基于约束的神经机器翻译

神经机器翻译是近几年出现并快速发展的一种深度学习驱动的新型机器翻译模式,目前已成为机器翻译学术和工业界广为接受的主流技术.本文总结了我们在神经机器翻译方面的工作,特别是在各种信息和知识约束条件下提出的一系列神经机器翻译模型和方法,具体包括隐变量约束的变分神经机器翻译模型、单词与短语级统计机器翻译译文推荐与约束模型、源端句法结构约束模型.除此之外,本文也对神经机器翻译未来发展进行了初步思考和展望.国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(批准号:61622209)资助项

SEVERAL CRITICAL POINTS ABOUT NEW RISK MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT METHOD:MARK-TO-FUTURE

给出未来计值 (Mark- to- Future) ,这一建立在情景模拟 (scenarios)基础上的风险 /收益测量与管理方法的概念、模型、指标和实施步骤 ,重点讨论了其在实施和资本配置、业绩评价和组合优化应用中的几个核心问题。包括情景模拟方法 ,市场风险与信用风险的整合 ,风险的比较基准 (benchmark)与后悔值 ,经风险调整的估值以及看跌 /看涨有效前沿等As a new framework of integrated financial risk/reward measurement and management based on scenarios,Mark to Future(MtF) has earned a wide reputation.After introducing its concepts,models,criteria,and implementing steps,this paper focuses on several critical points in the implementation and application of MtF,which include scenarios simulation,integration of market risk and credit risk,risk benchmark and regret,and risk adjusted valuation.国家自然科学基金“九五”重大项目(7971 30 0 7);; 国泰君安证券研究所资助项

Neural Machine Translation with Deep Attention

该论文提出一种深层的注意机制，用于融合深层编码器和深层解码器之间的语义信息，从而进一步增强翻译系统建模源语言和目标语言之间翻译关系的能力。该论文提出的模型可以利用低层注意机制学习到的上下文信息，自动地判定如何从相应的编码层中提取、过滤源端语义信息并融入到相应的解码层之中，从而使高层注意机制拥有更充分的信息来建模深层次的翻译关系，并促使模型的隐层表示更适合目标词汇的预测。在中英、英德和英法三个翻译任务上，新模型取得了近乎最先进的翻译结果。该研究工作由我校软件学院苏劲松老师团队和天津大学熊德意老师团队合作完成。通讯作者为我校软件学院苏劲松副教授，第一作者为我校软件学院硕士生张飚。【Abstract】Deepening neural models has been proven very successful in improving the model's capacity when solving complex learning tasks, such as the machine translation task. Previous efforts on deep neural machine translation mainly focus on the encoder and the decoder, while little on the attention mechanism. However, the attention mechanism is of vital importance to induce the translation correspondence between different languages where shallow neural networks are relatively insufficient, especially when the encoder and decoder are deep. In this paper, we propose a deep attention model (DeepAtt). Based on the low-level attention information, DeepAtt is capable of automatically determining what should be passed or suppressed from the corresponding encoder layer so as to make the distributed representation appropriate for high-level attention and translation. We conduct experiments on NIST Chinese-English, WMT English-German and WMT English-French translation tasks, where, with 5 attention layers, DeepAtt yields very competitive performance against the state-of-the-art results. We empirically find that with an adequate increase of attention layers, DeepAtt tends to produce more accurate attention weights. An in-depth analysis on the translation of important context words further reveals that DeepAtt significantly improves the faithfulness of system translations.The authors were supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61672440 and 61622209), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. ZK1024),and Scientific Research Project of National Language Committee of China (Grant No. YB135-49). Biao Zhang greatly acknowledges the support of the Baidu Scholarship. 该项研究得到了国家自然科学基金（Nos. 61672440, 61622209）、中央高校基础科研基金（No. ZK1024）、国家语委科研项目（No. YB13549）、百度奖学金等的资助

Monitoring Results of Quality of Secondary-level Supplied Water on Domestic Watercraft in Xiamen Port

目的掌握厦门港区国内船舶二次供水水质的卫生状况。方法收集2007-2010年厦门市疾病预防控制中心对厦门港某公司拖轮及旅游客轮二次供水检测的数据,利用统计学软件SPSS13.0对数据进行统计分析。结果厦门港区某公司国内船舶二次供水水质不佳,四年检测样本全部指标合格水样只为22.3%。其中,浑浊度合格率50.6%、细菌总数合格率35.3%、总大肠菌群合格率81.2%。结论应采取措施,加大对供水点和国内船舶二次供水卫生监督力度,提高二次供水水质。并逐步完善对饮用水卫生进行科学评价、合理干预、有效监督的机制。Objective To investigate the hygienic condition of secondary water supply in domestic shipping of Xiamen Port.Methods We collected the detection data(from 2007 to 2010) of secondary water supply on tugs and cruise liners which belonged to the Shipping Company of Xiamen Port from Xiamen Municipal CDC,and then SPSS13.0 software package was used for data analysis.Results The quality of drinking water of domestic ships in Xiamen Port was not good.During a four-year testing period,the samples that all indicators were qualified were only 22.3%,among them,the passing rates of turbidity,total bacterial count and total coliforms were 50.6%,35.3%,and 81.2%,respectively.Conclusions Measures should be taken to strengthen the supervision on hygienic condition of water supply sources and secondary water supply in domestic ships and improve the quality of drinking water;moreover,the mechanism of scientific evaluation,reasonable intervention and effective supervision on drinking water should be gradually perfected

