少数民族服饰图案纹样的特色

我国是一个多民族的国家,各民族有着自己独特而灿烂的传统文化,民族服饰图案纹样是其重要的组成部分。中国少数民族的服饰图案纹样丰富多彩,装饰手法各异,通过绣、印、染、绘、织、刺等各种手法创造了千变万化的图案纹样。这些纹样纹型布局疏密有致、构图奇巧,设色绚烂庄重、素淡典雅,基调多明快悦目,呈现简洁实用、素朴敦厚的原始风格

Concentrations and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments at western Xiamen Bay and assessment of their ecological risk

2004年11月30日至12月1日连续两天采集厦门西海域10个站位表层沉积物样品,参照美国EPA标准方法及采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,对表层沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定分析。结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中16种PAHs的总含量为198.2—1061.6 ng.g-1,平均值为723.51 ng.g-1,能检出的PAHs均以2—4环的芳香物为主;10个站位中X1、X2、X3、X6及M2站位的PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,其他站位以石油泄漏为主要来源。对PAHs的生态风险评价结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中PAHs的环境毒性相对较低,说明该海域表层沉积物中PAHs对生物的危害程度较轻。Surface sediment samples at 10 sites of the western Xiamen Bay were collected on November 30 and December 1 of 2004.The U.S.EPA analytical methods were employed to examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),and the concentrations of PAHs were determined by GC/MS.The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs varied from 198.2 to 1061.6 ng·g-1 dry weight,with an average of 723.51 ng·g-1.The dominant compositions are low molecular weight PAHs with 2—4 rings.The sources of PAHs in the sediments at X1,X2,X3,X6,and M2 sites were mostly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel.The main possible sources of PAHs in the sediments at other sites were identified as oil spills.The toxicity of PAHs in the sediments at western Xiamen Bay was relatively low based on the assessment result of their ecological risk.福建省科技重点资助项目(2004I001

Study on the Release Kinetics of Cr From Marine Dredged Materials With Oxalate Acid

采用恒温振荡实验装置,系统研究了有机酸草酸降解海洋疏浚物中重金属Cr的动力学过程。结果表明,恒温振荡6 H后,浓度为0.05--0.4 MOl/l的草酸可使Cr的释放百分率达到24%--44%。Cr的释放总体上可分为快速反应和慢速反应2个阶段,0--2 H为快反应阶段,解吸速率快,2--6 H后为慢反应阶段。草酸对Cr的释放动力学数据可用双常数方程很好的拟合,说明在草酸的存在下,疏浚物颗粒表面对Cr的释放可能更多表现出能量的不均匀性。温度升高时Cr的解吸量增加,反应速度加快,根据阿累尼乌斯公式估算出的活化能为26.53 kJ/MOl。The kinetic release behavior of heavy metal Cr from marine dredged material with oxalate acid solution is investigated by isotherm shaking device.The results show that the release percentage of Cr from dredged material with 0.05～0.4 mol/L oxalate acid in six hours reaches 24%～44%.The kinetic characteristics of heavy metal Cr is divided into two stage reactions of rapid and low desorption.When using oxalate acid as extracting solution,the data of release kinetics of Cr from dredged material conforms to the double constant equation,it implies that organic acid induced the energy uniformity of the release of Cr from dredged material.The amount of desorption increases and velocity of desorption speeds up with the increase of temperature.The activation energy calculated according to Arrhenius equation should be 26.53 kJ/mol.福建省科技重点资助项目(2004I001

Distribution of PCBs Concentrations in Dredged Materials of Xiamen Western Bay and Ecological Hazard Assessment

对厦门西海域拟疏浚物中的PCBs含量及分布特征进行了调查,结果表明,厦门西海域拟疏浚物中PCBs为0.17 ng/g～30.3 ng/g,其中马銮湾2个站位PCBs的总含量高于《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668-2002)一类标准值。生态风险评价结果显示厦门西海域拟疏浚物中多氯联苯的环境毒性相对较低。The concentration and distribution of PCBs in the dredged materials on the western bay of Xiamen were investigated.The results indicated the concentrations of the dredged material samples varied from 0.17 ng/g to 30.3 ng/g.The PCBs concentrations of all sampling sites were lower than the value of Category Ⅰ of Quality Standards for Ocean Sediment(State Standard 18668-2002)except two in the Maluan bay.The ecological risk assessment showed the relative low PCBs level in the Xiamen dredged materials was relative low toxicity to the environment.福建省科技重点基金资助项目(2004I001

代谢型谷氨酸受体5与神经系统疾病的研究进展

代谢型谷氨酸受体5（mGluR5）作为重要的mGluR之一,通过第二信使发挥生物学效应。mGluR5以二聚体形式主要分布于大脑皮质、海马和纹状体等区域,通过激活磷脂酶C-肌醇1,4,5-三磷酸-甘油二酯-Ca2+和..

