Intervening measures for improper prescription in clinic:introduction and empirical analysis

目的:介绍福建省某三甲医院干预不合理处方的措施并进行分析,探讨提高处方质量的方法。方法:参照2010年2月10日卫生部印发的《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》,结合本院近年来对不合理处方干预的资料与经验,深入分析各种不合理处方的干预措施及其综合应用的有效性。结果:处方自动监测系统(PASS)干预、审核药师审核退回、调配发药药师拦截、临床药师介入进行回顾性汇总分析、宣传教育行政干预等措施相结合是提高处方质量的有效方法。结论:不合理处方的干预要有统一可行的标准,医院通过各个环节紧密配合,临床药师介入处方干预的各个环节,配合行政干预,加强宣传教育,共同对不合理处方进行干预,有望在不合理处方干预方面取得成效。Objective:Intervening measures for improper prescription in a Three-A hospital of Fujian province was introduced and analyzed to discuss the approach improving the prescription quality.Methods: The data and experiences in our hospital in recent years were collected and analyzed.According to "Tentative Management Regulation of Prescription Comment in Hospital" issued by Ministry of Health,China on February 2010,various intervening measures for improper prescription were fully discussed.Results: Following measures could be integrated into application to improve prescription quality: intervene with prescription automatic screening system(PASS),withdraw after reviewed by a senior pharmacist,intercept by a dosage pharmacist,intervention through review analysis by clinical pharmacist,and administrative disturbance through health education.Conclusion: A uniform practicable standard is needed in the field of intervention for improper prescription.Cooperation between different sectors of a hospital,clinical pharmacist involvement in all phases of prescription intervention,assistant with administrative disturbance,and health education are expected to make progress in improving improper prescription

乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑抑郁状况的调查及相关因素分析

目的:评估乳腺癌患者配偶的焦虑抑郁状况,分析影响焦虑抑郁的相关因素。方法:采用问卷方式,调查蚌埠医学院第一附属医院肿瘤外科110名乳腺癌患者配偶。该问卷由焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和人口社会学资料组成。结果:乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为43.36%和40.91%。SAS、SDS评分与国内常模比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。乳腺癌患者配偶常见焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关因素为年龄、文化程度、付费形式、家庭月收入、肿瘤分期等。结论:乳腺癌患者配偶焦虑、抑郁的发生率较高,临床护理中要加强对配偶的心理干预

Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous PDT For Advanced Liver Cancer A Report of 30 Cases

为探讨治疗中晚期肝癌的理想方法，扩大和发展光动力疗法，自1994年6月起，我们应用光动力疗法（PdT）治疗中晚期肝癌30例，其中肝细胞癌28例、腺癌2例。肿瘤直径7~10CM的13例、10CM以上至16CM的17例。伴肺转移5例、骨转移5例、门静脉或腔静脉浸润4例。首次治疗19例、其他方法治疗无效或复发者11例。本研究采用氩激光泵浦染料激光器系统，获得630nM波长的连续波治疗光。光敏剂选用血卟啉衍生物（HPd）。治疗时通过b超引导经皮肝穿，将光纤导入肿瘤组织中布点照射。治疗后未见肝功能明显损伤，未出现肝穿出血、腹膜炎等严重并发症，没有一个月内病情恶化者。有14例患者只作一次治疗，其中5例出院后失访；另9例肿瘤部分缓解率为22%。16例患者接受二、三次治疗，肿瘤部分缓解率达到62%。随访病例中有8例已存活1年以上。patients with advanced liver cancer were treated by interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT).These included 28 hepatocellular carcinoma and two adenocarcinoma, 19 primary tumors and 11 recurred Following other treatments.The diameter of tumors were 7 10 cm in 13 cases and 10 16 cm in 17 cases.In this study, an argon laser pumped dye laser system was used to give a CW laser beam at 630 nm which was split and coupled into three optical Fibers.The patients received injection of photosensitizer of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) i.v.at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight 48 h prior to laser irradiation.Then the Fibers were inserted into tumor by ultrasonic visualization guided percutaneous liver puncture.The inserted irradiation points were spaced in entire tumor volume and the tumor was irradiated with a light output power of 300 mW For 12 minuts per point.Totally 52 treatments were perFormed in 30 patients.Among them, 14 cases were treated by only one time and 16 cases 2 or 3 times.The Follow up were carried out in 25 cases For 3 18 months.The results show that signiFicant remission was 22% (2/9) in those patients by only one treatment and 62% (10/16) in those by 2 or 3 treatments.The reduction rate of tumor size was over 90% in Five out of six cases aFter 3 treatments.8 patients have been surviving over one year.No obvious change was Found in all patients examined by liver Function test, renal Function test and blood routine examination.The level of AFP depicted a descending tendency aFter PDT.Our Findings indicate that PDT is eFFective and saFe For the treatment of large liver cancers including those recurred Following hepatic resection and those Failed in hepatic artery inFusion embolic chemotherapy.福建省“八五”攻关资