Study on the variation of the iodine nutrition status among children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women in Xiamen city after the implement of new standard of iodized salt supply

目的研究新标碘盐供应前后厦门市沿海8-10岁儿童和孕妇的碘营养变化情况,为下一步碘缺乏病防控策略调整提供实证依据。方法在新标碘盐供应前及食用新标碘盐后的第3、6、9个月调查厦门市翔安区8-10岁学生和孕妇的尿碘、尿比重、碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率和居民日人均食盐摄入量。结果自来水水碘含量为4.2μg/l,基线调查、第二、三次评估日人均食盐摄入量均数分别为5.7、6.9、6.9 g;基线调查、第一、第二、三次评估,8-10岁学生碘盐合格率和合格碘盐食用率都分别为97.1、93.1、98.0和98.0,盐碘中位数分别为28.7、24.7、24.0、25.3 Mg/kg,尿碘中位数分别为132.0、177.7、181.7和134.5μg/l,尿比重均值分别为1.0157、1.0196、1.0213和1.0184;孕妇碘盐合格率分别为97.8%、84.6%、84.4%和90.2%,盐碘中位数分别为27.8、25.7、24.3和23.7Mg/kg,尿碘中位数分别为103.8、128.5、138.9和100.2μg/l,尿比重均值分别为1.0123、1.0153、1.0180和1.0143;尿碘与采样季节、气候及尿比重有关,尿碘值与尿比重呈正相关关系。结论新标碘盐实施前后,8-10岁儿童碘营养总体处于适宜水平,但孕妇碘营养均不足,要采取措施加强孕妇碘营养,保障人群健康素质。Objective To investigate the variation of iodine nutrition among children aged 8 to 10 and pregnant women after the implement of new standard of iodized salt supply, and to provide evidence for the further adjustment of control strategy against iodine deficiency disease.Method Survey has been performed to acquire the urinary iodine, specific gravity, iodized salt coverage rate, iodized salt qualification rate, qualified iodized salt consumption rate and average daily salt intake among children aged 8 to10 and pregnant women in Xiamen city.It has been conducted for 3 times repeatedly with a regular interval of 3 months after the implement of new standard.Results The tap water iodine content was 4.2 μg / L.The average daily salt intake of baseline survey, second and third assessment was 5.7, 6.9 and 6.9 g respectively.The iodized salt coverage rates among children aged 8 to10 and pregnant women were all reached 100% in 4 assessments.Among children aged 8 to 10, iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate for 4 assessments were 97.1, 93.1, 98.0 and 98.0 respectively.Median of iodine salt samples was 28.7, 24.7, 24.0 and 25.3 mg / kg, respectively.The median of urinary iodine was 132.0,1 77.7, 181.7 and134.5 μg / L,respectively.The mean of specific gravity was 1.0184, 1.0157, 1.0196 and 1.0213, respectively.Among the pregnant women, the iodized salt qualification rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate of pregnant women were 97.8, 84.6, 84.4 and 90.2%, respectively.Median of iodine salt samples was 27.8, 25.7, 24.3 and 23.7 mg / kg, respectively.Median of urinary iodine was 103.8, 128.5, 138.9 and 100.2 μg / L,respectively.Mean of specific gravity was 1.0123,1.0153,1.0180 and 1.0143, respectively.Urinary iodine was correlated with season of sampling, climate and specific gravity, and urinary iodine was positively correlated with specific gravity.Conclusion The iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 to 10 was remained in adequate level regardless of the implement of new standard of iodized salt.However, the results suggested that the corresponding indicator among pregnant women was in a relatively low level.Proper countermeasure should be taken to enhance the iodine su-pply among them and to further secure the quality of general population

The Significant Effects of Non-engineering Measures on Disaster Prevention and Control

