福建河蟹增养殖的现状和前景

河蟹,又叫毛蟹、螃蟹,学名中华绒毛蟹(ErIOCHEIrSInEnSIS)。自古就是我国人民喜爱的水产珍品,它誉满港澳市场,远销东南亚、日本和美国,是国际市场上畅销商品。我国蟹类大约500多种,但多数生长于海水,淡水少数蟹类中,经济价值和食用价值最高的品种就是河蟹。河蟹是洄游性的,平时生活在江河湖荡等淡水水域中,秋末冬初,成熟的个体迁移到河口浅海繁殖,次年春季,蟹苗(大眼幼体)重新迁移人淡水生长发育。我国

Few ideas about promoted link of fishery sciences and the industry

福建省是一个水产大省,80年代至90年代初的对虾养殖业以及随对虾养殖业发展起来的饲料、水产品加工等相关产业曾是沿海各县市农民奔小康和政府财政收入的主要途径;90年代初开始兴起的养鳗业和甲鱼养殖业曾是我省出口创汇的拳头产品;刚刚兴起的大黄鱼网箱养殖立马又面临病害、养殖大黄鱼品质不佳等问题;现今养鲍城东山的鲍鱼正经受着病害的大肆侵袭…… 纵观我省水产业的沉浮,与日本等发达国家相比较,我们不得不去思考、分析,首先,水产科技在水产业发展中扮演了什么角色,是先导作用、指导作用;还是水产科技的发展落后于产业的发展,水产科技对水产业仅起到了服务作用和“救火效应”。其次水产科技推广部门是否真正起到了推广示范和教育的作用。第三,在水产业的产业结构和品种布局上,市场导向、科技导向、政府引导各自发挥了多大作用,是不是纯粹的市场行为。第四,水产科技工作者是以产业发展为己任或是以做实验写论文为目标;是仅致力于自己

河蟹人工养殖技术的能学探讨

本文从能学的角度探讨温度、饵料与河蟹生长、蜕壳、性成熟的关系;阐明了河蟹养殖中温度效应,指出应注意温度控制,防止有效积温引发的性早熟;详细讨论了饵料的种类、配比以及蛋白质含量对河蟹生长、蜕壳、性成熟的影响;为推广和提高福建河蟹人工养殖技术提供参考

Ecological bioenergetics and artificial larval culture of shrimp and crab

【中文摘要】 甲壳动物摄食获得的能量用于存活、生长、蜕皮变态。由于食物消耗率的限制作用，使动物生长受环境制约，而热量损失（代谢）依赖于可利用能量的分配。能量代谢各组份间存在“对换”，代谢各组份间能量分配是受基因控制的，制约于神经激素、酶等内部调节机制，但又依赖于外...福建省青年自然基

Regulation of molting in crustacean larvae

福建省重中之重项目资助(福建省海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究

Feeding of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis enriched with microalgae

选取适宜浓度利用单种微藻和混合微藻对轮虫进行营养强化,采用实验生态学方法研究了轮虫滤水率和摄食率的动态变化。结果表明:微藻浓度、微藻种类和培养时间均对轮虫的滤水率和摄食率有显著影响;轮虫对几种单种微藻的滤水率和摄食率均随培养时间的延长而下降,在实验条件下,6H内轮虫对3种微藻的滤水率大小顺序为小球藻>球等鞭金藻>牟氏角毛藻,12H内轮虫对3种微藻的滤水率大小顺序则为球等鞭金藻>小球藻>牟氏角毛藻;轮虫在混合微藻中的选择顺序为球等鞭金藻>小球藻>牟氏角毛藻。By the methods of experimental ecology,this paper studied the dynamic changes of the filtration and ingestion rates of Brachionus plicatilis enriched with single and mixed microalgal diets at optimum concentrations.The microalgal concentration,microalgal species,and culture duration all had significant effects on the filtration and ingestion rates of B.plicatilis.The filtration and ingestion rates of B.plicatilis to the diets decreased with increasing culture duration.Under the experimental conditions,the filtration rate of B.plicatilis to the microalgae within 6 hours was in the order of Chlorella sp.> Isochrysis galbana > Chaetoceros muelleri,while that within the whole experimental duration(12 hours) was Isochrysis galbana > Chlorella sp.> Chaetoceros muelleri.The predation of B.plicatilis fed by mixed microalgal diet was with a preferential order of Isochrysis galbana > Chlorella sp.> Chaetoceros muelleri.国家“863计划”项目(2007AA09Z419)资

Effects of Artifical Infection Reovirus Trails on Some Immune Factors of Mud Crab,Scylla paramamosain

