Monthly changes in caloric values of five shrubby Palmae species leaves

对 5种丛生状棕榈植物—欧洲棕、细叶棕竹、小箬棕、玲珑椰子、缨络椰子的叶片热值和灰分含量的月变化进行了研究 .结果表明 ,5种植物具有较高的灰分含量 ,但灰分含量的月变化趋势各不相同 ;欧洲棕、细叶棕竹、小箬棕 3种植物干重热值的月变化趋势有些差异 ,同属的缨络椰子、玲珑椰子干重热值的月变化趋势基本相似 ;缨络椰子、小箬棕的干重热值与灰分含量具有显著的线性相关 (P 0 0 5 ) ;从去灰分热值的月变化来看 ,细叶棕竹与小箬棕 ,缨络椰子与玲珑椰子的月变化趋势相似 . 【英文摘要】 Studies on the monthly changes in the ash contents and caloric values of 5 shrubby Palmae species(Chamaerops humilis,Rhapis gracilis,Sabal minor,Chamaedorea cataractarum,Chamaedorea brachypoda)leaves showed that annual average ash content of the five shrubby species was 4.87%±1.37% for Chamaerops humilis,8 33%±0.89% for Rhapis gracilis,7.85%±2.64% for Sabal minor,9.20%±1.35% for Chamaedorea cataractarum,and 12.42%±1.78% for Chamaedorea brachypoda.The monthly changes of gross caloric value were different fo...国家建设部和厦门市政园林局资助项目 (YK 2 0 0 0 0 5

The Changes in Ca~(2+) level and ultrastructure in the Leaf Cells of Garyota urens L. under Low Temperature Stress

用焦锑酸钙沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法 ,研究了低温胁迫下董棕 (GaryotaurensL .)幼苗叶肉细胞内Ca2 + 水平的变化。研究结果表明 ,未经低温处理的董棕幼苗叶肉细胞 ,焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡和细胞间隙中 ,细胞壁中也可见少量沉淀 ,而细胞基质中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀 ;经 2℃ 48h低温处理后 ,细胞基质和细胞膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加 ,而液泡和细胞间隙中的焦锑酸钙沉淀则显著减少 ,并且超微结构已初步显示出寒害的特征 ,叶绿体外膜部分破损 ,类囊体片层稀疏且排列不规则 ,光合速率明显下降等 ;经 2℃ 1 2 0h低温处理后 ,细胞间隙内的焦锑酸钙沉淀极少 ,有的也紧贴在细胞外壁上 ,而细胞基质和细胞膜上则分布有非常多的焦锑酸钙沉淀 ,在核基质和液泡中也可见到少量的焦锑酸钙沉淀 ,并且超微结构遭到了显著破坏 ,叶绿体结构完全被破坏 ,核膜与液泡膜严重破损 ,内部结构模糊 ,细胞只表现为呼吸作用 ,不进行光合作用。表明Ca2 + 的区域性分布的变化与植物抗寒性存在一定关系。The changes in Ca 2+ localization in the leaf cells of Garyota urens L. under chilling stress were investigated with calcium antimonate precipitate_electromicroscopic_cytochemical methods. When Garyota urens L. grew on the normal temperature, it was shown that the deposits of calcium antimonate being the indicator for Ca 2+ localization mainly concentrated within the vacuoles and intercellular spaces and there was also some Ca 2+ deposits in cell walls. But when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 48 h, the level of Ca 2+ increased in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, but decreased in vacuoles and intercellular spaces considerably. At the same time, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts suffered from chilling: the membrane of chloroplasts had been damaged, the layer of thylakoids was exiguous and unclear, the photosynthetic rate decreased evidently. And when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 120 h, the deposits of Ca 2+ mainly concentrated within the cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane and there was also some Ca 2+ deposits in vacuoles, and the ultrastructure of some cells was simultaneously damaged severely: Chloroplasts structure, vacuole membrane and nuclear membrane had been damaged fully, the structure within the cell had become unclear, and the cell only have respiration. Thus it can be seen that there are some relations between the changes in Ca 2+ distribution within the cell and plant cold_hardiness.国家建设部及厦门市建委资助项

