证据表明,病毒可以通过减少宿主种群数量或防止藻类宿主种群数量达到高峰的方式来控制浮游植物动力学指标。因此,藻类病毒与宿主之间的相互作用在赤潮动力学和感染的传播中发挥了重要作用。同时,病毒具有高度特异性宿主范围的发现拓展了我们对微藻种群动力学过程的认识。本文从病毒-微藻稳定感染系统模型、病毒对微藻种群动力学的调节、病毒介导的微藻死亡、宿主对病毒侵染的防御以及影响病毒与宿主相互作用的环境因素等方面综述微藻类病毒与宿主的相互作用关系。Algal viruses can infect,kill and lyse phytoplankton in marine ecosystems.Natural mortality(also known as cell lysis) of phytoplankton has been recognized as an important factor that caused the loss of microalgae.Viral-mediated mortality may not only affect algal species succession,but also affect intraspecies succession,the abundance and diversity of host cell communities in natural marine environments.More and more evidence showed that viruses can change phytoplankton dynamics through reduction of host populations,or by preventing algal host populations from reaching high levels.Therefore,algal virus-host interactions play important roles in bloom dynamics and the propagation of infection.At the same time,the identification of highly specific host ranges of viruses is changing our understanding of population dynamics.This paper reviews progress has been made in virus-host relationships,which involves the Virus-phytoplankton systems,viral control of phytoplankton dynamics,viral-mediated mortality of phytoplankton,host defense to viral offence,effect of viruses on algal population and important environmental factors affecting virus-host interactions.“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目子课题(2006BAD09A06);福建省自然科学基金项目(D0710020);厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(MEL0608

Ecosystem structure and function in northern Beibu GulfⅠ.The temporal and spatial variation of species composition on zooplankton

根据北部湾“908专项“于2006—2007年4个季节的调查数据,分析了北部湾北部浮游动物的种类组成及影响种数时空变化的环境因素。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物共计鉴定370种,隶属于8个门,19个类群。水螅水母类和桡足类是优势类群。种数变化呈如下从大至小的顺序为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季的单峰型季节性特征。种数平面分布与水深变化有关,种类数随水深的增加而增多。广温广盐类群和近岸低盐类群在该海域占据主导地位,与少数的河口类群及大洋类群形成北部湾北部特有的浮游动物群落组成结构。该海域在春季出现的暖温带种类由粤西沿岸经琼州海峡过道水带入本调查区。影响种数的环境因素呈季节性变化。地形特征、海流与水团的消长及浮游植物的生长与繁殖是影响浮游动物群落组成和水平分布推移的重要因素。The species composition of zooplankton in northern Beibu Gulf was studied based on the samples of Beibu Gulf collected during 2006—2007.The environmental factors which affected the number of species were also analyzed.The study showed that a total of 370 zooplankton taxa were identified,which belonging to 8 phyla,19 Taxa.Hydromedusae and Copepoda were dominant taxa.The species number of zooplankton,varied seasonally,was highest in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter.The distribution characteristics indicated that there was a gradual increase in the species number from shallow water to deep water.The wide-temperature-salinity group and the neritic low-salinity group which were dominant in this area formed a uniquely northern Beibu Gulf zooplankton community composition structure with few estuarine group and oceanic group.The temperate group appeared in spring might be brought in Beibu Gulf from neritic Guangdong by Qiongzhou Strait.The environmental factors which affected the number of species were varied during four seasons.Topographic feature,currents and water masses,phytoplankton were the main factors on zooplankton composition.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09); 海湾公益项目“东南沿海半封闭海湾生态系统对人类活动干扰的响应评价、生态重构技术及示范”(201005012

Ecosystem structure and function in northern Beibu Gulf Ⅱ.Quantitative distribution and dominant species of zooplankton