分析研究了灾害的危害和非工程措施在国民经济发展中的地位与作用 ,因地制宜的提出了几条防灾对策

对我国农村老年人口问题的透析

人构成了社会，又影响着社会变迁。一时期的人口结构可以预示出一个社会发展的未来景观。在世纪之交，我国人口结构将实现转型并迈入“老年型”国家行列，不仅老年人口绝对量大，而且增长速度快，势头凶猛。伴之而至的是对社会关系各个方面的影响与冲击，滋生出一系列的社会问题。为此，结合我国实际，针对农村老年社会群体的一些问题作一探索研究，以供参考。一、农村老年群体的特点老年人的共同特点是年高体衰，经验丰富，但多固守自我。一方面受生物学规律制约．他们的生理机能衰减，体力功能渐退，思维能力下降”，性格及心理活动时常失调；另一方面，他们历经沧桑，阅识较广，长期的社会实践使之积累了丰富的经验，观察社会仔细，思考问题全面，技术运用们熟。但同时与现代青年相比，又具有明显的个性特征，固步自封，缺乏开拓，只求相安无事，拒避互相竞争……。这种矛盾的同结体要求我们正确认识老年群体，妥善并合理开发他们的有益成份，在促使他们继续社会化的同时，为人类社会作出新的贡献。不同社会的老年人因生活的历史、背景与环境条件的不同而具有不同的社会特征。与城市老年人相比，农村的老年群体特征是：第一，没有固定的经济收入。经济发展水平低是构成农村老人难以实行退休制度的直接..

THE RESEARCH OF ACTION PLANNING TECHNOLOGY ON AN UNMANNED OPERATID TRACK-LAYING MOBILE ROBOT

本文以８６３－５１２型号项目为背景，从运动特性、运动描述、运动控制以及运动规划等几个方面研究履带式移动机器人的行动规划技术；首先从理论上分析了履带式移动机器人的内在运动传递机理，指出了其区别于轮式移动载体的独特的运动特性，尤其是在其转向特性方面，得出了履带式移动机器人运动角速度几乎不可控原理、原地转弯转不准问题、以及履带式车辆行动规划时所要遵循的规则等重要结论，针对履带式移动机器人的纵向运动控制问题，讨论了其速度控制模型，提出了一种速度测量与控制的简单、准确、可靠的方法。在磺向运动方面，提出了一种基于ＦＭ－ＬＩＫＥ和ＡＭ－ＬＩＫＥ相结合的复合控制技术，解决了难度较大的方向控制问题。最后提供了实验结果，证明了上述方法与结论的正确性。上述方法与结论，作为８６３－５１２某型号任务的一部分，业已通过验收

三峡库区经济社会发展现状与基本战略之研究

一、机遇提出新的课题，奠定战略地位。三峡工程的兴建，奠定了三峡地区在全国的战略地位，在地理位置上三峡库区属于我国经济的心脏部位，它毗邻我国几大经济区，经济发展的内在联系广泛，对周边地区潜在辐射影响巨大，一旦建成经济发达走廊，对周边省区经济的腾飞及对内地经济发展，平衡东西差异，均比沿海地区具有更大的优势。综合开发长江流域经济带的关键环节，也必将成为库区经济发展战略的中心和重点。三峡水库移民分布在库区21个县（市）的390个乡（镇），移民占库区总人口30％左右。林归、巴东两县80％以上的企业固定资产被迫迁建。在三峡工程给库区带来损失的同时，也给予了库区经济发展的机遇，决定了库区的发展必须从属于和服务于工程建设，发展战略要在保证工程建设的前提下制订、实施。因此，库区经济发展战略要适应库区所处的战略地位，适应工程建设的需要，适应百万移民的安置，适应具有特色的库区经济发展。改变被动局面，提高开发开放度。三峡工程久拖不决，是库区经济发展严重滞后的主要原因。三峡工程的兴建，使生产力重新布局，为此国家将采取优惠政策，如资金扶持、各地支援等措施，优先为三峡库区安排建设项目和增加投入。尤其是1994年12月14日三峡工程正式宣布..

一种柔性环保橡塑水窖及其制备方法

 本发明公开了一种用于储存雨水的环保型柔性橡塑水窖及其制备方法，该柔性橡塑水窖包括橡塑窖袋体，橡塑窖袋体由补强帆布、保护帆布和外层、中层、内层橡胶复合组成，容积为10～300m3。在橡塑窖袋体的底端设有排污口，橡塑窖袋体的顶端的一侧设有排气阀，橡塑窖袋体侧面分别设有雨水进口和取水口，在橡塑窖袋体的周边上根据需要设有窖体位置固定带，橡塑窖袋体周围还布设有固定锚索。水窖蓄满水为圆柱形状或椭圆柱形状，分为卧式和立式，可安放在地上或地下，寿命20～25年，成本为100元/m3左右，较常规水窖节省投资20％～30％，节省成窖时间80％以上。特别是对解决偏远缺水地区生活用水，发展节水农业、小型加工业及生态集雨用水具有重要的实际意义