丙戊酸钠对戊四氮致痫大鼠海马组织粘着斑激酶表达的影响

目的:探讨抗癫痫药丙戊酸钠（VPA）对戊四氮（PTZ）致痫模型大鼠海马组织中粘着斑激酶（FAK）、FAK-pY397表达水平的影响。方法:将75只大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型组,VPA低、中、高剂量组(150,300,600 mg·kg-1·d-1) 5组,每组15只。造模大鼠连续腹腔注射戊四氮32 mg·kg-1·d-14周,密切观察大鼠行为学变化。造模成功后,VPA各组给予相应剂量VPA灌胃,连续2周。苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察大鼠海马组织变化;免疫组化及酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测大鼠外周血清及海马组织中FAK、FAK-pY397及整合素表达情况。结果:与模型组比较,VPA各组癫痫症状有明显缓解,细胞凋亡情况有所改善;免疫组化发现VPA组FAK-pY397的表达明显下降,且随着VPA剂量的加大,FAK-pY397的表达有下降趋势,ITGα3表达组间无显著差异; VPA低、中、高剂量组海马组织中FAK,FAK-pY397及整合素ITGβ1表达水平下降,差异具有显著性（P <0. 05）;外周血清中FAK及整合素ITGβ1蛋白表达水平显著下降（P <0. 05）,但FAK-pY397表达无明显变化。结论:VPA可能通过抑制癫痫大鼠海马组织中FAK-pY397及ITGβ1的表达,参与或影响癫痫过程。漳州市自然科学基金课题(编号:ZZ2017J41

Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate with High Sensitivity by Fluorescence Recovery through Shifting the Equilibrium between Anionic Phthalocyanine and Cationic Surfactant

目的建立高灵敏荧光增强法测定硫酸软骨素的新方法,并用于实际样品测定。方法对荧光光谱行为的考察显示,在PH 7.0的介质中,具有共轭结构的阳离子头部和长碳链尾部的阳离子表面活性剂对四磺基铝酞菁(AlS4PC)的荧光具有高效猝灭作用,二者形成无荧光离子缔合物。此离子缔合物可对带有磺酸基团的高分子黏多糖硫酸软骨素(CS)作出灵敏响应。在CS的存在下,反应体系荧光显著恢复,最大恢复倍数可达900倍。由于猝灭效率高,荧光恢复程度大,甚至可实现目视化观测。结果工作曲线响应区间0.2~6μg·Ml-1,检测限0.09μg·Ml-1,工作曲线lOgy=0.158 23ρ-0.035 97,r=0.998 7。本实验对该法用于批量样品分析的可行性进行了考察,结果表明,所建立的方法可望用于高通量分析。结论该法操作简便,灵敏度、稳定性与检测准确性好。所建立的方法成功地用于组成复杂的实际样品中CS的定量分析,解决了实际工作中的难点。OBJECTIVE To propose a novel method for quantitative determination of chondroitin sulfate in real samples using the ion-association phthalocyanine complex as a fluorescent probe emitting at red-region.METHODS The fluorescence of tetrasulpnonated aluminum phthalocyanine( AlS4Pc),an anionic metal phthalocyanine,was quenched dramatically by cationic surfactants which contain a positively-charged head with a conjugated structure and a long carbon chain as tail through the formation of an almost non-fluorescent association complex.Hexadecylpyridinium bromide( CPB) screened from a series of cationic surfactants was selected as a quencher because of its high fluorescence quenching efficiency.It was found that the ion-association complex( AlS4Pc-CPB) emitted strong fluorescence in the presence of chondroitin sulfate,due to the ability of chondroitin sulfate to shift the association equilibrium of the ionassociation complex,which led to the release of AlS4Pc,thus resulting in an increase in the fluorescence of AlS4Pc.The method based on the above-mentioned phenomenon was investigated in the aspects of spectral characteristics,effect of pH,influence of reaction time, order of addition of reagents,the usage of reagents,and interference of foreign substances.RESULTS Under optimal conditions,the linear range of the assay for chondroitin sulfate was 0.2- 6 μg·mL- 1with a detection limit of 0.09 μg·mL- 1.CONCLUSOIN The established method is not only sensitive,accurate but also simple and reliable.It has been used to the analysis of real samples with complicated composition with satisfactory results.It has also been successfully applied in batch test combined with well-reader technique,exhibiting great potential for high-throughput analysis.福建省科技重点资助项目(2012Y0081); 福建省公益类科研院所基本专项(2010R1101)资助项