Effects of cold hardening on membrane lipid peroxidation and activities of cell defense enzymes in leaves of Pritchardia gaudichaudii seedling under low temperature stress

在 - 5℃低温胁迫下 ,夏威夷椰子 (PritchardiagaudichaudiiH .Wendl.)幼苗叶片的丙二醛 (MDA)含量逐渐增加 ,表明膜脂过氧化作用逐渐增强 ;含水量不断下降 ;细胞保护酶中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)和过氧化氢酶 (CAT)酶活性均先升高 ,然后下降。冷锻炼处理可以减缓夏威夷椰子膜脂过氧化作用的增强 ,促进SOD酶活性的提高 ,同时抑制POD和CAT酶活性的变化 ,因而使夏威夷椰子幼苗的抗寒性得以提高 ,在 - 5℃低温胁迫下的半致死时间从 1.6d延长到 2 .2d。Under -5℃ low temperature stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of \%Pritchardia gaudichaudii \%H. Wendl. seedling gradually increased, reflecting that membrane lipid peroxidation aggravated. Water content lowered. Cell defense enzymes SOD (superoxide dimutase), POD (peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) activity raised at early stage, and then lowered. Cold hardening treatment could lessen the increase of membrane lipid peroxidation, promote SOD activity, and inhibite the change of POD and CAT activity under low temperature stress, so the resistance to chilling stress had been enhanced for \%P. gaudichaudii \%seedling. By cold hardening, the half lethal time had been extended to 2.2 d from 1.6 d under -5℃ low temperature stress.国家建设部和厦门市建设委员会资助项

Comparative study of physiological indices of four palm species during winter in Xiamen

2004年10月至2005年1月,测定了4种棕榈科Plamae植物蝴蝶椰子Chrysalidocarpuslucubensis,油棕Elaeis guineensis,山棕榈Trachycarpus martianus和加拿利海枣Phoenixcanariensis在厦门越冬期间叶片的电导率、自由水/束缚水比值、叶绿素质量分数及叶绿素a/b值等生理指标。综合比较各指标可得4种棕榈科植物的抗寒性顺序为:加拿利海枣>蝴蝶椰子和山棕榈>油棕。表3参14To study the low temperature tolerance of four palm species,the electrical conductivity,the ratio of free water/bound water,the chlorophyll contents and the ratio of chlorophyll a/b of their leaves were measured during winter(from 2004 Oct.to 2005 Jan.)in Xiamen City.The results showed that the low temperature tolerance from high to low are as follows: Phoenix canariensis>Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis>Trachycarpus martianus>Elaeis guineensis.[Ch,3 tab.14 tab.]国家建设部和厦门市建委资助项目(YK-2000-05

Changes of the Level of Ca~(2+) in Leaf Cells of Pritchardia gaudichaudii H. Wendl. under Low Temperature Stress