采用注射和浸泡的方式人工感染拟穴青蟹呼肠孤病毒,研究了其对拟穴青蟹血细胞密度以及血清中酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOd)和碱性磷酸酶(AkP)活力的影响.结果表明:注射(第Ⅱ组)和浸泡(第Ⅳ组)方式均能感染健康青蟹,病发死亡时间为7~9 d,死亡率达100%,血细胞平均密度在试验36~72 H间迅速上升并达最高值,其血细胞密度最高值分别为1.4008x107CEllS/Ml与1.8243x107CEllS/Ml;感染病毒的青蟹PO活性均大致呈现下降的趋势,其中,第Ⅳ组感染12 H青蟹PO活性相对对照组显著升高(P<0.05),其值为(6.90±1.54),达实验所测PO活性最高值;各实验组血清SOd活性呈无规律的变化;AkP活性感染组与对照组表现不同.表明测定血细胞密度以及PO和AkP活性可用来辅助诊断青蟹疾病,而SOd活性变化不能很好地表征青蟹受病毒感染的状况.The influence of artifical infection reovirous trails on the hemocyte density and the phenoloxidase(PO),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and alkaline phosphatase activity(AKP) of the serum from Mud Crab,Scylla paramamosain was examined.The results showed that the healthy crab would be infected by virous injection and bath exposure in the virus extraction,There were no obvious difference between two treatments in mortality and latency period of the experimental animals,all crabs died in 7--9 d after infection.Changes of some interrelated immune factors such as activities of PO,SOD and AKP displayed the downtrend day by day,while the hemocyte density rose evidently after 36 h and reached the peak value(2.8534×107 cells/mL) at 72 h,It recovered to the same level as the control group after 108 h.In conclusion,the changes of hemocyte density and PO,AKP activity except SOD activity would be used to assist diagnoses of crab diseases.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2009J01224

Immunostimulated blue algae as feed additive for Anguilla japonica black fry

免疫增强蓝藻是把胸腺素α_1(Tα_1)基因转移到蓝藻——聚球藻PCC 7942(Synechococcus sp．PCC7942)染色体上后获得稳定表达的转基因蓝藻,经小鼠实验初步表明其具有生物学活性并且口服有效。通过采用该免疫增强蓝藻饲喂日本鳗鲡(Anguillajaponica)黑仔,并采集分离了一种鳗鱼养殖流行性发病弧菌,对饲喂了免疫增强蓝藻的黑仔鳗进行多次感染试验,结果表明：饲喂添加免疫增强蓝藻的饲料后,黑仔鳗各检测组织器官Tα_1含量显著提高；免疫增强蓝藻提高了试验鱼的免疫能力,增强了试验鱼的抗逆、抗病菌感染能力,并具有一定的促生长作用。免疫增强蓝藻作为鱼类饲料添加剂适口性好,适宜添加量为0．5～1．0 g·kg~(-1)。The immunostimulated blue algae is the transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 in which human thymosin-alpll (Tα_1) gene had been expressed effectively. It has been confirmed that the immunocompetence in mice can be improved by oral administration of immunostimulated Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. The immunostimulated Synechococcus sp. was fed to Anguilla japonica as feed additive in this experiment. And the black fry was infected with epidemic pathogenic Vibrio sp. which had been isolated from the diseased A. japonica in the laboratory. Ta, contents in the measured tissues and organs of the black fry increased after fed with immunostimulated Synechococcus sp. The immunocompetence in A. japonica could be improved by oral administration of immunostimulated Synechococcus sp.. Resistances to bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio sp. and to environmental stress could be increased by fed with this immunostimulated blue algae, and the effects of the immunostimulated blue algae facilitated on growth of the black fry have been also observed in the experiment. The immunostimulated blue algae was the feasible aquatic feed additive and its dosages was about 0.5 to 1.0 gram per kilogram formulated feed.国家海洋863项目(819—04—03);; 厦门厦大科晟基因工程有限公司资助项目(CS040319A

Effect of Brooding Temperature on Larval Quality of Mud Crab Scylla serrata

研究了锯缘青蟹抱卵蟹培育和胚胎发育及孵化温度对刚孵化第 1期状幼体 ( Z1)干重 ( DW)和比能值 ( EC,J/mg)以及对幼体发育和存活的影响 .研究结果表明 :胚胎发育随孵育温度的升高而加快 ,但孵育温度与刚孵化幼体的干重和能量 ( E,J/ind)没有明确的相关性 ;而抱卵蟹培育和胚胎发育期间孵育温度的日温差对刚孵化青蟹幼体的干重和能量有明显的影响 ,并对幼体的存活和进一步发育产生影响。当孵育温度日温差≥ 2℃时 ,胚胎发育不整齐 ,孵化不同步 ,死卵或孵出原状幼体的比例高 ;孵化出的第 1期状幼体一般都无法蜕皮进入第 2期。孵育温度日温差与刚孵化幼体的干重或能量的相关性不确定 ,但当孵育温度日温差≥ 2℃时 ,刚孵化的状幼体的个体干重和能量的乘积 ( DW× E) <0 .74 6的几率显著增加 ,幼体可养活的几率极小 ,( DW× E)可作为判断刚孵化的第 1期状幼体能否正常生长发育的指标 【英文摘要】 Mud crab Scylla serrata farming has been going on for at least three decades in south China, especially in recent decade, but it has not reached even its optimum potential. The major constraint for further expansion of mud crab culture is the limited supply of crab ‘seed'. Mud crab culture still depends on wild-caught crablets, but its quantities are not sufficient to meet demand even at the current size of mud crab culture farming. There is a great need to develop a hatchery technology for the mass produ...福建省重中之重资助项