The Phylogeny Tree Reconstruction Based on the Usage Frequencyof Codons and Corresponding Complementary Codons

为了更深入地了解密码子与互补密码子使用相关的内涵,70个单细胞和多细胞生物被更进一步的分析。结果得到70种细胞生物具有较高的相关系数平均值(0.5101,标准差是0.1389),表明密码子与其互补密码子使用间确实存在正的使用相关联系,进一步地支持了以前的结果。此外,通过对70个单细胞和多细胞生物在基于密码子与互补密码子使用频率差异,以及配对频率的高低信息的分析基础上,绘制进化树,得到的进化树与传统的进化树非常接近。The hypothesis that a codon bias usage is identical to its complementary codon usage preference has been investigated by using the relationship analysis of codons vs their complementary ones among 70 organisms. Significantly positive usage correlations between codons and their complementary ones were found and its implication in biology was also analyzed. The codoncomplementary codon tree was further built, which fairly exhibited the evolutionary relationship of these organisms. The results not only demonstrated the validity of our hypothesis,but also manifested the usefulness of correlation analysis in studying on codon usage pattern and molecular evolutionary mechanisms of organism.ThisworkwassupportedbyagrantfromtheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.60305001)andagrantfromtheScienceandTechnologyMinistryofChina(PreliminaryStudyonFunctionalGenomeSystematics)(No.2001CCA01400)

ディスカッション

会議名: 国立国語研究所第8回NINJALフォーラム, 開催地: 一橋大学 一橋講堂 (学術総合センター), 会期: 2014年9月21日, 主催: 国立国語研究所, 共催: 国際交流基金日本語国際センター, 後援: JSL漢字学習研究

A Study on Relationship between Employee Personality and Job Performance in Insurance Industry

人才將決定企業的存續與發展，企業組織在面對環境變局的挑戰下，保險業市場也著重於人才的培育，各個保險公司都積極招募人才，但卻面臨人才養成不易及人員流動率偏高的問題。 本研究以A個案公司業務員為研究對象，以Tamara Lowe(1999)之激勵DNA量表，針對每個人獨特的激勵類型，協助企業各階層主管領導型態，探討與業務員「工作績效」的關連性進行探究，並依據統計分析後的結果，提供給個案公司在業務員「甄選工具」設計之參考。 本研究旨在探討，業務員人格特質激勵類型、主管領導型態和組織激勵制度是不是影響工作績效之重要因素，以及各構面間之互動關係。最後，加入人口統計特性，研究其對工作績效之影響。 本研究經過實證結果之後得到下列結論：(1) 業務員人格類型中驅動力類型對工作績效有顯著相關，獎賞類型則對責任額達成率有顯著影響。(2) 不同人格類型的員工，透過不同的主管領導，可提升其工作績效。(3) 不同的人格特質對其激勵制度的偏好，若藉由激勵制度能激發其工作績效。(4)人口統計特性中，婚姻對員工主觀績效會有顯著差異；而年資與職位不同，則對主觀績效及責任額達成率有顯著差異。 根據資料分析結果，本研究提出對保險公司之建議：業務主管應依照業務員不同之人格特質調整其領導方式，且應針對每人不同之需求輔以適當之激勵制度，以有效提升員工工作績效、達成組織目標。目錄 中文摘要 i 目錄 ii 表目錄 iii 圖目錄 v 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 6 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 保險業產業發展概況 7 第二節 人格特質 12 第三節 領導型態 18 第四節 激勵制度 27 第五節 工作績效 33 第三章 研究流程與方法 37 第一節 研究架構與假設 37 第二節 研究個案公司 39 第三節 研究對象與流程 40 第四節 研究構面的衡量變數及操作性定義 40 第五節 研究工具 45 第六節 資料分析方法 49 第七節 問卷信度分析 51 第四章 實證研究結果與分析 55 第一節 樣本結構分析 55 第二節 描述性統計分析 57 第三節 因素與信度分析 64 第四節 相關分析 70 第五節 獨立樣本T檢定 72 第六節 變異數分析 72 第七節 研究假設檢定結果 79 第一節 研究結論 81 第二節 研究限制與建議 82 參考文獻 84 附錄 9