用焦锑酸钙沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法 ,研究了低温胁迫下夏威夷椰子 (PritchardiagaudichaudiiH .Wendl.)幼苗叶肉细胞内Ca2 + 水平的变化 .研究结果表明 ,未经低温处理的夏威夷椰子幼苗叶肉细胞 ,焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡中 ,而细胞基质及细胞间隙中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀 .而夏威夷椰子幼苗经过 2℃ ,48h低温处理后 ,细胞基质和细胞膜、液泡膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加 ,而液泡中的焦锑酸钙沉淀减少 ,并且超微结构已初步显示出寒害的特征 ,叶绿体外膜部分破损 ,类囊体片层稀疏且排列不规则 .而夏威夷椰子幼苗经过 2℃ ,96h低温处理后 ,Ca2 +大量分布于液泡和细胞基质中 ,细胞间隙中也可见少量斑块状沉淀 ,大部分细胞结构已经严重破损 ,内部结构分辨不清呈现出了遭受严重冷害的症状 .从而揭示了Ca2 + 的区域性分布的变化与植物抗寒性的一些关系The changes of Ca 2+ localization in leaf cells of Pritchardia gaudichaudii H. Wendl. under chilling stress were investigated with calcium antimonate precipitate-electromicroscopic-cytochemical methods. When P. gaudichaudii grew at the normal temperature, it was shown that the deposits of calcium antimonate being the indicator for Ca 2+ localization mainly concentrated within the vacuoles. But when P. gaudichaudii was treated at the temperature of 2 ℃ for 48 hours, the level of Ca 2+ increased in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, but decreased in vacuoles considerably. At the same time, the ultrastructure suffered from chilling: the membrane of chloroplasts had been damaged, the layer of thylakoid was exiguous and unclear. And the chilling time was prolonged to 96 hours, the deposits of calcium antimonate mainly concentrated within the cytoplasm and vacuoles and that there was also some Ca 2+ deposits in intercellular spaces, simultaneity, the ultrastructure of some cells was damaged severely: Chloroplasts structure, vacuole membrane and nuclear membrane had been damaged fully, the structure within the cell had become unclear.国家建设部及厦门市建委资助项目 (无编号

RAPD Analyses of 10 Species in Palmae

用RAPD法对厦门植物园引种栽培的4属10种棕榈科植物样本进行了基因组DNA多态性分析.从29个随机引物中筛选出9个有效引物共获得RAPD谱带558条,多态性谱带占71.32%.利用UPGMA法对10种棕榈科植物聚类分析,得其DNA的分子分类系统图.结果表明,棕榈属、琼棕属和鱼尾葵属聚类成一组,蒲葵属另成一组;棕榈属、琼棕属和蒲葵属中6种掌状叶型植物的平均遗传距离为0.47,羽状叶型的4种鱼尾葵属植物间的平均遗传距离为0.55;而羽状叶植物与掌状叶植物间的遗传距离达0.72.在同一属内,棕榈属内两种距离最近,蒲葵属两种最远.尽管分子分类结果与形态分类结果存在一定差异,但RAPD分子标记技术对棕榈等引种植物的分类鉴定和遗传多样性评价是有效可行的.Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used in analyzing the genetic distance of 10 species in 4 genera of Palmae, of which DNAs were extracted by the CTAB method. 9 effective primers from 29 arbitrary primers were used to amplify 558 DNA bands, of which polymorphic RAPD loci covered an average of 71.32%. A DNA molecular dendrogram based on UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the 10 species of palms can be divided into 2 main groups. Group A consisted of 8 species in 3 genera, which can also be divided into 3 subgroups. Group B included only two species of Livistona. The average genetic distance between 6 palmate palms was 0.47, while the 4 pinnate shared 0.55, but the distance between the 6 palmate and the 4 pinnate reached 0.72. In a same genus, Trachycarpus fortunei and T.nana shared the nearest genetic distance (0.23), while Livistona rotundifolia and L. chinensis shared the farthest (0.71). RAPD is valuable in solving problems in plant taxonomy and phylogeny, especially with introduced or cultivated materials.国家建设部和厦门市园林局(YK 2000 05)资

Change of Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Cell Defense Enzyme in Leaves of Phoenix canariensis Seedling under Low Temperature Stress