为了解北部湾北部海区浮游动物数量分布规律及优势种组成,2006—2007年对北部湾进行4个航次的综合性调查。根据浮游动物样品分析结果,研究了北部湾北部浮游动物的丰度、生物量和优势种组成,并利用SPEArMAn等级相关法分析丰度与环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物丰度年均值(183.5±142.9)Ind/M3,丰度的季节分布由高到低依次为秋季、夏季、冬季、春季;生物量年均值(139.5±116.8)Mg/M3,由高到低依次为春季、秋季、冬季、夏季特征。平面分布上,春、秋两季丰度分布呈远岸高近岸低的趋势,而夏、冬两季则在近岸海域形成高丰度区。生物量的平面分布趋势与丰度的分布趋势基本一致。丰度变化与环境因子的相关性显著,水深、温度及叶绿素A浓度是影响丰度分布的主要因素。肥胖软箭虫flACCISAgITTA EnflATA、亚强次真哲水蚤SubEuCAlAnuS SubCrASSuS和间型莹虾luCIfEr InTErMEdIuS在北部湾北部的优势地位显著,优势种演替具有明显的季节性。The distribution of zooplankton abundance and biomass in northern Beibu Gulf were studied based on the samples collected by vertically towing a net(80cm diameter,505μm mesh)including biological,chemical and hydrographic investigation from July 2006to December 2007.This study was important to know the variation of zooplankton abundance,biomass and dominant species.Environmental factors which affected the zooplankton abundance were tested using spearman rank correlation by BIOEVN of PRIMER 5.0.The study showed that both abundance and biomass of zooplankton in northern Beibu Gulf varied clearly with season.The average of abundance was(183.5±142.9)ind/m3,while the average biomass was(139.5±116.8)ind/m3.There was a gradual increase in the abundance from inshore to offshore in spring and autumn,while the abundance was high inshore in summer and winter.The abundance was the highest in autumn,followed by summer,winter and spring.Biomass horizontal distribution was similar with abundance,but varied differently during four seasons,in the order of spring,autumn, winter and summer.The correlation between abundance and environmental factors was significant.Depth,temperature and chlorophyll a were the main factors.Flaccisagitta enflata,Subeucalanus subcrassus and Lucifer intermedius dominated in northern Beibu Gulf especially.The dominant species changed dramatically during four seasons.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09); 海洋公益项目“东南沿海半封闭海湾生态系统对人类活动干扰的响应评价、生态重构技术及示范”(201005012

改性当地土壤技术修复富营养化水体综合效果研究:Ⅰ.水质改善的应急与长期效果与机制

2010年10月-2011年9月在太湖梅梁湾围隔内研究了改性当地土壤絮凝除藻及其对水质改善的应急和长期效果,并结合室内实验研究了该技术防控底泥再悬浮和减少底泥二次污染的长效机制.现场围隔实验结果表明,改性当地土壤除藻30 min后,TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP、PO34--P和Chl.a的去除率分别为66%、57%、60%、93%、92%和98%;长期监测结果表明,与对照区域相比,围隔内的TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TP和PO34--P在处理后11个月内的平均值分别降低了39.83%、52.30%、48.53%、18.75%和60.00%.室内再悬浮实验结果表明,改性土壤和沙子抗再悬浮能力较未改性土壤分别提高了3和5倍.室内柱培养结果表明改性土壤絮凝除藻和沙土覆盖相结合可有效提高表层沉积物-水界面的氧化还原电位和溶解氧,使沉积物向水体的TP和TN通量从源逆转成汇,PO34--P和NH4+-N通量大幅度降低.改性土壤技术在利用絮凝除藻快速改善水质后,可通过改性沙/土分层底泥调控分别达到对藻絮体再悬浮的物理控制和营养盐再释放的化学控制,通过将亚表层底泥中的藻细胞分解并被沉水植物根系吸收,可实现对底泥中水华蓝藻复苏和水体富营养化的长效生态控制

JUNO Sensitivity on Proton Decay p→νˉK+p\to \bar\nu K^+ Searches

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics. In this paper, the potential on searching for proton decay in $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification. Moreover, the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits to suppress the sizable background caused by other delayed signals. Based on these advantages, the detection efficiency for the proton decay via $p\to \bar\nu K^+$ is 36.9% with a background level of 0.2 events after 10 years of data taking. The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years exposure is $9.6 \times 10^{33}$ years, competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel