Studies on the Financial Security in the Process of Capital Account Liberalization

内容摘要20世纪80年代以来,发展中国家的资本账户开放进程出现了明显加快的趋势。这一方面为发展中国家吸引了大量的国际资本，促进了经济繁荣；另一方面，也给经济金融运行带来很多不确定因素，许多国家在开放资本账户进程中都曾出现严重的经济失衡或动荡，甚至发生金融危机，开放中的金融安全问题因而凸现出来。随着中国经济的市场化和国际化进程的加快，资本账户开放已经不再是一个要不要的问题，而是如何开放的问题。在资本账户开放过程中，金融安全是一个无法回避的现实问题，如何在开放过程中，有效地防御国际资本对我国的冲击，维护金融安全，促进经济健康持续发展，是一个亟待研究的重大课题。首先介绍资本账户开放和金融安全的概念，...Abstract Since 1980s, the liberalization of the developing nations' capital account has been obviously speeding up. This on the one hand has attracted the massive international capital for the developing nation, promoted the economic boom; On the other hand, it brought many uncertainty elements to the economical financial movement, many countries have been plagued by serious imbalance or tu...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：经济学院财政金融系_金融学(含保险学)学号：X20024200

国际资本流动对金融经济的影响及我国的对策

国际资本流入和流出我国的规模在不断扩大,国际资本流动给一国金融经济带来利益的同时,也对该国金融经济的稳定和发展造成了冲击。面对国际资本流动,我国的政策取向是稳定宏观经济,完善金融体系改革,控制和治理资本外逃,防范国际投机资本的冲击,采取谨慎、务实的态度,有步骤地推进资本账户开放

Ionic mechanism underlying distinctive excitability in atrium and ventricle of the heart

心肌细胞兴奋性是维持正常的心脏活动的一个重要生理因素。本研究旨在使用全细胞膜片技术探讨豚鼠心房和心室肌细胞不同兴奋性的离子机理。结果显示,心室肌细胞兴奋性比心房肌细胞低。虽然豚鼠心室肌细胞的电压门控快nA+电流(InA)密度较低,但与其兴奋性较低并不相关,因为其在阀电位附近的可用度比率比心房肌细胞高。经典内向整流钾电流(Ik1)在心室肌细胞比在心房肌细胞更大,这可能是心室肌细胞兴奋性较低的部分原因。此外,去极化引起的有内向整流特性的瞬时外向钾电流(ITOIr)在心室肌细胞较大,并可能是其兴奋性较低的主要原因。在心室肌细胞,5μMOl/l bA2+显著抑制ITOIr,增强细胞兴奋性,并使InA激活的阈电位更负,其作用独立于对InA的影响。本研究结果证明,除经典的Ik1外,ITOIr在豚鼠心房肌和心室肌细胞的兴奋性差异形成和心肌兴奋性维持中起着主要作用。然而,ITOIr增加是否会通过降低兴奋性以保护心脏,还需要进一步研究。Cellular excitability is an important physiological factor in maintaining normal cardiac activity.The present study was designed to investigate the ionic mechanism underlying different excitability in atrial and ventricular myocytes of guinea pig heart using a whole-cell patch configuration.We found that excitability is lower in ventricular myocytes than that in atrial myocytes.Although the density of voltage-gated fast Na+ current(INa) was lower in ventricular myocytes, it would not correlate to the lower excitability since its availability was greater than that in atrial myocytes around threshold potential.Classical inward rectifier K+ current(IK1) was greater in ventricular myocytes than that in atrial myocytes, which might contribute in part to the lower excitability.In addition, the transient outward K+ current with inward rectification(Itoir) elicited by depolarization was greater in ventricular myocytes than that in atrial myocytes and might contribute to the lower excitability.In ventricular myocytes, Ba2+ at 5 μmol/L significantly inhibited Itoir, enhanced excitability, and shifted the threshold potential of INa activation to more negative, and the effect was independent of affecting INa.Our results demonstrate the novel information that in addition to classical IK1, Itoir plays a major role in determining the distinctive excitability in guinea pig atrial and ventricular myocytes and maintaining cardiac excitability.More effort is required to investigate whether increase of Itoir would be protective via reducing excitability.supportedbySunChiehYehHeartFoundationofHongKongandaGeneralResearchFund(HKU771712M)fromResearchGrantCouncilofHongKon

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Carbonyl Iron Systems

手性羰基铁络合物很少被用于芳香酮的不对称氢转移氢化 .利用不同的羰基铁络合物与手性双胺双膦配体现场络合 ,形成手性胺膦铁催化体系 .考察了它们对多种芳香酮的不对称氢转移催化氢化性能 .结果表明 ,三核的手性胺膦铁簇合物是催化芳香酮不对称氢转移氢化的较好体系 .当用三核的铁簇合物 [Et3 NH] + [HFe3 (CO) 11] -体系催化 1,1 二苯基丙酮的氢化时 ,最高可获得 98%的对映选择性 .通过现场红外光谱测定 ,揣测羰基铁簇合物Fe3 (CO) 12 在催化反应过程中保持三核的簇合物的簇骼不变 .Chiral carbonyl iron systems have seldom been used in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. In this study, new chiral iron catalytic systems were synthesized in situ from different carbonyl iron complexes with chiral diaminodiphosphine ligands, respectively. These catalytic systems have been used for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones under mild conditions. The results indicated that trinuclear iron complexes were the best systems for the reactions. When the [Et 3NH]+[HFe 3(CO) 11]- as catalyst was used for asymmetric reduction of 1,1-diphenylacetone, high enantioselectivity up to 98% was achieved. Monitoring the reaction in situ by infrared spectroscopy, it could be conjectured that the carbonyl iron cluster Fe 3(CO) 12 kept its trinuclear skeleton unchanged during the catalytic reaction.国家自然科学基金 (No.2 0 3730 56);; 福建省科技厅重大科技项目 (No.2 0 0 2F0 1 6);; 福建省厦门市科技局重大科技项目 (No .350 2Z2 0 0 2 1 0 4 4 )资