Anxiety and depression status of patients with breast cancer and analysis of the related factors

目的:确定乳腺癌手术患者焦虑、抑郁状况及主要相关因素,为临床心理干预提供依据。方法:采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表及自行设计的调查问卷,对230例术后患者进行焦虑、抑郁评定和相关因素的分析。结果:乳腺癌患者焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为56.09%、49.57%。乳腺癌手术患者常见焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关因素为年龄、文化程度、付费形式、家庭月收入、肿瘤分期等。结论:乳腺癌患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率较高,临床护理中要加强心理干预,以改善围手术期乳腺癌患者的心理状态

Application of Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy For Liver Cancer under Real time US Guidance

报道30例超声引导间质性激光动力学疗法（InTErSTITIAlPHOTOdynAMICTHErAPy，IPdT）治疗中晚期肝癌新方法的临床应用结果，旨在评价其临床应用价值。采用氩激光泵浦染料激光器，获得630nM波长的连续治疗光，光敏剂选用血卟啉衍生物（HPd），于超声引导下将光纤导入肿瘤组织内进行间质性照射。结果表明：1有14例患者仅行一次治疗（其中5例失访），肿瘤部分缓解率为22%，16例患者接受2~3次治疗，肿瘤部分缓解率达62%。随访病例中已有8例存活一年以上。2所有病例未见严重并发症。这种治疗方法是一种有效而安全的治疗肝癌新方法。To evaluate the eFFicacy of interstitial photodynamic therapy (IPDT) For liver cancer, 30 patients with liver cancer were treated with IPDT under US guidance.An argon laser pumped dye laser system was used to give a CW laser beam at 630 nm.The patients were injected intravenously with photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight 48 h beFore IPDT.Then the optical Fibers were inserted into tumor under ultrasound guidance, the tumors were irradiated with CW laser.Clinical results showed that ①14 cases were treated only one time, the partial remission rate of the tumor was 22%, 16 cases were treated by 2￣3 times, the partial remission rate of tumors was 62%.In 8 cases the survival time was over one year; ②No severe complication and side reaction were Found aFter IPDT in this series.It is suggested that IPDT is a saFe and eFFective new method For treatment of liver cancer.福建省“八五”攻关基

野外监测站群组集成知识平台可持续能力建设--以中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所为例/Construction of Sustainable Ability for Knowledge Platform of Field Monitor Stations Cluster-Take Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS as an Example[J]

在数字信息环境和数字科研模式下，野外台（站）研究领域知识信息环境急需得到改善和提升。本文针对中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所野外站（点）集成知识平台建设必要性、意义、内容、目标、团队、子项目建设、建设成效等进行了论述。期望呈现给大家一个全新野外监测站群组集成知识环境，为今后更好地在野外台站开展学科信息服务提供参考，为生地所的“一三五”规划的顺利实施提供重要支撑