在 - 5℃低温胁迫下 ,加拿利海枣 (PhoenixcanariensisHort.exChab .)幼苗叶片的MDA含量逐渐增加 ,膜脂过氧化作用逐渐增强 ,含水量不断下降 .细胞保护酶SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均逐渐升高 ,6 0h后呈现下降趋势 .冷锻炼处理可以减缓膜脂过氧化作用的增强、电解质渗出率的增加及含水量的降低 ,促进SOD和CAT酶活性的提高 ,同时抑制POD酶活性的变化 ,相应提高了加拿利海枣幼苗的抗寒性Under -5 ℃ low temperature stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves of Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chab. seedling gradually increased, reflecting that membrane liquid peroxidation aggravated. Cell defense enzymes SOD, POD and CAT activity raised at early stage, and then lowered after 60 h. Cold hardening could lessen the increase of membrane liquid peroxidation, promoted SOD and CAT activity, and inhibited the change of POD activity and water content under low temperature stress, so enhanced cold resistance of P. canariensis seedling.国家建设部和厦门市建委资助项目 (无编号

A study on shade tolerance of 13 species of palm trees

研究13种盆栽棕榈植物在不同遮荫处理条件下的生长、叶片叶绿素含量、含水量及比叶重的变化,并通过系统聚类分析及主分量分析,将13种棕榈植物的耐阴性分为三类,其中缨络椰子、散尾葵和小琼棕较耐阴,国王椰子、假槟榔、金帝葵和美丽针葵耐阴性较差,短穗鱼尾葵、袖珍椰子、雪佛里椰子、穗花轴榈、蒲葵和棕竹等棕榈植物耐阴性居中。Under different shading treatments, the growth, contents of water and chlorophyll in leaves, and ratio of leaf dry weight to leaf area of 13 species of palm trees were studied. By system cluster analysis and principal factor analysis, 13 species of palm trees were classified into three levels of shade tolerance. The species with strong tolerance to shade included Chamaedorea cataractarum, Chuniophoenix nana and Dypsis lutescens, the medium ones included Caryota mitis, Chamaedorea elegans, Chamaedorea seifrizii, Licuala fordiana, Livistona chinensis and Rhapis exelsa, and the weak ones included Archontophoehix alexandrae, Howea forsteriana, Phoenix roebelenii and Ravenea rivularis

Changes in Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Activities of Cell Defense Enzyme in Leaves of Butia capitata Becc Seedling under Low Temperature Stress

低温胁迫下弓葵 (ButiacapitataBecc)幼苗叶片的MDA含量逐渐增加 ,膜脂过氧化作用增强。- 8℃条件下的膜脂过氧化作用明显强于 2℃。细胞膜透性在 2℃条件下变化不大 ,- 8℃时则随低温胁迫时间延长而急剧上升 ,细胞膜受到伤害。 - 8℃胁迫下细胞保护酶SOD、POD和CAT活性短期 (6h)内升高 ,然后下降 ,2 4h以后 3种保护酶受到低温胁迫的严重抑制。在 2℃胁迫下 ,SOD活性在 6h内变化不大 ,随后下降 ;CAT活性变化趋势与 - 8℃时相似 ,但变化幅度较小 ;POD虽也呈现先升后降的趋势 ,但降幅明显小于升幅 ,至 4 8h时POD活性仍维持较高水平。 2℃低温胁迫不是抑制而是促进POD活性的提高Under low temperature stress,as a product of membrane liquid peroxidation,malondialdehyde(MDA)content in leaves of Butia capitata seedling gradually increased with elongation of stress time and stress intensity. Membrane lipid peroxidation raised more quickly under -8℃ than that under 2℃.As for membrane permeability,there was only a little change under 2℃,but it showed a sharp increase under -8℃,indicating that cell membrane suffered severe damage after 24h of -8℃.Cell defense enzymes SOD,POD and CAT activity raised immediately in 6h and then decreased under -8℃.They were severely inhibited by low temperature stress.Under 2℃,SOD activity had little change in 6h,and then decreased.CAT activity had a similar trend with that under -8℃,but it changed by a lower ranger.Though POD activity also took a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing,POD activity maintained a high level until 48h,it gave us a hint that 2℃ low temperature stress probably could not inhibit,but promote POD activity in 48h for leaves of Butia capitata seedling.国家建设部和厦门市建委资助项