金属苯的亲核加成和芳香亲核取代反应

近年来有关金属苯亲核反应的研究工作为证实金属苯的芳香性提供了有力的实验证据,发展了经典有机化学的芳香亲核取代反应理论.同时,借助金属苯亲核反应的研究还可获得一系列结构新颖的金属有机化合物.本文就迄今为止已报道的金属苯的亲核加成和芳香亲核取代反应进行了全面的总结

Predictive Study of Bubble Mean Diameter in Subcooled Flow Boiling

通道内截面汽泡平均直径是计算两相流相间界面传递方程以及计算汽液相界面浓度的重要参数。综合考虑过冷沸腾工况下汽泡动力学、两相热力学以及汽泡聚合效应; 对通道内汽泡尺寸的影响,提出过冷沸腾通道内截面汽泡平均直径预测模型。将该模型与实验数据进行比较,预测值与实验值偏差12.5%。Bubble mean diameter is a key parameter to calculate the interfacial; transfer equation of two phase flow and interfacial concentration.; Taking into account the effects of both the thermal, hydrodynamic; conditions and bubble coalescence rate on the mean bubble size in the; channel, a model has been developed. The proposed model agreed well with; the experimental data within the averaged relative deviation of 12.5%.福建省自然科学基

Polishing of Laser Lift-off-Induced GaN Surface

激光剥离(llO)技术是研制新型氮化镓(gAn)基谐振腔结构光电子器件的关键技术。然而llO后的gAn表面往往具有较大的粗糙度,而制作谐振腔结构器件需要很高的表面平整度,因此需要对llO后的gAn表面进行抛光。分别采用金刚石粉抛光液和胶粒二氧化硅抛光液进行机械抛光和化学机械抛光(CMP),并对比了两种方法获得的抛光结果,研究发现前者会在抛光后的gAn表面引入划痕,而采用后者可以得到亚纳米级平整度的表面。进一步的实验结果表明,胶粒二氧化硅抛光液同样适用于图形化衬底外延片激光剥离后的gAn表面抛光。Laser lift-off( LLO) is a key technology in development of new GaN-based resonant-cavity optoelectronic devices.For cavity-dependent devices,a smooth surface is highly required.However,the GaN surface after LLO is usually rough,and the polishing is necessary.The mechanical polishing of diamond powder and the chemical mechanical polishing of colloidal silica were compared.It is found that diamond powder leads to scratches on the GaN surface whereas colloidal silica leads to smooth surface with sub-nanometer roughness.The experiment results indicate that polishing with colloidal silica solutions can be applied to smoothen the LLO-produced GaN surface from an epitaxial wafer grown on patterned-sapphire substrate.国家自然科学基金资助项目(61274052;61106044); 中国科学院纳米器件与应用重点实验室开放课题资助项目(14ZS02

疏浚物去污染技术的研究进展

世界各国的沿海和内陆城市的河流湖泊以及海湾均需进行疏浚,而如何安全经济地处理和处置疏浚物已成为迫切需要解决的难题。目前国外对疏浚物处理技术的研究已取得了一定的成果,但大多数处理技术仍停留在实验室和中试阶段。文章综述了目前国外主要的8种疏浚物处理方法,详细地介绍和评述了各方法的原理、特点、处理效率和优缺点,并介绍了这些方法的发展动向和前景,尤其是美国在处理疏浚物方面的研究现状和进展。福建省科技重点项目(2004I001

Treatment characteristics of marine microalgae hydroxyl radicals in ship′s ballast water

鉴于当前尚无一种有效治理压载水中外来有害生物入侵的方法,为解决这一难题,本文采用高级氧化技术,即生成高浓度羟基溶液的方法治理船舶压载水中的海洋微生物.研究主要是利用介质阻挡强电离放电的方法,将空气中的O2和海水中H2O电离离解成.OH等氧化自由基,溶于海水中形成高浓度羟基溶液.同时,实验以羟基致死压载水中的湛江等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻和大肠杆菌为例进行了研究.结果表明:羟基致死微生物的阈值为0.6 Mg·l-1,主要是破坏了藻类体内的叶绿素,进而导致藻类的死亡.Currently,there is no effective method to treat the introduced algaes and bacteria in the ship′s ballast water.To solve this problem,the method of advanced oxidation technology producing high-concentration hydroxyl radical solution was used to treat marine microorganisms.With strong ionization discharge,O2 in air and H2O in seawater could be ionized and dissociated into a number of activate particles such as hydroxyl radicals(· OH),which can dissolve into seawater(a part of ballast water) to form the high concentration · OH solution.With the high reaction rate and broad-spectrum lethal characteristic,· OH radicals could kill the introduced microorganisms through dissociative radical reactions in the course of both discharging and inputting the ballast water,without the pollution by medicament.In this study,Isochrysis zhanjiangensis,Chaetoceros muelleri and Escherichia coli in ballast water were killed by · OH radicals.Results indicated that the threshold lethal concentration of · OH radicals for microorganisms in ballast water was 0.6 mg · L-1.A-chlorophyll was damaged by · OH radicals during the treatment,which resulted in the death of algaes.国家自然科学基金项目(No.50877005); 国家杰出青年科学基金项目(No.61025001); 国际科技合作项目(No.2010DFA61470); 国家高技术研究发展(863)计划(No.2012AA062609); 中央高校基本科研业务费(No.2011QN63;2012QN067)~