项目环评中公众参与若干问题的分析[J]

本文论述了环境影响评价中公众参与的概念及其意义,通过分析我国环境影响评价中公众参与存在的若干问题,针对性地提出几点完善措施以期提高环评中公众参与的有效性

菠菜硝态氮累积和还原与植株生长的关系/Nitrate Accumulation and Reduction in Spinach and Their Relations to Plant Growth[J]

通过盆栽试验,以两个硝态氮含量差异显著的菠菜品种为供试材料,在不同生长时期,测定了叶柄、叶片干重、水分含量、硝态氮含量及叶片内源和外源硝酸还原酶活性,研究菠菜硝态氮累积和硝酸还原酶活性的动态变化及其与植株生长变化的关系.结果表明,随生长期后移,叶柄、叶片及地上部干重和水分含量先增加而后降低,硝态氮含量则持续降低,低硝态氮累积品种S9的下降更为明显,出苗后52d和62d地上部分别降低了100%和89.7%;叶片内源和外源酶活性则随植株生长量增加而增加,高硝态氮累积品种S4增加(379%和199%)更明显,之后该品种酶活性随植株生长量降低而显著下降,品种S9却显著增加,分别为121%和288%.生长前期,品种S4硝态氮含量、干重增长速率及内源、外源酶活性均显著高于品种S9,内源/外源酶活性比值却明显低于后者;生长后期,除外源酶活性和内源/外源酶活性比值外,品种间差异均不明显.因此,生长前期高累积品种硝态氮含量降低较少,主要原因可能是其内源/外源酶活性比值(70.7%)较低,生长后期该品种的内源/外源酶活性比值(98.2%)显著增加后,硝态氮含量迅速下降进一步证明了这一推测.综合上述结果可知,内源/外源酶活性比值更能揭示植株生长变化引起的品种间硝态氮含量变化差异

荒漠灌木的自集水功能及其生态意义[C]

梭梭、柽柳和沙拐枣等荒漠灌木广泛分布于中亚干旱区和我国北方荒漠区,是沙漠地区重要的建群种植物.通过在吉尔班通古特沙漠南缘开展的定位实验,系统研究了荒漠灌木树干径流特征及其在根区土壤的入渗储存特征,研究了冬季树冠枝条的凝结水特征.结果表明：(1)梭梭具有很好的自集水功能,具有最高的径流率和最低的形成树干径流的初始降雨量.梭梭可以使小降雨事件的水量通过树冠枝条的汇流在根区土壤储存,避免无效蒸发,成为有效水分.梭梭、柽柳和沙拐枣的平均树干径流率分别为10.64％、3.89％和3.17％,形成树干径流的最小降雨量分别为0.33mm、1.32mm和0.62mm,降雨在3种荒漠灌木根部的汇集比率(Funneling Ratio)分别为145.76、52.26、69.01,使得梭梭根区土壤存在明显的"湿岛",根区60 cm土层水分储量是裸地的1.49倍.(2)梭梭雾凇凝结水总量占冬季降水量的21.8％,梭梭雾凇凝结水量是雪面凝结水量的5倍,荒漠植物的雾凇凝结水可以增加古尔班通古特沙漠植被分布区域局地水资源量.(3)梭梭根区的稳定入渗率是裸地稳定入渗率的2～3倍,稳定入渗率随着距离梭梭根基的增加而呈指数型下降；古尔班通古特沙漠冻结土壤具有良好的入渗能力,为春季雪融水在土壤中的有效储存创造了条件,雪融水转化为土壤水分的比例高达78.8％-92％.可见,在干旱区,降水在植被的作用下,提高了其有效性,同时,植株可以得到可观的凝结水量.荒漠灌木的这种自集水能力为其抵御干旱、成为优势种创造了条件,对于荒漠生态系统植被的稳定具有重要的意义