Computer Simulation of Robust Process Parameter Searching Method Applid to Multiple Quality Objective

[[abstract]]在射出成型的過程中，因為環境的因素對製程能力產生干擾，導致高的不良率產生，因此本論文將運用強健型製程參數搜尋法，找到一組射出機台的加工參數組合，可增加品質強健性。在論文中探討到單一及多重品質特性，使用田口方法、主成份分析法來搜尋最佳化參數點組合，再確認此參數點是否在允許環境變異的範圍內具有強健性，若否，則使用強健型製程參數搜尋法找尋強健點。 本研究方法主要以模流分析軟體Moldex3D模擬塑膠產品於不同的品質缺陷，實現強健型製程參數搜尋法搜尋出來的強健點是否能具有足夠抵抗外在環境的變異。探討的加工參數含塑料溫度、模具溫度、射出壓力、保壓壓力、保壓時間、射出速率、射出行程及冷卻時間。考量載具導光板最在意尺寸精確性、良好的外觀及光學性質，故品質缺陷探討剪切應力、翹曲位移量、體積收縮。 利用蒙地卡羅的方法驗證比較經過強健型製程參數搜尋法所搜尋之參數點，比較田口方法、主成份分析法所搜尋的製程參數設定點，發現前者在預設的干擾範圍內比後者更具有強健性。單一品質特性的剪切應力強健點改善了約44%，翹曲位移量方面改善了約33%，多重品質特性則是改善了約55%，由此可知搜尋強健製程參數可增長機台在生產過程的週期，降低不良率產生之機率。[[abstract]]As the process ability will be affected by environment factors to lead to a high defective rate in injection molding, thus, the paper will employ the robust process parameter searching method to find a process parameter setting for the injection machine to increase the robustness. In the paper, single and multiple quality characters are discussed, and through Taguchi’s Method and the principal component analysis, the best parameter point setting can be found and then be checked whether the parameter point is robust enough within the allowable changes of the environment, if not, the robust point should be found by the robust process parameter searching method. The research mainly uses the mold flow analysis software, Moldex3D to simulate different quality defects of plastic products to implement the robust point found out by the robust process parameter searching method to see if the robust point is strong enough to resist the environment changes, and the explored parameter includes temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, packing pressure, packing time, injection speed, injection position and cooling time. The preciseness, good outward appearance, and optical characters of LGP are paid most attention so that the quality defects focus on stress, warpage and shrinkage. The parameter point searched by the robust process parameter searching method and the ones found out by Taguchi’s Method and principal component analysis separately can be testified and compared through Monte Carlo Method, and we can discover that the initial value of the interference range of the former is more robust. The robust point of stress for single quality characters has been improved 44%, and the warpage is improved 33%; the multiple quality characters are improved 55%. From this, we can know that the cycle in the machine production process can be extended by searching for the robust process parameter to reduce the probability of defective rates

Application of Cationic Aluminum Phthalocyanine,a Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probe,for Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of RNA at Nanogram Level