连续陶瓷纤维的制备、结构、性能和应用:研究现状及发展方向

连续陶瓷纤维是纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的增强体,对提高陶瓷基复合材料的强度和韧性起关键作用,高损伤容限和高强度陶瓷纤维是阻止裂纹扩展实现陶瓷基复合材料强韧化的保障。本文对碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝和氧化锆等几种陶瓷纤维的制备方法、结构、性能和应用等方面进行了全面的综述,指出了今后的发展方向,期望为未来陶瓷纤维的研究、开发及应用提供参考。国家高技术研究发展计划(863)(2003AA305630);;国家自然科学基金(51472144);;山东省科技重大专项(2015ZDZX11003);;山东省青年学者未来计划(2016WLJH27

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死院前溶栓治疗中国专家共识

急性心肌梗死仍然严重威胁我国人民健康,在我国广大城乡地区,形势更为严峻[1,2]。及时救治急性心肌梗死患者,降低死亡率和保护心脏功能刻不容缓。鉴于我国的实际情况,院前溶栓治疗在大城市以外的城乡地区具有重要意义。为此,中国医师协会胸痛专业委员会及中国医学救援协会心血管急救分会专门组织有关专家制订了本共识,旨在帮助院前医疗急救人员对急性心肌梗死患者选择最佳

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of an Escherichia coliProduced Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: An Interim Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

HPV是一种常见的生殖道感染病毒，高危型HPV持续性感染能够导致几乎所有的宫颈癌，其中HPV 16型和18型危害最大，可导致约70%的宫颈癌。预防性HPV疫苗有望减少甚至最终消灭由疫苗型别导致的宫颈癌，降低HPV相关的疾病负担。该研究是在全国4个中心5个现场的18-45岁健康女性中进行的多中心、随机、双盲、对照（戊肝疫苗）的三期临床试验，该研究结果证实我校自主研发的双价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（大肠杆菌）具有良好的安全性、免疫原性和免疫持久性，可有效地预防HPV 16型和/或18型相关的宫颈高度癌前病变及持续性感染。 该论文报告了我校和厦门万泰沧海生物技术有限公司自主研发的双价人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（大肠杆菌）三期临床试验的期中分析结果。这是第一个进入临床试验并提交药品注册申请的国产人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（HPV疫苗），有望成为世界上第四个上市的HPV疫苗，受到世界卫生组织和盖茨基金会等国际组织的高度关注。 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乔友林教授、我校吴婷教授、广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心李荣成主任医师、江苏省疾病预防控制中心胡月梅主任医师、北京大学人民医院魏丽惠教授、中国食品药品检定研究院李长贵研究员、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院陈汶教授为该论文的共同第一作者，我校张军教授、夏宁邵教授和中国医学科学院肿瘤医院乔友林教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。【Abstract】Background The high cost and insufficient supply of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have slowed the pace of controlling cervical cancer. A phase 3 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of a novel Escherichia coli-produced bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine. Methods A multi-centre, randomized, double-blind trial started on November 22, 2012, in China. In total, 7372 eligible women aged 18-45 years were age-stratified and randomly assigned to receiving 3 doses of the test or control (hepatitis E) vaccine at months 0, 1 and 6. Co-primary endpoints included high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection (over 6 months) associated with HPV-16/18. The primary analysis was performed on a per-protocol susceptible population of individuals who were negative for relevant HPV type-specific neutralizing antibodies (at day 0) and DNA (at day 0 through month 7) and who received 3 doses of the vaccine. This report presents data from a pre-specified interim analysis used for regulatory submission. Results In the per-protocol cohort, the efficacies against high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection were 100.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 55.6% to 100.0%, 0/3306 in the vaccine group vs. 10/3296 in the control group) and 97.8% (95% CI = 87.1% to 99.9%, 1/3240 vs. 45/3246), respectively. The side effects were mild. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were noted. Robust antibody responses for both types were induced and persisted for at least 42 months. Conclusions The Escherichia coli-produced HPV-16/18 vaccine is well tolerated and highly efficacious against HPV-16/18 associated high-grade genital lesions and persistent infection in women.This work was supported by grants from the Chinese National High-tech R&D Program (863 program, 2012AA02A408), the Chinese National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for “Significant New Drug Development” (2018ZX09308010 and 2012ZX09101316), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81673240 and U1705283), the Fujian Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Project (2015YZ0002), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, 2017-I2M-B&R-03, and 2016-I2M-1-019) and Xiamen Innovax. 该研究获得了国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）、新药创制国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金、福建省科技重大专项、中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程基金以及厦门万泰沧海生物技术有限公司的资助