荷正电的四取代三甲基碘化铵铝酞菁(Tetra(trimethylammionio)aluminum phthalocyanine,TTMAAlPc)是新近出现的、很有应用潜力的新型红区荧光化合物。研究表明,弱碱性条件,RNA对TTMAAlPc的荧光具有高效猝灭作用,且猝灭程度与RNA含量呈线性正相关。据此发现建立了可测定纳克级RNA的高灵敏定量分析新方法,并对原理进行了讨论。考察了pH、缓冲体系、反应时间、温度、TTMAAlPc浓度的影响,确定了最佳反应条件(pH 8.0的广泛缓冲液、反应5 min、室温、浓度为2×10-6 mol·L-1的TTMAAlPc)。在最佳条件下,方法的线性回归方程为y=-15.0+0.51x,相关系数r=0.998 6,线性范围7.71~1 705.57ng·mL-1,检测限为1.55ng·mL-1。本法灵敏度高、线性范围宽、对RNA测定常见干扰物质包括阴、阳离子、表面活性剂和维生素等的抗干扰能力强,且操作简便。该法应用于实际样品RNA含量的测定,取得了满意的结果。还以参比法首次测定了不同pH下TTMAAlPc的荧光量子产率,结果显示TTMAAlPc具有较高的荧光量子产率,且对大范围的酸度稳定,表明TTMAAlPc是极具应用潜力的新型红色荧光探针,值得深入研究,开拓其应用。Tetrasubstituted trimethyl ammonium iodide aluminum phthalocyanine(TTMAAlPc),apositively charged phthalocyanine compound,is an emerging and potentially useful red-emitting fluorescence probe.The study showed that the fluorescence of TTMAAlPc could be quenched by RNA with high efficiency in weak alkaline media,and the degree of quenching has a linear relationship with RNA in a wide concentration range.The mechanism of quenching behavior of RNA on TTMAAlPc was discussed.It was attributed by the static interaction between RNA and TTMAAlPc,and the assembly of TTMAAlPc induced by RNA.Based on this new discovery,a novel method for quantitative determination of RNA at nanogram level has been established.The factors,including the pH of medium,buffer system,reaction time,reaction temperature,the usage of TTMAAlPc as well as the interferences,which affected the determination,were investigated and discussed.Under optimum conditions,the linear range of the calibration curve was 7.71~1 705.57ng·mL-1.The detection limit for RNA was 1.55ng·mL-1.This method has been applied to the analysis of practical samples with satisfied results.The constructed method is of high sensitivity and has a wide linear range,it also showed strong ability in the tolerance of foreign substances from anions,cations,surfactants and vitamins,all of which are common interferences encountered in the determination of RNA.Besides,it is the first report that the fluorescence quantum yield of TTMAAlPc has been measured at different pH by reference method in this work.The achieved data indicated that the fluorescence quantum yield of TTMAAlPc is larger than 20% and it keeps constant in a wide range of acidity,implying that TTMAAlPc is a high-quality red-emitting fluorescence probe,it has great potential for practical applications,thus is worthy of further study.This work expands the application of phthalocyanine compound in analytical sciences.国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(90206016);; 福建省科技重点项目(2012Y0081);; 省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2014R1102,2015R1101031-2);; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20143015)资

Sensitive Determination of Chondroitin Sulfate by Fluorescence Recovery of an Anionic Aluminum Phthalocyanine-Cationic Surfactant Ion-Association Complex Used as a Fluorescent Probe Emitting at Red Region

硫酸软骨素的测定在生物医学领域有重要价值,但常规检测法在灵敏度、选择性或简易性方面尚存在不足。本文基于带正电基团的阳离子表面活性剂对具有红区发射特性的强荧光化合物—荷负电的四磺基铝酞菁具有高效荧光猝灭作用,而在生物多糖硫酸软骨素存在下,上述荧光猝灭体系荧光显著恢复的现象,提出酞菁-表面活性剂离子缔合物荧光恢复高灵敏测定硫酸软骨素的新方法,并用于实际样品分析。研究表明,中性介质中,红区荧光探针四磺基铝酞菁(TETrASulfOnATEd AluMInIuM PHTHAlOCyAnInE,AlS4PC)与阳离子表面活性剂十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(TETrAdECyldIMETHylbEnzylAMMOnIuM CHlOrIdE,TdbAC)发生强烈的缔合作用,导致AlS4PC的荧光几乎完全猝灭,从而获得暗背景的荧光体系。在加入带有阴离子基团(磺酸基)的生物多糖硫酸软骨素(CHOndrOITIn SulfATE,CS)后,由于竞争结合作用,AlS4PC被释放而使体系的荧光大幅度恢复,且恢复程度与CS呈线性正相关。优化了反应条件,考察了共存物质的影响,结果表明本法具有较好的选择性。在最佳条件下,线性范围为0.20~10.0μg·Ml-1,检测限为0.070μg·Ml-1,工作曲线方程y=1.04X+2.09,r=0.999 5。该法操作简便,灵敏度、稳定性与准确性好,实际样品的分析结果令人满意。酞菁荧光化合物在分析科学中的应用尚不多见,本文工作进一步开拓了酞菁红区荧光探针的新应用。Determination of chondroitin sulfate in the biomedical field has an important value.The conventional methods for the assay of chondroitin sulfate are still unsatisfactory in sensitivity,selectivity or simplicity.This work aimed at developing a novel method for sensitive and selective determination of chondroitin sulfate by fluorimetry.We found that some kinds of cationic surfactants have the ability to quench the fluorescence of tetrasulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine(AlS4Pc),a strongly fluorescent compound which emits at red region,with high efficiency.But,the fluorescence of the above-mentioned fluorescence quenching system recovered significantly when chondroitin sulfate(CS)exits.Tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride(TDBAC)which was screened from all of the candidates of cationic surfactants was chosen as the quencher because it shows the most efficient quenching effect.It was found that the fluorescence of AlS4 Pc was extremely quenched by TDBAC because of the formation of association complex between AlS4 Pc and TDBAC.Fluorescence of the association complex recovered dramatically after the addition of chondroitin sulfate(CS)due to the ability of chondroitin sulfate to shift the association equilibrium of the association,leading to the release of AlS4 Pc,thus resulting in an increase in the fluorescence of the reaction system.Based on this phenomenon,a novel method with simplicity,accuracy and sensitivity was developed for quantitative determination of CS.Factors including the reaction time,influencing factors and the effect of coexisting substances were investigated and discussed.Under optimum conditions the linear range of the calibration curve was 0.20~10.0μg·mL-1.The detection limit for CS was 0.070μg·mL-1.The method has been applied to the analysis of practical samples with satisfied results.This work expands the applications of AlS4 Pc in biomedical area.福建省科技重点项目(2012Y0081); 福建省公益类科研院所基本专项项目(2010R1101;2014R1102); 厦门市科技项目(3502Z20143015)资

Novel Method for Determination of Lysozyme Based on Fluorescence Recovery of a Cationic Aluminum Phthalocyanine-Mucopolysaccharides Association Complex Used as a Red Emitting Fluorogenic Substrate

在弱酸性介质中,具有红区发射特性的强荧光化合物阳离子铝酞菁(TTMAAlPC)在带磺酸基团的低浓度阴离子黏多糖(肝素,HP)的存在下,发生诱导聚集,导致酞菁荧光几乎完全猝灭。此聚集缔合物可作为溶菌酶的荧光底物,在溶菌酶的水解作用下,HP降解为小分子片段,破坏了TTMAAlPC的诱导聚集行为而使其释放,体系荧光显著恢复。据此现象,建立了测定溶菌酶的新方法。结合荧光光谱与荧光各向异性技术对反应机理进行了探讨。确定了最佳反应条件(醋酸缓冲体系,PH4.0、反应温度70$C、反应时间30 MIn),考察了共存物质的影响。在最佳条件下,方法的线性回归方程为y=#30.12121+214.65772X,r=0.99871,线性范围为0.2~2 Mg/l,检出限0.015 Mg/l。本研究操作简便且有较好的选择性和灵敏度。本方法用于溶菌酶实际样品的测定,并与常规的比浊法进行了比较,结果符合良好。本研究将阳离子金属酞菁荧光探针用于酶分析,开拓了酞菁荧光探针的应用范围。We developed a novel method for the rapid determination of lysozyme using a new fluorogenic substrate that consists of a cationic aluminum phthalocyanine( tetra( trimethylammonio) aluminum phthalocyanine,TTMAAlPc), and an anionic mucopolysaccharide( heparin, HP).We found that fluorescence from the cationic aluminum phthalocyanine,a red-region fluorescence probe,was quenched significantly in acidic media in the presence of low concentrations of anionic mucopolysaccharide heparin( HP) bearing anionic sulfonic acid groups,because of induced aggregation.The practically non-fluorescent substrate degraded into small molecular fragments upon the hydrolysis of lysozyme, and thus the phthalocyanine molecules aggregated in HP were released,resulting in significant fluorescence recovery in the reaction system.This phenomenon forms the foundation of the proposed method.The reaction mechanism was determined using fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence anisotropy techniques.Factors that affected the determination were investigated.Under optimal conditions,the linear range was 0.2- 2 mg /L,and the detection limit was 0.015 mg /L.The developed method is easy to operate and has good selectivity and sensitivity.This method was used in the analysis of practical samples of lysozyme,and the results were in agreement with those determined by a conventional turbidimetric method.国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(No.90206016); 福建省科技重点项目(No.2012Y0081); 福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(No.2010R1039-3)~